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Gyrovague
Gyrovagues (sometimes Gyrovagi or Gyruvagi) were wandering or itinerant monks without fixed residence or leadership, who relied on charity and the hospitality of others. The term, coming from French, itself from Late Latin ''gyrovagus'' (''gyro-'', "circle" and ''vagus'', "wandering"), is used to refer to a kind of monk, rather than a specific order, and may be pejorative as they are almost universally denounced by Christian writers of the Early Middle Ages. The Council of Chalcedon (451) and Second Council of Nicaea (787) prohibit this practice. The "gyrovagi" were denounced as wretched by Benedict of Nursia, who accused them of indulging their passions and cravings. Augustine called them Circumcelliones (''circum cellas'' = those who prowl around the barns) and attributed the selling of fake relics as their innovation. Cassian also mentions a class of monk, which may have been identical, who were reputed to be gluttons who refused to fast at the proper times. Background Up until ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarabaites
__NOTOC__ Sarabaites were a kind of Christian monk widespread before the time of Benedict of Nursia. They were also known as ''remoboths''. History They either continued like the early asceticism, to live in their own homes, or dwelt together in or near cities. They acknowledged no monastic superior, obeyed no definite rule, and disposed individually of the product of their manual labour. Jerome speaks of them under the name remoboth, and John Cassian tells of their wide diffusion in Egypt and other lands. Both writers express a very unfavourable opinion concerning their conduct, and a reference to them in the ''Rule of Saint Benedict'' is of similar import. At a later date, the name Sarabaites, the original meaning of which cannot be determined, designated in a general way degenerate monks. The Rule of St. Benedict considered their non-adherence to church canon only to be exceeded by the gyrovagues. References Works cited * See also * Gyrovagues * ''Rule of Saint Benedict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |