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Haddon Tunnel
Haddon Tunnel was built by the Midland Railway in 1863 when extending the Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midlands Junction Railway from Rowsley to Buxton in Derbyshire, England. The tunnel was constructed to hide the railway from the view of the Duke of Rutland where the line passed Haddon Hall. The tunnel rises towards Bakewell on a gradient of 1:102, is long and was mostly built by the cut and cover method. It was built with five ventilation shafts, one was the full width of the double-track tunnel, the deepest was . It was on the Midland Railway's (later London, Midland and Scottish Railway) main line between London and Manchester. The line was closed in 1968 but the tunnel survives; Peak Rail has plans to reopen the line and tunnel on its intended extension to Bakewell. History Construction In the 1860s, the Midland Railway built its Buxton branch line through the Peak District; the route crossed the Haddon Hall estate which was owned by Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haddon Tunnel Portal (geograph 2591264)
Haddon may refer to: Places *Haddon, Victoria, Australia, a township *Haddon, Cambridgeshire, England, a village and civil parish *Haddon Hill, Somerset, England, a ridge * Haddon, Gauteng, South Africa, a suburb of Johannesburg *Haddon Township, Sullivan County, Indiana, United States *Haddon Township, New Jersey, United States *Haddon Bay, Joinville Island, Antarctica *Haddon, Derbyshire, an ancient settlement, see Haddon Hall People *Haddon (surname) *Haddon (given name) See also *East Haddon, Northamptonshire *Nether Haddon, Derbyshire *Over Haddon, Derbyshire *West Haddon, Northamptonshire *Haddon Tunnel, Derbyshire *Haddon Hall (other) *Haddon Matrix The Haddon Matrix is the most commonly used paradigm in the injury prevention field. Developed by William Haddon in 1970, the matrix looks at factors related to personal attributes, vector or agent attributes and environmental attributes; before, ... * Hadden {{disambiguation, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pit Prop
A pit prop or mine prop (British and American usage, respectively) is a length of lumber used to prop up the roofs of tunnels in coal mines. Canada traditionally supplied pit props to the British market. As coal mining declined in importance and metal supports were used, the term became infrequently used. Though it was merely a log cut to a particular length, it was classified as a finished product and so got around the extra Canadian tariffs on the export of raw lumber. Because of the large quantities exported, it is probable many ended up in British pulp mills. Most pit props were made from the wood of spruce A spruce is a tree of the genus ''Picea'' (), a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth. ''Picea'' is the sole genus in the subfami ... trees. References Coal mining {{mining-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
West Coast Main Line
The West Coast Main Line (WCML) is one of the most important railway corridors in the United Kingdom, connecting the major cities of London and Glasgow with branches to Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester and Edinburgh. It is one of the busiest mixed-traffic railway routes in Europe, carrying a mixture of intercity rail, regional rail, commuter rail and rail freight traffic. The core route of the WCML runs from London to Glasgow for and was opened from 1837 to 1869. With additional lines deviating to Northampton, Birmingham, Manchester, Liverpool and Edinburgh, this totals a route mileage of . The Glasgow–Edinburgh via Carstairs line connects the WCML to Edinburgh, however the main London–Edinburgh route is the East Coast Main Line. Several sections of the WCML form part of the suburban railway systems in London, Coventry, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester and Glasgow, with many more smaller commuter stations, as well as providing links to more rural towns. It is one of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beeching Cuts
The Beeching cuts (also Beeching Axe) was a plan to increase the efficiency of the nationalised British Rail, railway system in Great Britain. The plan was outlined in two reports: ''The Reshaping of British Railways'' (1963) and ''The Development of the Major Railway Trunk Routes'' (1965), written by Richard Beeching and published by the British Railways Board. The first report identified 2,363 stations and of railway line for closure, amounting to 55% of stations, 30% of route miles, and 67,700 British Rail positions, with an objective of stemming the large losses being incurred during a period of increasing competition from road transport and reducing the rail subsidies necessary to keep the network running. The second report identified a small number of major routes for significant investment. The 1963 report also recommended some less well-publicised changes, including a switch to the now-standard practice of containerisation for rail freight, and the replacement of some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hassop
Hassop is a village in the local government district of Derbyshire Dales in Derbyshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Great Longstone It developed around a number of lead mines, with such names as "The Brightside", "Backdale", "Harry Bruce", "Waterhole" and "Whitecoe", which lasted until the mid-nineteenth century. The local landowners were the Eyre family of Padley, who built Hassop Hall. In 1643 they defended the house against the Parliamentarians. Manholes in the floor of the cellar are reputed to allow entrance to a former lead-mine under the Hall. Hassop Hall was extensively rebuilt in Classical style between 1827 and 1833. It is now a private hotel. The Church of All Saints was built in 1816-18 for the Eyre family.Pevsner, Nikolaus. 1986. ''The Buildings of England:Derbyshire''. pp 104-105. Harmondsworth, Middx. Penguin. Hassop railway station was about two miles south of the village, built by the Manchester, Buxton, Matlock and Midlands Junction Railway in 186 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
