Guyana–Venezuela Relations
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Guyana–Venezuela Relations
Guyana–Venezuela relations include diplomatic, economic and other interactions between the neighboring countries of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Border dispute Guyana and Venezuela have a long history of debate surrounding their border. In 1897, the matter was taken to international arbitration. Venezuela claimed more than half of the territory of the British colony of Guyana at the time of the Latin American wars of independence. Guyana argues that the boundary between the nations was clarified in the Arbitral Award of 1899 signed by Guyana, whereas Venezuela called the award an "Anglo-Russian conspiracy". In 1962 Venezuela declared that it would no longer abide by the arbitration decision, which ceded mineral-rich territory in the Orinoco basin to Guyana. The disputed area is called Guayana Esequiba by Venezuela. A border commission was set up in 1966 with representatives from Guyana, Venezuela and the United Kingdom, but f ...
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Co-operative Republic Of Guyana
Guyana ( or ), officially the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern mainland of South America. Guyana is an indigenous word which means "Land of Many Waters". The capital city is Georgetown. Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Brazil to the south and southwest, Venezuela to the west, and Suriname to the east. With , Guyana is the third-smallest sovereign state by area in mainland South America after Uruguay and Suriname, and is the second-least populous sovereign state in South America after Suriname; it is also one of the least densely populated countries on Earth. It has a wide variety of natural habitats and very high biodiversity. The region known as "the Guianas" consists of the large shield landmass north of the Amazon River and east of the Orinoco River known as the "land of many waters". Nine indigenous tribes reside in Guyana: the Wai Wai, Macushi, Patamona, Lokono, Kalina, Wapishana, Pemon, Akawaio and Warao. Histori ...
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António Guterres
António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres ( , ; born 30 April 1949) is a Portuguese politician and diplomat. Since 2017, he has served as secretary-general of the United Nations, the ninth person to hold this title. A member of the Portuguese Socialist Party, Guterres served as prime minister of Portugal from 1995 to 2002. Guterres served as secretary-general of the Socialist Party from 1992 to 2002. He was elected prime minister in 1995 and resigned in 2002, after his party was defeated in the 2001 Portuguese local elections. After six years governing without an absolute majority and with a poor economy, the Socialist Party did worse than expected because of losses in Lisbon and Porto, where polls indicated they had a solid lead. Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues assumed the Socialist Party leadership, but the general election was lost to the Social Democratic Party, led by José Manuel Barroso. Despite this defeat, polling of the Portuguese public in both 2012 and 2014 ranked Guterres the ...
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Guyana–Venezuela Relations
Guyana–Venezuela relations include diplomatic, economic and other interactions between the neighboring countries of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Border dispute Guyana and Venezuela have a long history of debate surrounding their border. In 1897, the matter was taken to international arbitration. Venezuela claimed more than half of the territory of the British colony of Guyana at the time of the Latin American wars of independence. Guyana argues that the boundary between the nations was clarified in the Arbitral Award of 1899 signed by Guyana, whereas Venezuela called the award an "Anglo-Russian conspiracy". In 1962 Venezuela declared that it would no longer abide by the arbitration decision, which ceded mineral-rich territory in the Orinoco basin to Guyana. The disputed area is called Guayana Esequiba by Venezuela. A border commission was set up in 1966 with representatives from Guyana, Venezuela and the United Kingdom, but f ...
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Corocoro Island
Corocoro Island (Isla Corocoro) is an island near the mouth of the Amacuro River and in the delta of the Barima River in South America. The northernmost part of the land border between Guyana and Venezuela runs through the island. It is one of the few islands that is divided between more than one sovereign state. The vast majority of the island is Venezuelan territory (610 square kilometers) . The north side of the island is the Atlantic Ocean and the south side is the Barima River. Venezuela does not recognize the border that divides the island, since it considers its eastern part, as part of the claimed territory of Guayana Esequiba. Venezuela claims the island in its entirety (689 square kilometers). Reserve The Venezuelan-controlled part of 61,000 hectares or 610 km² is part of a natural reserve protected by the Venezuelan government, called the Imataca Reserve, and is part of the so-called Coastal Protection Zone. See also *List of divided islands This is a list of is ...
