Hammer And Hoe
''Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists during the Great Depression'' is a 1990 book on U.S. history by Robin D. G. Kelley. It describes labor, racial and social history in Alabama during the Great Depression, focusing on black communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ... organizing. In particular ''Hammer and Hoe'' describes the way black workers brought existing traditions of resistance to racial oppression to their development of a unique version of Marxism. The book won several prizes and was republished in a 25th anniversary edition in 2015. Development and publication Robin D. G. Kelley developed ''Hammer and Hoe'' during graduate school in the 1980s in a climate of activism, including the protests against police violence in Liberty City, Florida, Harold Washing ...
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Robin Kelley
Robin Davis Gibran Kelley (born March 14, 1962) is an American historian and academic, who is the Gary B. Nash Professor of American History at UCLA. From 2006 to 2011, he was Professor of American Studies and Ethnicity at the University of Southern California (USC), and from 2003 to 2006 he was the William B. Ransford Professor of Cultural and Historical Studies at Columbia University. From 1994 to 2003, he was a professor of history and Africana Studies at New York University (NYU) as well the chair of NYU's history department from 2002 to 2003. Kelley has also served as a Hess Scholar-in-Residence at Brooklyn College. In the summer of 2000, he was honored as a Montgomery Fellow at Dartmouth College, where he taught and mentored a class of sophomores, as well as wrote the majority of the book ''Freedom Dreams''. During the academic year 2009–10, Kelley served as Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Professor of American History at Oxford University, the first African-American historian ...
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