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Halszkaraptorinae
Halszkaraptorinae is a basal ("primitive") subfamily of Dromaeosauridae (or possibly Unenlagiidae) that includes the enigmatic genera ''Halszkaraptor'', ''Natovenator'', ''Mahakala'', and ''Hulsanpes''. Halszkaraptorines are definitively known only from Late Cretaceous strata in Asia, specifically in Mongolia. Following the recent discovery of ''Natovenator'', a member of the subfamily, the group is confirmed to have a semiaquatic lifestyle. History of discovery The first known remains of halszkaraptorines were found in sandstone sediments in 1970 during a Polish-Mongolian expedition at the Barun Goyot Formation, Gobi Desert. Later in 1982 they were described by Polish palaeontologist Halszka Osmólska and used as the holotype for the new genus and species '' Hulsanpes perlei'', honoring the Mongolian paleontologist Altangerel Perle. Although the affinities of these fossils were not fully understood, they were tentatively interpreted as belonging to Deinonychosauria. In 1992 dro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dromaeosauridae
Dromaeosauridae () is a family of feathered theropod dinosaurs. They were generally small to medium-sized feathered carnivores that flourished in the Cretaceous Period. The name Dromaeosauridae means 'running lizards', from Greek ('), meaning 'runner', and ('), meaning 'lizard'. In informal usage, they are often called raptors (after ''Velociraptor''), a term popularized by the film '' Jurassic Park''; a few types include the term "raptor" directly in their name and have come to emphasize their bird-like appearance and speculated bird-like behavior. Dromaeosaurid fossils have been found across the globe in North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, South America and Antarctica, with some fossils giving credence to the possibility that they inhabited Australia as well. They first appeared in the mid-Jurassic Period (late Bathonian stage, about 167 million years ago) and survived until the end of the Cretaceous (Maastrichtian stage, 66 ma), existing until the Cretaceous–Paleogene ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halszkaraptor Escuilliei
''Halszkaraptor'' (; meaning " Halszka's seizer") is a genus of waterfowl-like dromaeosaurid dinosaurs from Mongolia that lived during the Late Cretaceous period. It contains only one known species, ''Halszkaraptor escuilliei''. The type specimen (holotype) has been compared to the bones of extant crocodilians and aquatic birds, and found evidence of a semiaquatic lifestyle, while some researchers question about semiaquatic ecology. A phylogenetic analysis revealed it was a member of the basal subfamily Halszkaraptorinae, along with ''Mahakala'' and ''Hulsanpes''. History of discovery The holotype specimen of ''Halszkaraptor'' likely came from the Djadochta Formation at Ukhaa Tolgod in southern Mongolia, and was illegally removed by fossil poachers. The fossil found its way to Japan and Great Britain, being owned by several collectors for some years until the Eldonia company of fossil dealer François Escuillié obtained it. He identified it as a new species, and in 2015 took ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hulsanpes
''Hulsanpes'' ( meaning " Khulsan foot") is a genus of halszkaraptorine theropod dinosaurs that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now the Barun Goyot Formation of Mongolia, about 75-72 million years ago. The remains were found in 1970 and formally described in 1982 by Halszka Osmólska, who noted that the genus is represented by an immature individual. ''Hulsanpes'' represents the first record of the basal dromaeosaurid subfamily Halszkaraptorinae. History of discovery The first fossil remains of ''Hulsanpes'' were discovered in 1970 during the third Polish-Mongolian expedition at Khulsan in the Gobi Desert. Twelve years later, the type species, ''Hulsanpes perlei'', was named and described by the Polish palaeontologist Halszka Osmólska in 1982. ''Hulsanpes'' is based on the holotype fossil specimen ZPAL MgD-I/173, uncovered in a sandstone layer of the Barun Goyot Formation, dating from the Late Campanian (roughly 72 million years ago). It consists of a partial brain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halszkaraptor Size Comparison By PaleoGeek
''Halszkaraptor'' (; meaning " Halszka's seizer") is a genus of waterfowl-like dromaeosaurid dinosaurs from Mongolia that lived during the Late Cretaceous period. It contains only one known species, ''Halszkaraptor escuilliei''. The type specimen (holotype) has been compared to the bones of extant crocodilians and aquatic birds, and found evidence of a semiaquatic lifestyle, while some researchers question about semiaquatic ecology. A phylogenetic analysis revealed it was a member of the basal subfamily Halszkaraptorinae, along with ''Mahakala'' and ''Hulsanpes''. History of discovery The holotype specimen of ''Halszkaraptor'' likely came from the Djadochta Formation at Ukhaa Tolgod in southern Mongolia, and was illegally removed by fossil poachers. The fossil found its way to Japan and Great Britain, being owned by several collectors for some years until the Eldonia company of fossil dealer François Escuillié obtained it. He identified it as a new species, and in 2015 took ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hulsanpes Perlei
''Hulsanpes'' ( meaning " Khulsan foot") is a genus of halszkaraptorine theropod dinosaurs that lived during the Late Cretaceous in what is now the Barun Goyot Formation of Mongolia, about 75-72 million years ago. The remains were found in 1970 and formally described in 1982 by Halszka Osmólska, who noted that the genus is represented by an immature individual. ''Hulsanpes'' represents the first record of the basal dromaeosaurid subfamily Halszkaraptorinae. History of discovery The first fossil remains of ''Hulsanpes'' were discovered in 1970 during the third Polish-Mongolian expedition at Khulsan in the Gobi Desert. Twelve years later, the type species, ''Hulsanpes perlei'', was named and described by the Polish palaeontologist Halszka Osmólska in 1982. ''Hulsanpes'' is based on the holotype fossil specimen ZPAL MgD-I/173, uncovered in a sandstone layer of the Barun Goyot Formation, dating from the Late Campanian (roughly 72 million years ago). It consists of a partial brainc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halszkaraptor
''Halszkaraptor'' (; meaning " Halszka's seizer") is a genus of waterfowl-like dromaeosaurid dinosaurs from Mongolia that lived during the Late Cretaceous period. It contains only one known species, ''Halszkaraptor escuilliei''. The type specimen (holotype) has been compared to the bones of extant crocodilians and aquatic birds, and found evidence of a semiaquatic lifestyle, while some researchers question about semiaquatic ecology. A phylogenetic analysis revealed it was a member of the basal subfamily Halszkaraptorinae, along with ''Mahakala'' and ''Hulsanpes''. History of discovery The holotype specimen of ''Halszkaraptor'' likely came from the Djadochta Formation at Ukhaa Tolgod in southern Mongolia, and was illegally removed by fossil poachers. The fossil found its way to Japan and Great Britain, being owned by several collectors for some years until the Eldonia company of fossil dealer François Escuillié obtained it. He identified it as a new species, and in 2015 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unenlagiidae
Unenlagiidae is a proposed family of eumaniraptoran paravians that includes the subfamilies Unenlagiinae and possibly Halszkaraptorinae. Fossils of both subfamilies have been found in both Gondwanan and Laurasian deposits. The biology of the group suggests that some members were semiaquatic specialists. Classification The family Unenlagiidae traditionally includes the same members as the previously named subfamily of Dromaeosauridae, Unenlagiinae, so Unenlagiidae was often seen as a synonym of Dromaeosauridae. However, since the 2010s, there have been subsequent studies that have questioned this placement, necessitating the revival of the family name. Some have placed unenlagiids as outside Dromaeosauridae, being the sister taxon or closely related to Avialae, while others have placed the newly recognized halszkaraptorines in the family, as basal deinonychosaurs outside Dromaeosauridae and Troodontidae Troodontidae is a clade of bird-like theropod dinosaurs. During most o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natovenator
