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Hudson Township, Charlevoix County, Michigan
Hudson Township is a civil township of Charlevoix County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 691 at the 2010 census. Communities *Thumb Lake is a former settlement located within the township on the eastern shores of Thumb Lake. It began as a lumbering settlement in 1882, and local grocer James Waggoner served as the first postmaster when the post office opened on September 25, 1882. It was given a train station named Thumb Lake Junction along the Boyne City & Southeastern Railroad. The post office is no longer in operation. Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and (3.27%) is water. Thumb Lake is located within Hudson Township. Major highways * is a county-designated highway that runs west–east through the northern portion of the township. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 639 people, 229 households, and 179 families residing in the township. The population density Popula ...
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Civil Township
A civil township is a widely used unit of local government in the United States that is subordinate to a county, most often in the northern and midwestern parts of the country. The term town is used in New England, New York, and Wisconsin to refer to the equivalent of the civil township in these states; Minnesota uses "town" officially but often uses it and "township" interchangeably. Specific responsibilities and the degree of autonomy vary based on each state. Civil townships are distinct from survey townships, but in states that have both, the boundaries often coincide and may completely geographically subdivide a county. The U.S. Census Bureau classifies civil townships as minor civil divisions. Currently, there are 20 states with civil townships. Township functions are generally overseen by a governing board (the name varies from state to state) and a clerk, trustee, or mayor (in New Jersey and the metro townships of Utah). Township officers frequently include justice of ...
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Thumb Lake
Thumb Lake, also known as Lake Louise by the "Lake Louise Camp" community, is a kettle lake located in Hudson Township, Charlevoix County, Michigan. The epithet ''Thumb Lake'' derives from the lake's bathymetry. An islet protrudes from the lake's west basin. The total surface area of the lake is , with maximum depths of . The misnomer "Lake Louise" comes from a former Camp director who wanted to rename the lake after his wife. The lake is nestled in the highlands east of the village of Boyne Falls, centered at , and is surrounded by wooded hills. Because of its depth and the dearth of run-off into the lake, its waters are exceptionally clear. The lake is inhabited by splake, a stocked hybrid species (lake trout and brook trout), rainbow trout, yellow perch, smallmouth bass, northern pike, largemouth bass, smelt, and other panfish. Public access is available on the eastern shore of the lake in the form of a park with swimming beach, and on the southwestern shore in the form of ...
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Vanderbilt Area Schools
Vanderbilt may refer to: People *Vanderbilt (surname) *Vanderbilt family Places In the United States: * Vanderbilt, California, a former gold-mining town *Vanderbilt, Michigan, a village * Vanderbilt, Nevada, a ghost town * Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site, Hyde Park, NY * Vanderbilt, Texas, a census-designated place *Vanderbilt, Pennsylvania, a borough *Vanderbilt Avenue, three New York City streets *Vanderbilt University, a private research university in Nashville, Tennessee, USA **Vanderbilt Commodores, the athletics program of Vanderbilt University *Vanderbilt Museum, in Centerport, New York, built with a bequest from William Kissam Vanderbilt II Other uses * One Vanderbilt, a skyscraper in New York City *Vanderbilt Club, a bidding system in the game of contract bridge, devised by Harold S. Vanderbilt *Vanderbilt Cup, in American auto racing * George Vanderbilt Sumatran Expedition *Vanderbilt Mortgage and Finance, specializes in mortgages for manufactured homes *Vand ...
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Boyne Valley Township, Michigan
Boyne Valley Township is a civil township of Charlevoix County, Michigan, Charlevoix County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 1,195 at the 2010 United States census, 2010 census. The township was established in 1873 and contains the village of Boyne Falls, Michigan, Boyne Falls and Boyne Mountain Resort. Communities *Boyne Falls, Michigan, Boyne Falls is an incorporated village located in the center of the township at . *Cushman is a former community located along the Boyne City Railroad, where a railway station was built in 1893. The station served as a stopover between the Doyle and Moore stations. *Doyle's Siding is a former settlement that existed along the Boyne City Railroad about southeast of Boyne City, Michigan, Boyne City. A station named Doyle was built here in 1894 to help transport the area's plentiful supply of lumber. *Moore is a former settlement along a railway station on the Boyne City Railroad. The Moore station served as a connector route to ...
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Boyne Falls Public School District
Boyne is a variation of Bóinn or Boann, Irish goddess of the River Boyne. Boyne may also refer to: Places * Boyne Castle, a ruined castle in Aberdeenshire, Scotland * Boyne City, Michigan, a town in Charlevoix County in the U.S. state of Michigan * Boyne Falls, Michigan, a village in Charlevoix County in the U.S. state of Michigan * Boyne Island, Queensland, mainland town in Queensland, Australia, on the west bank of the Boyne River * Boyne River (other) * Boyne Valley, Queensland, rural locality in the Gladstone Region of Queensland, Australia, comprising the towns of Builyan, Many Peaks, Nagoorin, and Ubobo * Boyne Public School, a JK–8 public school in Milton, Ontario, Canada * Boyne, a name for the headquarters of Zion Christian Church, South Africa People * Gil Boyne (1924–2010), American hypnotherapist * John Boyne (b. 1971), Irish novelist * Peter Boyne (b. 1944), Australian Rules footballer who played for the Collingwood Football Club * Walter J. Boyne ( ...
