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Hungarian Commercial Bank Of Pest
The Hungarian Commercial Bank of Pest ( hu, Pesti Magyar Kereskedelmi Bank, PMKB, occasionally referred to simply as "Commercial Bank") was Hungary's first modern bank, established in 1840–1841. It was nationalized in the early Communist era and repurposed in 1950 as the Hungarian Trade Bank ( hu, Magyar Külkereskedelmi Bank, MKB), later known as MKB Bank. History Beginnings In 1830, a group of prominent merchants in Pest, Hungary, Pest, including Jewish traders such as Sámuel Wodianer and Izrael Baumgarten, gathered under the leadership of and applied for the establishment of a commercial bank. One of the arguments was that the Austro-Hungarian Bank, Austrian National Bank had not used its rights to open bank branches in the cities of Hungary; it was emphasized that the new institution would not abridge the rights of the Austrian National Bank. Following a very protracted approval process, the requested patent was eventually granted in 1838, and after further obstacles t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Länderbank
The Länderbank, full original name k. k. privilegierte Österreichische Länderbank () was a major Austrian bank, created in 1880. In 1922 its head office was moved to Paris under the name Banque des Pays de l'Europe Centrale (BPEC, german: Zentral-Europäische Länderbank, ), even though its activity remained overwhelmingly in the Austrian operations. After the 1938 Anschluss the latter came under control of Dresdner Bank by the name Länderbank Wien. It was nationalized in 1946, renamed Österreichische Länderbank AG in 1948, and eventually merged in 1991 with Vienna's Zentralsparkasse to form Bank Austria, which in turn has been a subsidiary of UniCredit since 2005. Habsburg era The Länderbank was founded on as a part-owned subsidiary of Paris-based Union Générale, first chaired by Galician aristocrat . Union Generale's promoter intended it as a conservative Catholic project against the financial power of the Jewish Rothschild family which led Austria-Hungary's large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Croatian Savings Bank
The First Croatian Savings Bank ( hr, Prva hrvatska štedionica, german: Erste kroatische Sparkasse) was a significant Croatian bank headquartered in Zagreb. The bank was founded in 1846 and liquidated in 1945. It has been described as "the first modern credit institution in Zagreb" and "one of the most significant financial institutions in Croatia's banking history". History Habsburg era The First Croatian Savings Bank was created on March 4, 1846, in Zagreb, on the basis of Imperial Austrian legislation of 1844 that facilitated the establishment of savings banks. It followed precedents such as the Erste österreichische Spar-casse in Vienna (1819) and the First National Savings Bank of Pest (1839-40). Its founders included Ljudevit Gaj, Dimitrija Demeter, Antun Mažuranić, , , and . The latter became the bank's first president. The shareholders were mostly merchants of Gradec, which five years later merged with its sister town of Kaptol to form the city of Zagreb. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Industrial And Commercial Bank
The Hungarian Industrial & Commercial Bank (Hungarian: Magyar Ipar-és Kereskedelmi Bank) was an important Hungarian bank in the late 19th and early 20th century. It was a mediocre bank until the appointment of István Tisza, a prominent businessman and politician, as its president. Under his direction, it became the largest bank in Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ... within a decade. Banks of Hungary {{hungary-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Discount And Exchange Bank
The Hungarian Discount and Exchange Bank ( hu, Magyar Leszámítoló és Pénzváltó Bank, MLPB, occasionally referred to simply as "Discount Bank") was a significant Hungarian bank, established in Budapest in 1869. It was nationalized in 1947–1949, together with the rest of the Hungarian banking sector. Overview The MLPB was originally established as a Hungarian affiliate by the Vienna-based Niederösterreichische Escompte-Gesellschaft, which for that purpose took over the local private banking house of C.J. Malvieux. In 1881, it received further investment from a group of investors formed by Vienna's Unionbank and France's Société Générale and Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas. It expanded into merchant banking in the 1870s and took over several major warehouses in the 1880s. Like other Hungarian universal banks, it took ownership stakes in major utilities and industrial companies. It also participated in the issuance of loans by the Hungarian state and the city of Budap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Mortgage Credit Bank
The Hungarian Mortgage Credit Bank ( hu, Magyar Jelzálog-Hitelbank, occasionally referred to simply as "Mortgage Bank") was a significant Hungarian bank, founded in 1869 in Budapest. By 1913 it was the third-largest bank in the country by total assets, behind the Hungarian Commercial Bank of Pest and the First National Savings Bank of Pest. It was nationalized in 1947–1949, together with the rest of the Hungarian banking sector. In 1881, it received further investment from a group of investors formed by Vienna's Unionbank (Austria), Unionbank and France's Société Générale and Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas. The bank was long led by Hungarian statesman Kálmán Széll. The Mortgage Bank remained among the country's leading banks during the interwar period. Its chairman and CEO from 1918 to 1925 was . Its managing director from 1937 to 1944 was Imre Oltványi, who would become governor of the Hungarian National Bank in the imemdiate postwar era. See also * Austro-Hungarian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian General Credit Bank
The Hungarian General Credit Bank ( hu, Magyar Általános Hitelbank, MÁH, german: Ungarische Allgemeine Kreditbank, also known as Creditbank) was a major bank in Hungary, from its establishment in 1867 by the Rothschild family until its nationalization in 1948. History Background The Rothschild family was involved early on in financing operations in Hungary, including by providing a sixth of the equity capital for the construction of the iconic Széchenyi Chain Bridge and refinancing its cost overruns in the 1840s. In 1857, the Rothschild-sponsored Creditanstalt bank opened a branch in Pest. Austro-Hungarian era The Hungarian General Credit Bank had its shares first traded on the Vienna Stock Exchange on , ahead of its formal registration by the Hungarian Commercial and Exchange Court of Pest on . In 1871, it took over the local branch of Creditanstalt. In 1873, it received a mandate from the recently created finance ministry for a range of transactions, which made it e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First National Savings Bank Of Pest
The First National Savings Bank of Pest (PHET) ( hu, Pesti Hazai Első Takarékpénztár), sometimes translated as ''First Domestic Savings Bank'' or referred to simply as ''First Savings Bank'', was a major Hungarian bank that was established in 1839–1840 and was eventually nationalized in 1948, together with its universal banking affiliate ''Hazai Bank'', established in 1895. It was one of the three largest banks in Hungary in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, together with the Hungarian Commercial Bank of Pest and the Hungarian General Credit Bank. History Creation and early development The decision to create the First Savings Bank was made by the Pest municipal authorities in 1839, following advocacy by prominent local figures such as András Fáy. It started operations on , initially in two small rooms of Pest County Hall. Lajos Kossuth and István Széchenyi were among its 326 original backers. In 1844 it was converted from an association to a joint-stock ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Gold Train
The Hungarian Gold Train was the German-operated train during World War II that carried stolen valuables, mostly Hungarian Jews' property, from Hungary towards Berlin in 1945. After American forces seized and looted the train in Austria, almost none of the valuables were returned to Hungary, their rightful owners, or their surviving family members. History Background With the Soviet Army about away from Hungary, on March 7, 1944, Adolf Hitler launched Operation Margarethe—the invasion of Hungary. The Arrow Cross Party – Hungary's fascist government, led by Ferenc Szálasi – collaborated with their German occupiers in forcing the estimated 800,000 Jewish citizens of Hungary to hand over all of their valuables to government officials. This included gems, gold jewelry, wedding rings, and anything else considered to be of high monetary value. The confiscated property was placed into individual bags and boxes which identified the owners, and receipts were issued. The majority o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Jewish Laws
Anti-Jewish laws have been a common occurrence throughout Jewish history. Examples of such laws include special Jewish quotas, Jewish taxes and Jewish "disabilities". Some were adopted in the 1930s and 1940s in Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy and exported to the European Axis powers and puppet states. Such legislation generally defined Jews, deprived them of a variety of civil, political, and economic rights, and laid the groundwork for expropriation, deportation, and ultimately the Holocaust. Earlier 20th century Nazi Germany The 1933 Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service excluded all "non-Aryans", including those who had even just one Jewish grandparent (in contrast to the way the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 regarded such people, as "quarter-Jews ("Vierteljuden")) from the civil service. In 1935, the Nazis passed the Nuremberg Laws which forbid Jews from citizenship and prohibited sexual relations and marriages between Jews and "Aryans". The total number of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Savings Account, Pesti Magyar Kereskedelmi Bank
Wealth is the abundance of valuable financial assets or physical possessions which can be converted into a form that can be used for transactions. This includes the core meaning as held in the originating Old English word , which is from an Indo-European word stem. The modern concept of wealth is of significance in all areas of economics, and clearly so for growth economics and development economics, yet the meaning of wealth is context-dependent. An individual possessing a substantial net worth is known as ''wealthy''. Net worth is defined as the current value of one's assets less liabilities (excluding the principal in trust accounts). At the most general level, economists may define wealth as "the total of anything of value" that captures both the subjective nature of the idea and the idea that it is not a fixed or static concept. Various definitions and concepts of wealth have been asserted by various individuals and in different contexts.Denis "Authentic Development: Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samu Stern
Samu Stern ( hu, Stern Samu; 5 January 1874 – 8 June 1946) was a businessman, banker, advisor to the royal court, and head of Hungary's Neolog Jewish Community from 1929 to 1945. After the March 1944 German occupation, Stern was a member of the German-created Jewish Council ( Judenrat, Zsidó tanács) along with Orthodox Community leader Pinchas Freudiger. The Jewish Council was among recipients of the Vrba–Wetzler report, also known as the Auschwitz Protocols, the Auschwitz Report. It detailed the atrocities in Auschwitz. Much like Rezső Kasztner (aka Rudolf), members of the Jewish Council failed to publicize the atrocities and warn the Jews of Hungary of their fate. Although Stern supported Jewish causes, he received criticism for dealing willingly with the German occupying authorities and their Hungarian collaborators.http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%206047.pdf Early life Samu Stern was born into a Neolog Jewish farming family in Nemesszaló ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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