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Heian Literature
or refers to Japanese literature of the Heian period, running from 794 to 1185. This article summarizes its history and development. Overview '' Kanshi'' (poetry written in Chinese) and ''kanbun'' (prose in Chinese) had remained popular since the Nara period, and the influence of the Tang poet Bai Juyi (''Haku Kyoi'' in Japanese) on Japanese ''kanshi'' in this period was great. Even in the ''Tale of Genji'', a pure Japanese work composed entirely in ''kana'', particularly in the chapter "Kiritsubo", the influence of his '' Song of Everlasting Regret'' has been widely recognized. Sugawara no Michizane, who taught at the Daigaku-ryō before becoming Minister of the Right, was known not only as a politician but as a leading ''kanshi'' poet. In 905, with the imperial order to compile the Kokinshū, the first imperial anthology, ''waka'' poetry acquired a status comparable to ''kanshi''. ''Waka'' were composed at ''uta-awase'' and other official events, and the private collect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Literature
Japanese literature throughout most of its history has been influenced by cultural contact with neighboring Asian literatures, most notably China and its literature. Early texts were often written in pure Classical Chinese or , a Chinese-Japanese creole language. Indian literature also had an influence through the spread of Buddhism in Japan. During the Heian period, Japan's original culture () developed and literature also established its own style, with the significant usage and development of to write Japanese literature. Following the Perry Expedition which led to the end of the policy and the forced reopening of foreign trade, Western literature has also made influences to the development of modern Japanese writers, while Japanese literature has in turn become more recognized internationally, leading to two Japanese Nobel laureates in literature, namely Yasunari Kawabata and Kenzaburō Ōe. History Nara-period literature (before 794) Before the introduction of kanji f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waka (poetry)
is a type of poetry in classical Japanese literature. Although ''waka'' in modern Japanese is written as , in the past it was also written as (see Wa, an old name for Japan), and a variant name is . Etymology The word ''waka'' has two different but related meanings: the original meaning was "poetry in Japanese" and encompassed several genres such as ''chōka'' and ''sedōka'' (discussed below); the later, more common definition refers to poetry in a 5-7-5-7-7 metre. Up to and during the compilation of the ''Man'yōshū'' in the eighth century, the word ''waka'' was a general term for poetry composed in Japanese, and included several genres such as , , and . However, by the time of the '' Kokinshūs compilation at the beginning of the tenth century, all of these forms except for the ''tanka'' and ''chōka'' had effectively gone extinct, and ''chōka'' had significantly diminished in prominence. As a result, the word ''waka'' became effectively synonymous with ''tanka'', and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kogo Shūi
is a historical record of the Inbe clan of Japan written in the early Heian period (794–1185). It was composed by Inbe no Hironari (斎部広成) in 807 using material transmitted orally over several generations of the Inbe clan. Background Historically, both the Inbe and Nakatomi clans had long performed Shinto religious services for the Japanese imperial court. However, at the beginning of the Heian period, the Fujiwara clan, whom the Nakatomi clan are a branch of, seized political power. This strengthened the Nakatomi clan while weakening the Inbe clan and caused conflict between the two clans. Hironari, whose date of birth and death are unknown, wrote this text to clarify the history and legitimize the rights of the Inbe clan as well as to argue the injustice of the Nakatomi clan and decline of the Inbe clan. He presented it to Emperor Heizei in 807. Contents The text consists of three major sections: #The historical events of clan ancestor Amenofutodama no Mikoto and h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sugano No Mamichi
, originally known as , was a Japanese noble of the early Heian period. He reached the court rank of and the position of '' sangi''. Life In 778, Mamichi was appointed as an in the Ministry of the Center. In 783, he was conferred the rank of . In this period, he also held various posts in the imperial guard and as a regional administrator. In 785, with the investiture of Prince Ate, the future Emperor Heizei, as Crown Prince, Mamichi was promoted to and appointed . In 790 Mamichi appealed to have his family's rank increased from ''muraji'' to ''ason'', and was granted the new family name of Sugano no Ason, based on his place of residence. Thanks to the confidence of Emperor Kanmu, Mamichi was able to hold increasingly important positions in the imperial guard and the daijō-kan. He was also deeply involved as an assistant director in the construction of the new capital at Heian-kyō. During the same period, his court rank steadily rose, to in 789, in 791, in 794, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fujiwara No Tsuginawa