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Poverty Line
The poverty threshold, poverty limit, poverty line or breadline is the minimum level of income deemed adequate in a particular country. The poverty line is usually calculated by estimating the total cost of one year's worth of necessities for the average adult.Poverty Lines – Martin Ravallion, in The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition, London: Palgrave Macmillan The cost of housing, such as the rent for an apartment, usually makes up the largest proportion of this estimate, so economists track the real estate market and other housing cost indicators as a major influence on the poverty line. Individual factors are often used to account for various circumstances, such as whether one is a parent, elderly, a child, married, etc. The poverty threshold may be adjusted annually. In practice, like the definition of poverty, the official or common understanding of the poverty line is significantly higher in developed countries than in developing countries. In October 20 ...
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Per Capita Income
Per capita income (PCI) or total income measures the average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. It is calculated by dividing the area's total income by its total population. Per capita income is national income divided by population size. Per capita income is often used to measure a sector's average income and compare the wealth of different populations. Per capita income is also often used to measure a country's standard of living. It is usually expressed in terms of a commonly used international currency such as the euro or United States dollar, and is useful because it is widely known, is easily calculable from readily available gross domestic product (GDP) and population estimates, and produces a useful statistic for comparison of wealth between sovereign territories. This helps to ascertain a country's development status. It is one of the three measures for calculating the Human Development Index of a country. Per ...
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Marriage
Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognized union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws. It is considered a cultural universal, but the definition of marriage varies between cultures and religions, and over time. Typically, it is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned. In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity. A marriage ceremony is called a wedding. Individuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, and religious purposes. Whom they marry may be influenced by gender, socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice, and individual desire. In some areas of the world, arrang ...
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Native American (U
Native Americans or Native American may refer to: Ethnic groups * Indigenous peoples of the Americas, the pre-Columbian peoples of North and South America and their descendants * Native Americans in the United States * Indigenous peoples in Canada ** First Nations in Canada, Canadian indigenous peoples neither Inuit nor Métis ** Inuit, an indigenous people of the mainland and insular Bering Strait, northern coast, Labrador, Greenland, and Canadian Arctic Archipelago regions ** Métis in Canada, peoples of Canada originating from both indigenous (First Nations or Inuit) and European ancestry * Indigenous peoples of Costa Rica * Indigenous peoples of Mexico * Indigenous peoples of South America ** Indigenous peoples in Argentina ** Indigenous peoples in Bolivia ** Indigenous peoples in Brazil ** Indigenous peoples in Chile ** Indigenous peoples in Colombia ** Indigenous peoples in Ecuador ** Indigenous peoples in Peru ** Indigenous peoples in Suriname ** Indigenous peoples in ...
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African American (U
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of enslaved Africans who are from the United States. While some Black immigrants or their children may also come to identify as African-American, the majority of first generation immigrants do not, preferring to identify with their nation of origin. African Americans constitute the second largest racial group in the U.S. after White Americans, as well as the third largest ethnic group after Hispanic and Latino Americans. Most African Americans are descendants of enslaved people within the boundaries of the present United States. On average, African Americans are of West/ Central African with some European descent; some also have Native American and other ancestry. According to U.S. Census Bureau data, African immigrants generally do not ...
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White (U
White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no hue). It is the color of objects such as snow, chalk, and milk, and is the opposite of black. White objects fully reflect and scatter all the visible wavelengths of light. White on television and computer screens is created by a mixture of red, blue, and green light. The color white can be given with white pigments, especially titanium dioxide. In ancient Egypt and ancient Rome, priestesses wore white as a symbol of purity, and Romans wore white togas as symbols of citizenship. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance a white unicorn symbolized chastity, and a white lamb sacrifice and purity. It was the royal color of the kings of France, and of the monarchist movement that opposed the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War (1917–1922). Greek and Roman temples were faced with white marble, and beginning in the 18th century, with the advent of neoclassical architecture, white became the most common color of new churches ...
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Population Density
Population density (in agriculture: standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term.Matt RosenberPopulation Density Geography.about.com. March 2, 2011. Retrieved on December 10, 2011. In simple terms, population density refers to the number of people living in an area per square kilometre, or other unit of land area. Biological population densities Population density is population divided by total land area, sometimes including seas and oceans, as appropriate. Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are * Increased problems with locating sexual mates * Increased inbreeding Human densities Population density is the number of people per unit of area, usuall ...
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