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Henry Wenceslaus, Duke Of Oels-Bernstadt
Henry Wenceslaus, Duke of Oels-Bernstadt (also known as: ''Henry Wenceslaus of Poděbrady'', ''Henry Wenceslaus of Bernstadt'' or ''Henry Wenceslaus of Münsterberg'', german: Heinrich Wenzel von Oels und Bernstadt, , or , cz, Hynek Václav z Minstrberka or ; 7 October 1592, probably in Oleśnica – 21 August 1639, probably in Bernstadt) was Duke of Bernstadt from 1617 until his death. He also used the titles of Duke of Münsterberg and Count of Glatz, although he never ruled those territories. From 1629 to 1639 he was Governor of Silesia. Life Henry Wenceslaus was a member of the Münsterberg branch of the noble House of Poděbrady. His parents were Duke Charles II of Münsterberg-Oels and Elisabeth Magdalena (1562–1630), daughter of the Duke George II of Brieg. Henry Wenceslaus was appointed in 1608 as rector of the Viadrina European University in Frankfurt (Oder). Following a Grand Tour through Europe, he was Commissioner for the imperial army of Silesia and Imper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podiebrad Family
The Bohemian Poděbrady family ( cz, Páni z Poděbrad) was a noble family in Bohemia, arising from the Lords of Kunštát. After Boček I of Poděbrady, Boček of Kunštát (d. 1373) had acquired the Lordship of Poděbrady by marriage, he called himself "Boček of Kunštát and Poděbrady". The most prominent member of the family was George of Poděbrady, who was king of Bohemia. His sons were raised to imperial counts and Counts of County of Kladsko, Glatz. They founded the Silesian branch of the family, the Dukes of Duchy of Münsterberg, Dukes of Münsterberg ( cz, Knížata z Minsterberka). History Among the members of Poděbrady and Münsterberg branches of the family were some of the most important political figures in the Kingdom of Bohemia in the 14th through 17th century. Among their possessions were Poděbrady Castle, Poděbrady in central Bohemia and the eastern Bohemian dominions Litice Castle and Lordship of Hummel, Hummel and parts of the territory of the for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Homage (feudal)
Homage (from Medieval Latin , lit. "pertaining to a man") in the Middle Ages was the ceremony in which a feudal tenant or vassal pledged reverence and submission to his feudal lord, receiving in exchange the symbolic title to his new position (investiture). It was a symbolic acknowledgement to the lord that the vassal was, literally, his man (''homme''). The oath known as " fealty" implied lesser obligations than did "homage". Further, one could swear "fealty" to many different overlords with respect to different land holdings, but "homage" could only be performed to a single liege, as one could not be "his man" (i.e., committed to military service) to more than one "liege lord". There have been some conflicts about obligations of homage in history. For example, the Angevin monarchs of England were sovereign in England, i.e., they had no duty of homage regarding those holdings; but they were not sovereign regarding their French holdings. Henry II was king of England, but he wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludwig Petry
Ludwig Petry (b. 3 June 1908 in Alzey, d. 25 November 1991 in Mainz) was a German historian. Petry was born into lawyer's family and grew up in Darmstadt.Petry Ludwig After the he was studying Germans studies, history and history of arts at the . Petry gained PhD in 1932. His thesis was titled ''Die Popplau. Eine Breslauer Kaufmannsfamilie des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of The Romans
King of the Romans ( la, Rex Romanorum; german: König der Römer) was the title used by the king of Germany following his election by the princes from the reign of Henry II (1002–1024) onward. The title originally referred to any German king between his election until his being crowned Emperor by the Pope. The title was also used to designate the successor to the throne elected during the lifetime of a sitting Emperor. From the 16th century onwards, as German kings adopted the title of Emperor-elect and ceased to be crowned by the Pope, the title continued to be used solely for a elected successor to the throne during his predecessor's lifetime. The actual title varied over time. During the Ottonian period, it was King of the Franks (German: ''König der Franken'', Latin: ''Rex Francorum''), from the late Salian period it was King of the Romans (German: ''König der Römer'', Lat.: ''Rex Romanorum''). In the Modern Period, the title King in Germania (German: ''König in G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Gustavus, Count Palatine Of Veldenz
George Gustavus (German: Georg Gustav) (6 February 1564 – 3 June 1634) was the Count of Veldenz from 1592 until 1634. Biography George Gustavus was born in 1564 as the eldest son of George John I, Count Palatine of Lützelstein. His father died in 1592, and John Augustus and his brothers succeeded him under the regency of their mother Anna of Sweden. In 1598 the brothers partitioned the territories; George Gustavus retained the counties of Veldenz and Lautereck while his younger brothers obtained the other territories. In 1608, he founded Lixheim for Reformed refugees, but was also forced to sell the new town in 1623 to Henry II, Duke of Lorraine. He died in 1634 and was buried in Remigiusberg. Marriage George Gustavus married Elizabeth of Württemberg (3 March 1548 – 28 February 1592), daughter of Duke Christopher, on 30 October 1586. The marriage remained childless. George Gustavus married Maria Elizabeth of Palatinate-Zweibrücken (7 November 1581 – 18 August 1637 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veldenz
