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Hôpital Australien De Paris
The Hôpital Australien de Paris also known as the Australian Hospital in Paris was a French military hospital founded and staffed predominantly by Australian women during World War I. History After war broke out in 1914, Helen Sexton, who was travelling in England, offered her surgical services to the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC). She offered to pay all of her expenses. However, the RAMC refused to enlist her. Sexton returned to Australia on the RMS Moldavia, arriving in early February 1915. Sexton approached the Australian Government, and offered to equip a hospital unit and staff it with women. The government declined her offer. They only allowed unmarried, trained nurses to enlist. They put a notice in the newspapers stating that women doctors would not be accepted for active service. She then spent four months gathering resources such as medical equipment and clothing, and raising money. Sexton recruited staff which included a nurse Susan Smith and her two daughters Ali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Army
The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (french: Armée de Terre, ), is the land-based and largest component of the French Armed Forces. It is responsible to the Government of France, along with the other components of the Armed Forces. The current Chief of Staff of the French Army (CEMAT) is General , a direct subordinate of the Chief of the Defence Staff (CEMA). General Schill is also responsible to the Ministry of the Armed Forces for organization, preparation, use of forces, as well as planning and programming, equipment and Army future acquisitions. For active service, Army units are placed under the authority of the Chief of the Defence Staff (CEMA), who is responsible to the President of France for planning for, and use of forces. All French soldiers are considered professionals, following the suspension of French military conscription, voted in parliament in 1997 and made effective in 2001. , the French Army employed 118,600 personnel (including the Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helen Sexton
Hannah Mary Helen Sexton MBBS (21 June 1862 – 12 October 1950), known as Helen Sexton, was an Australian surgeon. In 1887, she led a group of seven women to successfully petition the University of Melbourne to lift their ban on women enrolling in medicine. She completed her degree in 1892, and went on to co-found the Queen Victoria Hospital. After retiring from a surgical career in Melbourne, she opened a field hospital, Hôpital Australien de Paris, in France during World War I, achieving the rank of Major in the French Army. Early life Hannah Mary Helen Sexton was born on 21 June 1862 in Melbourne. She was the youngest of five children born to Maria and Daniel Sexton, who had migrated from Limerick, Ireland, in 1854. Education Sexton attended school in the suburb of Carlton and planned to study medicine, but instead began a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Melbourne because the university's medical school did not admit women. After having their applications to enrol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Army Medical Corps
The Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) is a specialist corps in the British Army which provides medical services to all Army personnel and their families, in war and in peace. The RAMC, the Royal Army Veterinary Corps, the Royal Army Dental Corps and Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps form the Army Medical Services. History Origins Medical services in the British armed services date from the formation of the Standing Regular Army after the Restoration of Charles II in 1660. Prior to this, from as early as the 13th century there are records of surgeons and physicians being appointed by the English army to attend in times of war; but this was the first time a career was provided for a Medical Officer (MO), both in peacetime and in war. For much of the next two hundred years, army medical provision was mostly arranged on a regimental basis, with each battalion arranging its own hospital facilities and medical supplies. An element of oversight was provided by the appointment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Border Watch
''The Border Watch'' is an Australian newspaper based in Mount Gambier, South Australia, as of October 2020 owned by TBW Today Pty Ltd. The paper services Mount Gambier, the South Australian Limestone Coast, and parts of Western Victoria. It is the oldest and largest regional newspaper in South Australia. After 159 years of publishing the newspaper (along with sister publications '' The Pennant'' and the '' South Eastern Times'') was briefly discontinued on 21 August 2020. However, ''The Border Watch'' resumed operation, under a consortium of new publishing owners, in an initial weekly format on 16 October 2020. History ''The Border Watch'' was first published on 26 April 1861 by proprietor and editor Andrew Frederick Laurie (1843–1920), aided by his brother Park Laurie (1846–1928) and their mother, the widow of the Rev. Alexander Laurie, first Presbyterian minister of nearby Portland, Victoria. It started as a 4-page, single broadsheet weekly in Gambierton, as Mount Gambie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suzanne Caubet (philanthropist)
Suzanne Caubet (September 27, 1898 – June 1980), also known as Suzanne Caubaye, was a French actress, singer, and writer. Early life Suzanne Caubet was born in Lévignac to French parents. She was raised in Paris, and knew her godmother Sarah Bernhardt through her father Prospere Caubet and uncle, Georges Deneubourg, both actors. She was a child actor and traveled with Bernhardt's company to the United States, where Caubet stayed after 1919. Career Caubet was based in New York as an actress. "Miss Caudet has the distinct advantage of being a striking brunette," the New York Times observed of her appearance in 1919. She appeared on Broadway in ''Du Theatre au Champ D'Honneur'' (1917), ''Easy Terms'' (1925), ''The Squall'' (1926-1927), ''Ringside'' (1928), ''Seven'' (1929-1930), ''The Plutocrat'' (1930), ''Dancing Partner'' (1930), ''The Great Barrington'' (1931), ''Angeline Moves In'' (1932), ''Singapore'' (1932), ''The Monster'' (1933), ''Another Love'' (1934), ''Broadway Int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Val-de-Grâce