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Ankoko Island
Ankoko Island ('' es, Isla de Anacoco'') is an island located at the confluence of the Cuyuni River and Wenamu River, at , on the border between Venezuela and the disputed area of Guayana Esequiba. Venezuela, which claims Guayana Esequiba as part of its territory, established a military base on the island in 1966, which Guyana claims as intrusion and aggression on a territory whose sovereignty was never under discussion. History Venezuelan occupation In February 1966, the governments of Venezuela, the United Kingdom and Guyana signed the Geneva Agreement aimed at resolving the controversy over the Guayana Esequiba territorial dispute. Five months after Guyana's independence from the United Kingdom, Venezuelan troops began their occupation of Ankoko Island and surrounding islands in October 1966. Venezuelan troops quickly constructed military installations and an airstrip. Subsequently, on the morning of the 14 October 1966, Forbes Burnham, as Prime Minister and Minister ...
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Odeen Ishmael
Odeen Ishmael (January 29, 1948 – January 5, 2019) was a career Guyanese diplomat. Personal life Ishmael traces his ancestry back to what are now the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. He has two children with his wife Evangeline: Safraz and Nadeeza. He also has eight brothers and three sisters, which makes him the uncle of many children. Before diplomatic appointment, Ishmael was a teacher in Guyana and The Bahamas. He has a Bachelor of Arts degree in Geography, Post-graduate Diploma in Education, PhD in Education. Career He last served as Guyana's ambassador to Kuwait, having been appointed to that post in January 2011. In 2012, he was appointed a non-resident ambassador to Qatar. Previously, he also served as ambassador to Venezuela (November 2003-January 2011) and to the United States (June 1993–October 2003) and as Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States (OAS) (June 1993–October 2003). At the OAS he served for two periods as Chairman o ...
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Oil Refinery
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into useful products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas and petroleum naphtha. Petrochemicals feedstock like ethylene and propylene can also be produced directly by cracking crude oil without the need of using refined products of crude oil such as naphtha. The crude oil feedstock has typically been processed by an oil production plant. There is usually an oil depot at or near an oil refinery for the storage of incoming crude oil feedstock as well as bulk liquid products. In 2020, the total capacity of global refineries for crude oil was about 101.2 million barrels per day. Oil refineries are typically large, sprawling industrial complexes with extensive piping running throughout, carrying streams of fluids between large chemical processing units, such as distillation colu ...
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Waini River
The Waini River is a river in the Barima-Waini region of northern Guyana. It flows into the Atlantic Ocean near the border with Venezuela. The upper portion of the river flows through the Guianian moist forests, while the lower Waini river flows through the eastern extent of the vast Orinoco Delta swamp forests before emptying into the sea. Features Almond Beach at the mouth of the Waini River is one of the most important nesting areas for leatherback, green, hawksbill and the olive ridley marine turtles. It is the only place in Guyana that has a large stretch of intact mangrove forest, brackish water and coastal swamp communities. There are three significant waterfalls along the Waini. The furthest up river is Kasatu Falls at . Settlements along the river include Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa, an Amerindian community. See also *List of rivers of Guyana *List of rivers of the Americas by coastline This list of rivers of the Americas by coastline includes the major coastal ...
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2020 In The Caribbean
The following lists events that happened during 2020 in The Caribbean. Sovereign states Cuba Cuba declared its independence from the United States on May 20, 1902.CIA Factbook: Cuba
retrieved 16 February 2020
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Raúl Castro Raúl Modesto Castro Ruz (; ; born 3 June 1931) is a retired Cuban politician and general who served as the first secretary of the Communist Party ...
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Bolivarian Republic Of Venezuela
Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It has a territorial extension of , and its population was estimated at 29 million in 2022. The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas. The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana. The Venezuelan government maintains a claim against Guyana to Guayana Esequiba. Venezuela is a federal presidential republic consisting of 23 states, the Capital District and federal dependencies covering Venezuela's offshore islands. Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the nort ...
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International Court Of Justice
The International Court of Justice (ICJ; french: Cour internationale de justice, links=no; ), sometimes known as the World Court, is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN). It settles disputes between states in accordance with international law and gives advisory opinions on international legal issues. The ICJ is the only international court that adjudicates general disputes between countries, with its rulings and opinions serving as primary sources of international law. The ICJ is the successor of the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ), which was established in 1920 by the League of Nations. After the Second World War, both the league and the PCIJ were replaced by the United Nations and ICJ, respectively. The Statute of the ICJ, which sets forth its purpose and structure, draws heavily from that of its predecessor, whose decisions remain valid. All member states of the UN are party to the ICJ Statute and may initiate contentious cases; ho ...
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