St Katherine's Church, Rowsley
St Katherine's Church, Rowsley is a Grade II listed parish church in the Church of England in Rowsley, Derbyshire. History The foundation stone was laid on 29 May 1854 by John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland, who laid coins of every value, from a sovereign to half a farthing, in the foundations. The church was built to the designs of the architect Anthony Salvin. It was dedicated to St Catherine, after the name and in honour of the late Lady Manners. The church was consecrated by the Bishop of Lichfield on 18 July 1855. In 1862 a mortuary chapel was erected to contain a monument erected to the late Lady John Manners, the first wife of John Manners, 7th Duke of Rutland. The figures were carved of white statuary, the columns of russet marble, and the other portions of Darley Dale stone. It was executed under the superintendence of Anthony Salvin, the figure executed by William Calder Marshall, and the sculpture and architectural part of the monument by J. Forsyth of Hemsptead Road, Lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Key Stone
Keystone or key-stone or ''variation'', may refer to: * Keystone (architecture), a central stone or other piece at the apex of an arch or vault * Keystone (cask), a fitting used in ale casks Business * Keystone Law, a full-service law firm * Digital Keystone, a developer of digital entertainment software * Keystone Aircraft Corporation * Keystone Bridge Company, an American bridge building company * Keystone (beer brand) * Keystone Camera Company * Keystone (gasoline automobile) * Keystone (steam automobile) * Keystone Pipeline, a crude oil pipeline * Keystone-SDA/Keystone-ATS, a Swiss press agency * Keystone View Company, a US photo agency * Keystone (Berkeley, California), a defunct music club Entertainment * ''Keystone'' (video game), part of the Xbox Live Arcade title ''Fable 2 Pub Games'' * Keystone (band), led by jazz trumpeter Dave Douglas ** ''Keystone'' (album), a 2005 album by the band * Keystone Cops, a silent movie series * '' Keystone Kapers'', a classic A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Slide
Landslides, also known as landslips, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated slope failures, mudflows, and debris flows. Landslides occur in a variety of environments, characterized by either steep or gentle slope gradients, from mountain ranges to coastal cliffs or even underwater, in which case they are called submarine landslides. Gravity is the primary driving force for a landslide to occur, but there are other factors affecting slope stability that produce specific conditions that make a slope prone to failure. In many cases, the landslide is triggered by a specific event (such as a heavy rainfall, an earthquake, a slope cut to build a road, and many others), although this is not always identifiable. Causes Landslides occur when the slope (or a portion of it) undergoes some processes that change its condition from stable to unstable. This is essentially due to a decrease in the shear strength of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clay
Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2 Si2 O5( OH)4). Clays develop plasticity when wet, due to a molecular film of water surrounding the clay particles, but become hard, brittle and non–plastic upon drying or firing. Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impurities, such as a reddish or brownish colour from small amounts of iron oxide. Clay is the oldest known ceramic material. Prehistoric humans discovered the useful properties of clay and used it for making pottery. Some of the earliest pottery shards have been dated to around 14,000 BC, and clay tablets were the first known writing medium. Clay is used in many modern industrial processes, such as paper making, cement production, and chemical filtering. Between one-half and two-thirds of the world's population live or work in buildings made with clay, often ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limestone
Limestone ( calcium carbonate ) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime. It is composed mostly of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of . Limestone forms when these minerals precipitate out of water containing dissolved calcium. This can take place through both biological and nonbiological processes, though biological processes, such as the accumulation of corals and shells in the sea, have likely been more important for the last 540 million years. Limestone often contains fossils which provide scientists with information on ancient environments and on the evolution of life. About 20% to 25% of sedimentary rock is carbonate rock, and most of this is limestone. The remaining carbonate rock is mostly dolomite, a closely related rock, which contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite, . ''Magnesian limestone'' is an obsolete and poorly-defined term used variously for dolomite, for limes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shale
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2 Si2 O5( OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite.Blatt, Harvey and Robert J. Tracy (1996) ''Petrology: Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic'', 2nd ed., Freeman, pp. 281–292 Shale is characterized by its tendency to split into thin layers ( laminae) less than one centimeter in thickness. This property is called '' fissility''. Shale is the most common sedimentary rock. The term ''shale'' is sometimes applied more broadly, as essentially a synonym for mudrock, rather than in the more narrow sense of clay-rich fissile mudrock. Texture Shale typically exhibits varying degrees of fissility. Because of the parallel orientation of clay mineral flakes in shale, it breaks into thin layers, often splintery and usually parallel to the otherwise indistinguishable beddin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