The (' or ') was a military hospital located at in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. It was closed as a hospital in 2016. History The church of the was built by order of Queen Anne of Austria, wife of Louis XIII. After the birth of her son Louis XIV, Anne (previously childless after 23 years of marriage) showed her gratitude to the Virgin Mary by building a church on the land of a Benedictine convent. Louis XIV himself is said to have laid the cornerstone for the in a ceremony that took place April 1, 1645, when he was seven years old. The church of the Val-de-Grâce, designed by and , is considered by some as Paris's best example of baroque architecture (curving lines, elaborate ornamentation, and harmony of different elements). Construction began in 1645, and was completed in 1667. The Benedictine nuns provided medical care for injured revolutionaries during the French Revolution, and thus the church at was spared much of the desecration and vandalism that plag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charlotte Crivelli
Charlotte Crivelli (born Marie Louise Charlotte Duret, 24 June 1863 – 30 March 1956) was a French Australian philanthropist who was known commonly as Madame Crivelli. She founded the French Red Cross Society of Victoria, which raised funds for the hospitals and other charities in Europe during World War I. She also established the After-War Relief Society for France after the signing of the Armistice, to raise money for rebuilding areas of France ravaged by war. Early life Crivelli was born in Arrou (near Chartres) to Marie Joséphine Amiclia Amic (1837–1922) and Charles Duret (1829–1896). When Crivelli was 5 in 1896 the family moved to Melbourne. When Crivelli was in her late teens and early twenties, she studied arts and crafts with Berthe Mouchette, who was the founder of the Melbourne Alliance Française. In 1887 Crivelli married Marcel Urbain Crivelli, and over the next two decades they had seven children. Career In 1902, Crivelli became a committee member of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weekly Times
The Herald and Weekly Times Pty Ltd (HWT) is a newspaper publishing company based in Melbourne, Australia. It is owned and operated by News Pty Ltd, which as News Ltd, purchased the HWT in 1987. Newspapers The HWT's newspaper interests date back to 1840 and the launch of ''The Port Phillip Herald''. The company publishes the morning daily tabloid ''Herald Sun'', which was created in 1990 from a merger of the company's morning tabloid paper, ''The Sun News-Pictorial'', with its afternoon broadsheet paper, '' The Herald''. ''The Herald'' had a 150-year history, and ''The Sun News-Pictorial'' a 68-year history, in Melbourne. The HWT had bought ''The Sun News-Pictorial'' in 1925. The HWT also publishes ''The Weekly Times'', aimed at farmers and rural business. The HWT bought a controlling stake in '' The Advertiser'' of Adelaide in 1929. From 1929 until 1987, HWT owned and operated Melbourne radio station 3DB. In 1929, 3DB along with 3UZ participated in experimental television ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Globe And Sunday Times War Pictorial
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with pronouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of pronoun ''thee'') when followed by a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Herald (Melbourne)
''The Herald'' was a morning and, later, evening broadsheet newspaper published in Melbourne, Australia, from 3 January 1840 to 5 October 1990, which is when it merged with its sister morning newspaper ''The Sun News-Pictorial'' to form the ''Herald-Sun''. Founding The ''Port Phillip Herald'' was first published as a semi-weekly newspaper on 3 January 1840 from a weatherboard shack in Collins Street. It was the fourth newspaper to start in Melbourne. The paper took its name from the region it served. Until its establishment as a separate colony in 1851, the area now known as Victoria was a part of New South Wales and it was generally referred to as the Port Phillip district. Preceding it was the short-lived ''Melbourne Advertiser'' which John Pascoe Fawkner first produced on 1 January 1838 as hand-written editions for 10 weeks and then printed for a further 17 weekly issues, the ''Port Phillip Gazette'' and ''The Port Phillip Patriot and Melbourne Advertiser''. But within ei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medal Of French Gratitude
The Medal of French Gratitude (french: "Médaille de la Reconnaissance française") was a French honour medal created on 13 July 1917 and solely awarded to civilians. The medal was created to express gratitude by the French government to all those who, without legal or military obligation, had come to the aid of the injured, disabled, refugees, or who had performed an act of exceptional dedication in the presence of the enemy during the First World War. The creation of this distinction was mainly the result of unsuccessful offensives of General Nivelle in 1917 and the serious crisis of confidence in France. The French government thus wanted to thank those who, despite the crisis, were always volunteering. It has three classes: bronze, silver, and gold. Nearly 15,000 people and communities were recipients of this award. The medal is no longer awarded, the last award was on 14 February 1959. Award statute The Medal of French Gratitude was awarded following World War I to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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