''Natovenator'' is a genus of halszkaraptorine dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Barun Goyot Formation of Mongolia. The genus is known from a single species, '' N. polydontus''. ''Natovenator'' is crucial to the understanding of halszkaraptorines due to it providing more support for the semi-aquatic lifestyle that has been proposed for this clade. This discovery is important as the semi-aquatic lifestyles of halszkaraptorines (mainly ''Halszkaraptor'') was contested in early 2022. Discovery and naming The ''Natovenator'' holotype specimen, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, MPC-D 102/114, was found in sediments of the Barun Goyot Formation of Omnogovi Province, Mongolia. It consists of a mostly articulated skeleton with a nearly complete skull. In 2022, ''Natovenator polydontus'' was Species description, described as a new genus and species of halszkaraptorine theropod dinosaurs by Sungjin Lee, Yuong-Nam Lee, Philip J. Currie, Robin Sissons, Jin-Young Park, Su-Hwan Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deinonychosauria
Deinonychosauria is a clade of paravian dinosaurs which lived from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous periods. Fossils have been found across the globe in North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, South America, and Antarctica,Case, J.A., Martin, J.E., and Reguero, M. (2007). "A dromaeosaur from the Maastrichtian of James Ross Island and the Late Cretaceous Antarctic dinosaur fauna." Pp. 1–4 in Cooper, A., Raymond, C., and Team, I.E. (eds.), ''Antarctica: a Keystone in a Changing World – Online Proceedings for the Tenth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences'', U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1047, SRP 083. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. with fossilized teeth giving credence to the possibility that they inhabited Australia as well. This group of dinosaurs are known for their sickle-shaped toe claws and features in the shoulder bones. Deinonychosauria is commonly defined as all dinosaurs more closely related to dromaeosaurids (such as ''Dein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahakala Omnogovae
''Mahakala'' ( from संस्कृतम् (''Sanskrit''), named for Mahakala, one of eight protector deities (dharmapalas) in Tibetan Buddhism) is a genus of halszkaraptorine theropod dinosaur from the Campanian-age (about 80 million years ago) Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation of Ömnögovi, Mongolia. It is based on a partial skeleton found in the Gobi Desert. ''Mahakala'' was a small dromaeosaurid, and its skeleton shows features that are also found in early troodontids and avialans. Despite its late appearance, it is among the most basal dromaeosaurids. Its small size, and the small size of other basal deinonychosaurians, suggests that small size appeared before flight capability in birds. Description ''Mahakala'' was a small dromaeosaurid, measuring long and weighing . The holotype specimen, IGM 100/1033, consists of a partial skeleton including skull bones, vertebrae, limb bones, and portions of the pelvis and shoulder girdle. Although this individual was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahakala (dinosaur)
''Mahakala'' ( from संस्कृतम् (''Sanskrit''), named for Mahakala, one of eight protector deities (dharmapalas) in Tibetan Buddhism) is a genus of halszkaraptorine theropod dinosaur from the Campanian-age (about 80 million years ago) Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation of Ömnögovi Province, Ömnögovi, Mongolia. It is based on a partial skeleton found in the Gobi Desert. ''Mahakala'' was a small Dromaeosauridae, dromaeosaurid, and its skeleton shows features that are also found in early troodontidae, troodontids and avialae, avialans. Despite its late appearance, it is among the most basal dromaeosaurids. Its small size, and the small size of other basal deinonychosaurians, suggests that small size appeared before flight capability in birds. Description ''Mahakala'' was a small dromaeosaurid, measuring long and weighing . The holotype specimen, Mongolian Institute of Geology, IGM 100/1033, consists of a partial skeleton including skull bones, vertebrae, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Paleontology is the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are usually considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years old to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before print. The observation in the 19th century that certain fossils were associated with certain rock strata led to the recognition of a geological timescale and the relative ages of different fossils. The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century allowed scientists to quantitatively measure the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
