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Hargaya
Hargaya ( Harari: ሀርጋየ ''Härgayä'') was a historical Muslim state in present-day eastern Ethiopia. It was located east of the Awash River on the Harar plateau in Adal alongside Gidaya and Hubat states. It neighbored other polities in the medieval era including Ifat, Fedis, Mora, Biqulzar and Kwelgora. History The people of Hargaya were reportedly a sub clan of the Harla people. In the fourteenth century Hargaya elected Imam Salih to battle the forces of Abyssinian emperor Amda Seyon I. According to the fifteenth century emperor of Ethiopia's Baeda Maryam I chronicle, Hargaya's ruler took the title Garad. According to sixteenth century Adal writer Arab Faqīh, the people of Hargaya fought in the army of Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi leader of Adal Sultanate. Researcher Mahdi Gadid states Hargaya alongside Gidaya domains were primarily inhabited by the Harari people before being assimilated by the Oromo and Somali people. Historian Merid Wolde Aregay Mer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ifat (historical Region)
Ifat ( Harari: ኢፋት) also known as Yifat ( am, ይፋት), Awfat or Wafat was a historical Muslim region in the Horn of Africa. It was located in modern eastern Shewa. Geography Ifat designated the Muslim dominated portion of Shewa in Abyssinia according to Harari texts, its territory extended from the Shewan uplands east, towards the Awash River. According to thirteenth century Arab geographer Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi, Ifat was alternatively known as ''Jabarta''. In the fourteenth century Al Umari mentioned seven cities or domains within Ifat: Biqulzar, Adal, Shewa, Kuljura, Shimi, Jamme and Laboo. History During Islam's inception tradition states the Banu Makhzum and Ummayad coalitions quarreled in Ifat. According to historian Enrico Cerulli, in thirteenth century Sultan Walasma founded the Ifat Sultanate in Ifat after overthrowing the Makhzumi dynasty and subsequently invading states of Hubat, Gidaya, Hargaya etc. The later Ifat rulers who are described as zea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harla People
The Harla, also known as Harala, or Arla, are an extinct ethnic group that once inhabited Djibouti, Ethiopia and northern Somalia. They spoke the now-extinct Harla language, which belonged to either the Cushitic or Semitic branches of the Afroasiatic family. There are existing books like "The Book of Obligations" () in Old Harari written roughly 500 years ago, when Hararis were referred to as "Harla" at that time as attested to in the ''Conquest of Abyssinia''. History The Harla are credited by the present-day inhabitants of parts of Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northern Somalia with having constructed various historical sites. Although now mostly lying in ruins, these structures include stone necropoleis, store pits, mosques and houses. Cave drawings are also attributed to the Harla. Tradition states one of Harla's main towns was Metehara and the area between Harar and Dire Dawa is still referred to as Harla. The Harla inhabited Tchertcher and various other areas in the Horn of Af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kwelgora
Kwelgora also spelled as Kuelgora was a historical Muslim region located in central Ethiopia, it was bounded by the Ifat and Makhzumi state. The locality was in the vicinity of Aliyu Amba and southward of Ankober. History In the thirteenth century the Arab historian Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi states the people within reach of this state were in conflict with both the Nubians and Abyssinians. Fourteenth century Arab historian Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari states Kwelgora was a part of the Ifat Sultanate. According to the so-called fourteenth century Amda Seyon chronicles, Kwelgora was invaded and pillaged by the emperor's troops alongside other Muslim dominions such as Biqulzar, Hubat, Gidaya, Hargaya and Fedis Fedis ( om, Aanaa Fadis) is a woreda in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Part of the East Hararghe Zone, Fedis is bordered on the southwest by Garamulleta zone, Meyumuluke woreda, on the west by Girawa, on the northwest by Haro Maya, on the north by t .... References {{reflist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harari People
The Harari people ( Harari: Gēy Usuach, "People of the City") are Semitic-speaking ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa. Members traditionally reside in the walled city of Harar, called simply ''Gēy'' "the City" in Harari, situated in the Harari Region of eastern Ethiopia. They speak the Harari language, a member of the South Ethiopic grouping within the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic languages. History The Harla people, an extinct Afroasiatic-speaking people native to Hararghe, are considered by most scholars to be the precursors to the Harari people. The ancestors of the Hararis moved across the Bab-el-Mandeb, settling in the shores of Somaliland and later expanding into the interior producing a Semitic-speaking population among Cushitic and non-Afroasiatic-speaking peoples in what would become Harar. Sheikh Abadir, the legendary patriarch of the Harari, is said to have arrived in the Harar plateau in the early thirteenth century, where he was met by the Ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adal (historical Region)
Adal ( Harari: አዳል), known as Awdal or Aw Abdal was a historical Muslim region in the Horn of Africa. Located towards the Harar plateau east of Ifat. Geography Adal was situated east of the province of Ifat and was a general term for a region inhabited by Muslims. According to Portuguese explorer Francisco Alvarez, Adal in 1520 bordered on the Abyssinian frontier province of Fatagar in the west and stretched to Cape Guardafui in the east. He further stated that it was confined by the kingdom of Afar in the north west and that the leaders of Adal were considered saints by the locals for their warfare with neighboring Abyssinia. It was used ambiguously in the medieval era to indicate the Muslim inhabitant low land portion east of the Ethiopian Empire. Including north of the Awash River towards Lake Abbe in modern Ethiopia Djibouti border as well as the territory between Shewa and Zeila on the coast of Somaliland. Districts within Adal included Hubat, Gidaya and Hargaya. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gidaya