Veldenz is an ''Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the former main seat of the County of Veldenz, once a prominent principality to which belonged 120 villages and towns now in Rhineland-Palatinate and northern Alsace and Lorraine. Geography Location The municipality lies in the Middle Moselle region of valley country marked by even slopes and former oxbows of the Moselle. Veldenz is found on the Moselle's right bank, but does not lie right at the water's edge, but rather some two kilometres back from the river, under the outermost forests of the Hunsrück. Roughly 850 ha of the 1 441 ha municipal area is wooded. About 130 ha is given over to winegrowing. Veldenz belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' of Bernkastel-Kues, whose seat is in the like-named town. Nearby municipalities Neighbouring municipalities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wittelsbach
The House of Wittelsbach () is a German dynasty, with branches that have ruled over territories including Bavaria, the Palatinate, Holland and Zeeland, Sweden (with Finland), Denmark, Norway, Hungary (with Romania), Bohemia, the Electorate of Cologne and other prince-bishoprics, and Greece. Their ancestral lands of the Palatinate and Bavaria were Prince-electorates, and the family had three of its members elected emperors and kings of the Holy Roman Empire. They ruled over the Kingdom of Bavaria which was created in 1805 and continued to exist until 1918. The House of Windsor, the reigning royal house of the British monarchy, are descendants of Sophia of Hanover, a Wittelsbach Princess of the Palatinate by birth and Electress of Hanover by marriage, who had inherited the succession rights of the House of Stuart and passed them on to the House of Hanover. History When Otto I, Count of Scheyern, died in 1072, his third son Otto II, Count of Scheyern, acquired the castle of W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Międzybórz
Międzybórz , also known as ''Międzybórz Sycowski'' (german: Neumittelwalde, until 1886 ''Medzibor''), is a town in Oleśnica County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Międzybórz. It lies approximately north-east of Oleśnica, and north-east of the regional capital Wrocław. The settlement was first mentioned in 1228, when it was part of fragmented Poland. From 1313 it was part of the Duchy of Oleśnica, remaining ruled by the Piast dynasty until 1492. The town's name is of Polish origin, meaning "między borami", that is "between forests".Heinrich Adamy, ''Die Schlesischen Ortsnamen ihre entstechung und bedeutung'', 1888, p. 35-36 It received town privileges Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Town Privileges
Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towards the traditions of the self-administration of Roman cities. Judicially, a borough (or burgh) was distinguished from the countryside by means of a charter from the ruling monarch that defined its privileges and laws. Common privileges involved trade (marketplace, the storing of goods, etc.) and the establishment of guilds. Some of these privileges were permanent and could imply that the town obtained the right to be called a borough, hence the term "borough rights" (german: Stadtrecht; nl, stadsrechten). Some degree of self-government, representation by diet, and tax-relief could also be granted. Multiple tiers existed; for example, in Sweden, the basic royal charter establishing a borough enabled trade, but not foreign trade, which required a highe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Christian Of Brieg
John Christian of Brieg ( pl, Jan Chrystian; german: Johann Christian; Ohlau, 28 August 1591 – Osterode in Ostpreußen (today Ostróda), 25 December 1639), was a Duke of Brzeg– Legnica–Wołów (since 1602; with his brother as co-ruler in Legnica and Wołów until 1612; in Oława since 1605). He was the second but eldest surviving son of Joachim Frederick, Duke of Brzeg–Oława–Legnica–Wołów, by his wife Anna Maria, daughter of Joachim Ernest, Prince of Anhalt. In his baptism, who was realized two weeks after his birth, on 14 September, he received the names of both uncles: John George of Oława and Christian of Anhalt. Life Youth Joachim Frederick died on 25 March 1602, leaving his two sons as the heirs of his domains. John Christian had eleven-years and his younger brother George Rudolf had only seven, the regency of the Duchies was taken by their mother, the Dowager Duchess Anna Maria (who held Oława as her dower). After Anna Maria's death in 1605, the regen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestant
Protestantism is a Christian denomination, branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Reformation, Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to be growing Criticism of the Catholic Church, errors, abuses, and discrepancies within it. Protestantism emphasizes the Christian believer's justification by God in faith alone (') rather than by a combination of faith with good works as in Catholicism; the teaching that Salvation in Christianity, salvation comes by Grace in Christianity, divine grace or "unmerited favor" only ('); the Universal priesthood, priesthood of all faithful believers in the Church; and the ''sola scriptura'' ("scripture alone") that posits the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice. Most Protestants, with the exception of Anglo-Papalism, reject the Catholic doctrine of papal supremacy, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landeshauptmann
Landeshauptmann (if male) or Landeshauptfrau (if female) (, "state captain", plural ''Landeshauptleute'') is the chairman of a state government and the supreme official of an Austrian state and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol and Trentino. His or her function is equivalent to that of a minister-president or premier. Until 1933 the term was used in Prussia for the head of government of a province,Duden; Definition of Landeshauptmann, in German/ref> in the modern-day states of Germany (with the exceptions of the city-states) the counterpart to ''Landeshauptmann'' is the ''Ministerpräsident'' (minister-president). Origins Since the early modern period, a ''Landeshauptmann'' originally served as governor under either a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire or the Emperor himself, mainly in the territories of the Habsburg monarchy (as for the Lands of the Bohemian Crown), later also in the Kingdom of Prussia. In the Austrian Empire, according to the 1861 February Patent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
