HLA-DR6

	HLA-DR6 HLA-DR6 (DR6) is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR13 and HLA-DR14 antigen serotypes. Serology DR6 serological reactivity is relatively poor compared to other serological Serology is the scientific study of serum and other body fluids. In practice, the term usually refers to the diagnostic identification of antibodies in the serum. Such antibodies are typically formed in response to an infection (against a given mic ... tests for DR antigens. Compare to DQ2 or DR7. Disease associations DR13 and DR14 share a common association to myasthenia gravis. Allele groups HLA-DRB113 and HLA-DRB114 encode serotypes of DR6. References {{DR serotypes 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-DR13 HLA-DR13(DR13) is a HLA- DR serotype that recognizes the DRB11301 to 13082, 1310 and some other 13 gene products. DR13 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR6 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR14 antigens. Alleles Serotypes are unknown the following alleles: DRB11309, 1315 to 1379 DRB113 allele group * 81 Alleles: 74 proteins * DR13 (weak or no DR6) Serotype: 1301, 1302, 1304, 1306, 1307, 1310, 1312 to 1314 * DR6 (weak DR13) Serotype: 1308 DR13&Other serotypes: 1303, 1305, 1311, Serotype unknown: 1309, 1315 to 1374 Disease associations DRB11302 is linked to early childhood myastenia gravis. Alleles of DR13 along with immunization for hepatitis B and C are most protective against the disease. Extended linkage DRB11302:DQA10102:DQB10604 Early childhood myastenia gravis Genetic Linkage HLA-DR13 is genetically linked to DR52 and HLA-DQ6 (HLA-DQ1 HLA-DQ1 is a serotype that covers a broad range of HLA-DQ haplotypes. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-DR14 HLA-DR14(DR14) is a HLA- DR serotype that recognizes the DRB11401 to 1408, 1410 to 1418, and other 14 gene products. DR14 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR6 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR13 antigens. Alleles Serotypes are unknown the following alleles: DRB11409, 1419 to 1462 Disease associations DRB11402: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, increased longevity in Okinawans. Extended linkage DR14:DQ5 haplotype: increased risk for non-AChR autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis. Genetic Linkage HLA-DR13 is genetically linked to HLA-DR52 and HLA-DQ5 (HLA-DQ1 HLA-DQ1 is a serotype that covers a broad range of HLA-DQ haplotypes. Historically it was identified as a DR-like alpha chain called DC1; later, it was among 3 types DQw1 (later DQ1, and split into DQ5 and DQ6), DQw2 and DQw3. Of these three ...) serotypes. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Hla-Dr14 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Antigen In immunology, an antigen (Ag) is a molecule or molecular structure or any foreign particulate matter or a pollen grain that can bind to a specific antibody or T-cell receptor. The presence of antigens in the body may trigger an immune response. The term ''antigen'' originally referred to a substance that is an antibody generator. Antigens can be proteins, peptides (amino acid chains), polysaccharides (chains of monosaccharides/simple sugars), lipids, or nucleic acids. Antigens are recognized by antigen receptors, including antibodies and T-cell receptors. Diverse antigen receptors are made by cells of the immune system so that each cell has a specificity for a single antigen. Upon exposure to an antigen, only the lymphocytes that recognize that antigen are activated and expanded, a process known as clonal selection. In most cases, an antibody can only react to and bind one specific antigen; in some instances, however, antibodies may cross-react and bind more than one antigen. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Serotype A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their surface antigens, allowing the epidemiologic classification of organisms to the subspecies level. A group of serovars with common antigens is called a serogroup or sometimes ''serocomplex''. Serotyping often plays an essential role in determining species and subspecies. The ''Salmonella'' genus of bacteria, for example, has been determined to have over 2600 serotypes. ''Vibrio cholerae'', the species of bacteria that causes cholera, has over 200 serotypes, based on cell antigens. Only two of them have been observed to produce the potent enterotoxin that results in cholera: O1 and O139. Serotypes were discovered by the American microbiologist Rebecca Lancefield in 1933. Role in organ transplantation The immune system is capable of discerning a cell as being 'self' or 'n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Serological Serology is the scientific study of serum and other body fluids. In practice, the term usually refers to the diagnostic identification of antibodies in the serum. Such antibodies are typically formed in response to an infection (against a given microorganism), against other foreign proteins (in response, for example, to a mismatched blood transfusion), or to one's own proteins (in instances of autoimmune disease). In either case, the procedure is simple. Serological tests Serological tests are diagnostic methods that are used to identify antibodies and antigens in a patient's sample. Serological tests may be performed to diagnose infections and autoimmune illnesses, to check if a person has immunity to certain diseases, and in many other situations, such as determining an individual's blood type. Serological tests may also be used in forensic serology to investigate crime scene evidence. Several methods can be used to detect antibodies and antigens, including ELISA, agglutinati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	HLA-DQ2 HLA-DQ3 (DQ3) is a serotype group within HLA-DQ (DQ) serotyping system. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of β2 subset of DQ β-chains. The β-chain of DQ is encoded by HLA-DQB1 locus and DQ2 are encoded by the HLA-DQB1 allele group. This group currently contains two common alleles, DQB1 and DQB1. HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQB102 are almost synonymous in meaning. DQ2 β-chains combine with α-chains, encoded by genetically linked HLA-DQA1 alleles, to form the cis-haplotype isoforms. These isoforms, nicknamed DQ2.2 and DQ2.5, are also encoded by the DQA1 and DQA1 genes, respectively. DQ2 is most common in Western Europe, North Africa and East Africa. Highest frequencies are observed in parts of Spain and Ireland; this distribution correlates with the frequency of two of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases. There is also an increase in DQB1 in Central Asia, peaking in Kazakhstan and declining slowly west to east into China and finally Southeast Asia. DQA1 : DQB1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	HLA-DR7 HLA-DR7 (DR7) is a HLA- DR serotype that recognizes the DRB10701 to 0705 gene products. Serology The serological reaction of DR7 is excellent for 0701. The serology of 0703 to 0705 to 0709, and 0711 to 0714 serotypes is unknown. DRB10710N is a null allele. DRB10702 nomenclature has been deleted. Disease associations By serotype DR7 is positively associated with psoriasis vulgaris. By Allele group DRB107 is linked to ''T. cruzi'' infection with cardiomyopathy (also called Chaga's cardiomyopathy). By extended haplotype DR7:DQA10201:DQB10202 is associated with Graves' disease. DR7- DQ2/ DR5- DQ7 phenotype (transhaplotype encoded isoform DQα5β2) is the primary risk DQ isoform in celiac disease. DR7-DQ2/DR5-DQ7 (/ DR11-DQ7 or / DR12-DQ7) is a clarifying identifier for the at risk transhaplotype. DR53-DR7 may be associated with sclerosis/lupus associated anti-apolipoprotein antibodies. Genetic linkage HLA-DR7 is genetically linked HLA-DR53, and is linked to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Myasthenia Gravis Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a long-term neuromuscular junction disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness. The most commonly affected muscles are those of the eyes, face, and swallowing. It can result in double vision, drooping eyelids, trouble talking, and trouble walking. Onset can be sudden. Those affected often have a large thymus or develop a thymoma. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease of the neuro-muscular junction which results from antibodies that block or destroy nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) at the junction between the nerve and muscle. This prevents nerve impulses from triggering muscle contractions. Most cases are due to immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG3 antibodies that attack AChR in the postsynaptic membrane, causing complement-mediated damage and muscle weakness. Rarely, an inherited genetic defect in the neuromuscular junction results in a similar condition known as congenital myasthenia. Babies of mothers with myasthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]