Gidaya ( Harari: ጊዳየ ''Gidayä''), also known as Gedaya or Jidaya was a historical Muslim state located around present-day eastern Ethiopia. The state was positioned on the Harar plateau and a district of Adal region. It neighbored other states in the medieval era including Ifat, Hubat, Hargaya, Mora, Hadiya, and Fatagar. History According to Dr. Lapiso, Gidaya was one of the Islamic states that had developed in the Horn of Africa from the ninth to fourteenth centuries. The earliest mention of Gidaya state is during its conflict with the Makhzumi dynasty in 1266. In the thirteenth century the Arab writer al-Mufaḍḍal mentions the king of Gidaya was named Yûsuf ibn Arsamâyah. In 1285 Walasma dynasty crushed a rebellion led by Gidaya which allied with Shewa to revive the Makhzumi state. In the fourteenth century it was under the Ifat Sultanate and later the Adal Sultanate with its leader known as the Garad. In the sixteenth century the people of Gidaya were part of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mora (historical Region)
Mora ( Harari: ሞረ ''Morä'') also known as Mura was a historical Muslim state located in the Horn of Africa. It was positioned northward of Ifat within reach of Aussa city in modern Afar region of Ethiopia. Mora neighbored other states in the medieval era including Adal, Hubat, Hargaya, Gidaya, Hadiya, and Fatagar. History In 1264 Sultan Dil Gamis of Makhzumi defeated the overlord of Mora state in battle. Following Walasma deposing the Makhzumi dynasty in 1285, Mora was incorporated into the Ifat Sultanate circa 1288. In the fourteenth century Mora was among the states referenced by an Abyssinian emperor for raids conducted in his realm purely to capture slaves. During Abyssinian Emperor Amda Seyon's invasion of the Ifat Sultanate in the fourteenth century, Mora joined a coalition with Adal and elected Imam Salih Salih (; ar, صَالِحٌ, Ṣāliḥ, lit=Pious), also spelled Saleh (), is an Arab prophet mentioned in the Quran who prophesied to the tribe of Thamu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adal Sultanate
The Adal Sultanate, or the Adal Empire or the ʿAdal or the Bar Saʿad dīn (alt. spelling ''Adel Sultanate, ''Adal ''Sultanate'') () was a medieval Sunni Muslim Empire which was located in the Horn of Africa. It was founded by Sabr ad-Din II after the fall of the Sultanate of Ifat. The kingdom flourished circa 1415 to 1577.. The sultanate and state were established by the local inhabitants of Zeila. or the Harar plateau. At its height, the polity under Sultan Badlay controlled the territory stretching from Somaliland to the port city of Suakin in Sudan. The Adal Empire maintained a robust commercial and political relationship with the Ottoman Empire. Etymology Adal is believed to be an abbreviation of Havilah. Eidal or Aw Abdal, was the Emir of Harar in the eleventh century. In the thirteenth century, the Arab writer al-Dimashqi refers to the Adal Sultanate's capital, Zeila, by its Somali name "Awdal" ( so, "Awdal"). The modern Awdal region of Somaliland, which was p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somali People
The Somalis ( so, Soomaalida 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒆𐒖, ar, صوماليون) are an ethnic group native to the Horn of Africa who share a common ancestry, culture and history. The Lowland East Cushitic Somali language is the shared mother tongue of ethnic Somalis, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family, and are predominantly Sunni Muslim.Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi, ''Culture and Customs of Somalia'', (Greenwood Press: 2001), p.1 They form one of the largest ethnic groups on the African continent, and cover one of the most expansive landmasses by a single ethnic group in Africa. According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its native inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. An ancient historical kingdom where a great portion of their cultural traditions and ancestry has been said to derive from.Egypt: 3000 Years of Civilization Brought to Life By Christine El MahdyAncient perspectives on Egypt By Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oromo People
The Oromo (pron. Oromo language, Oromo: ''Oromoo'') are a Cushitic people, Cushitic ethnic group native to the Oromia region of Ethiopia and parts of Northern Kenya, who speak the Oromo language (also called ''Afaan Oromoo'' or ''Oromiffa''), which is part of the Cushitic languages, Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family. They are the largest List of ethnic groups in Ethiopia, ethnic group in Ethiopia and represent a large portion of Ethiopia's population. The Oromo people traditionally used the ''gadaa'' system as the primary form of governance.Harold G. MarcuA History of Ethiopia University of California Press (1994) pp. 55 Google Books A leader is elected by the ''gadaa'' system and their term lasts eight years, with an election taking place at the end of those eight years. Although most modern Oromos are Muslims and Christians, about 3% practice Waaqeffanna, the native ancient monotheistic religion of Oromos. Origins and nomenclature The Oromo people are one o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shihab Al-Dīn Aḥmad Ibn ʿAbd Al-Qādir Ibn Sālim Ibn ʿUthmān
Shihab al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir ibn Sālim ibn ʿUthmān, most commonly known as Arab Faqīh, was an Arab writer of the chronicle ''"Futuh al-Habasha"'', a first hand account of the Ethiopian-Adal war in the sixteenth century. Biography Arab Faqih was a citizen of the Adal Sultanate and a religious Sufi Sufism ( ar, ''aṣ-ṣūfiyya''), also known as Tasawwuf ( ''at-taṣawwuf''), is a mystic body of religious practice, found mainly within Sunni Islam but also within Shia Islam, which is characterized by a focus on Islamic spirituality, .... He is believed to be of Yemeni descent according to most scholars. However other historians such as Enrico Cerulli state he was possibly of Harari background. Arab Faqih is notable for writing the ''"Futuh al-Habasha"'' which details the sixteenth century war between Adal and Abyssinia from the point of view of Harar residents. References {{reflist Arab historians 16th-century Arab people People from the Adal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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