, also known as Fujiwara no Tsugutada and Monozomo no Udajin, was a Japanese statesman, courtier and politician during the Nara period.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Tsuginawa" in ; Brinkley, Frank ''et al.'' (1915). Career In 780 ('' Hōki 11''), Tsuginawa is given the title ''sei-i-tai-shogun'' (barbarian subduing general) for an expedition to northern Honshu to subdue the ''emishi'', also known as the ''ebisu''. Tsuginawa served as a minister during the reign of Emperor Kanmu. * 788 (''Enryaku 7, 1st month''): Tsuginawa participates in the coming of age ceremony for Ate-''shinno'' (安殿親王) who would become Emperor Heizei. * 790 (''Enryaku 9, 2nd month''): Tsuginawa was named ''udaijin''. * 796 (''Enryaku 15, 16th day of the 7th month''): Tsuginawa died at age 70. Genealogy This member of the Fujiwara clan was the son of Toyonari. He was the father of Fujiwara no Otoaki. Selected works In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shoku Nihongi
The is an imperially-commissioned Japanese history text. Completed in 797, it is the second of the ''Six National Histories'', coming directly after the '' Nihon Shoki'' and followed by ''Nihon Kōki''. Fujiwara no Tsugutada and Sugano no Mamichi served as the primary editors. It is one of the most important primary historical sources for information about Japan's Nara period. The work covers the 95-year period from the beginning of Emperor Monmu's reign in 697 until the 10th year of Emperor Kanmu's reign in 791, spanning nine imperial reigns. It was completed in 797 AD. The text is forty volumes in length. It is primarily written in kanbun, a Japanese form of Classical Chinese, as was normal for formal Japanese texts at the time. However, a number of "senmyō" 宣命 or "imperial edicts" contained within the text are written in a script known as "senmyō-gaki", which preserves particles and verb endings phonographically. References External links * * Text of the ''Shoku Niho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tosa Nikki
The ''Tosa Nikki'' (''Tosa Diary'' 土佐日記) is a poetic diary written anonymously by the tenth-century Japanese poet Ki no Tsurayuki. The text details a 55-day journey in 935 returning to Kyoto from Tosa province, where Tsurayuki had been the provincial governor. The prose account of the journey is punctuated by Japanese poems, purported to have been composed on the spot by the characters. Diary Prose The ''Tosa Nikki'' is the first notable example of the Japanese diary as literature. Until its time, the word “diary” (''nikki'') denoted dry official records of government or family affairs, written by men in Sino-Japanese. By contrast, the ''Tosa Diary'' is written in the Japanese language, using phonetic ''kana'' characters. Literate men of the period wrote in both ''kana'' and ''kanji'', but women typically were not taught the latter, being restricted to ''kana'' literature. By framing the diary in the point of view of a fictitious female narrator, Tsurayuki could ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikki Bungaku
Nikki may refer to: Arts and entertainment Fictional characters * Nikki (Barbie), a fashion doll in the Barbie toy line * Nikki (comics), a Marvel Comics character * Nikki and Paulo, from the TV series ''Lost'' * Nikki, the mascot of Swapnote * Nikki, the main character from Dork Diaries Music * ''Nikki'' (album), by Nikki Yanofsky, 2010 * ''Nikki'', an album by Quruli, 2005 * "Nikki" (song), by Forever the Sickest Kids, 2013 * "Nikki", a song by Logic from ''Under Pressure'', 2014 * "Nikki", an instrumental composition by Burt Bacharach Other media * ''Nikki'' (DC Thomson), a 1980s girls' comic * ''Nikki'' (TV series), a 2000s American series starring Nikki Cox * ''Nikki, Wild Dog of the North'', a 1961 Walt Disney film People * Nikki (given name), including a list of people with the name Singers * Nikki (singer), Japanese-American singer * Nikki (Malaysian singer), Nikki Palikat (born 1985), a finalist in the first season of ''Malaysian Idol'' * Nigar Jamal (born 1980) o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kanji
are the logographic Chinese characters taken from the Chinese family of scripts, Chinese script and used in the writing of Japanese language, Japanese. They were made a major part of the Japanese writing system during the time of Old Japanese and are still used, along with the subsequently-derived syllabic scripts of ''hiragana'' and ''katakana''. The characters have Japanese pronunciation, pronunciations; most have two, with one based on the Chinese sound. A few characters were invented in Japan by constructing character components derived from other Chinese characters. After World War II, Japan made its own efforts to simplify the characters, now known as shinjitai, by a process similar to China's simplified Chinese characters, simplification efforts, with the intention to increase literacy among the common folk. Since the 1920s, the Japanese government has published character lists periodically to help direct the education of its citizenry through the myriad Chinese characte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady Ise
, also known as , was a Japanese poet in the Imperial court's ''waka'' tradition. She was born to of Ise Province, and eventually became the lover of the and a concubine to Emperor Uda; her son by him was Prince Yuki-Akari.pg 141 of ''Woman poets of Japan'', 1977, Kenneth Rexroth, Ikuko Atsumi, ; previously published as ''The Burning Heart'' by The Seabury Press. Her poems were emblematic of the changing styles of the time, and 22 of them were included in the ''Kokin Wakashū''. One of her poems was included in the ''Ogura Hyakunin Isshu is a classical Japanese anthology of one hundred Japanese ''waka'' by one hundred poets. ''Hyakunin isshu'' can be translated to "one hundred people, one poem ach; it can also refer to the card game of ''uta-garuta'', which uses a deck compos ...''. Poems References External links 870s births 930s deaths Year of birth uncertain Year of death uncertain Kuge 10th-century Japanese women writers 10th-century Jap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
