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Guilhabert De Castres
Guilhabert de Castres (about 1165 – 1240) was a prominent Cathar theologian. Born in Castres, he became a Cathar Perfect and, between 1223 and 1226, Bishop of Toulouse in the Cathar Church. In the theological debates in the early 13th century between the Cathars and the Papal representatives, he presented the Cathar arguments, including at the Debate at Montreal in 1206 and at the last Debate at Pamiers where he encountered Saint Dominic in 1207, prior to the Albigensian Crusades. In 1193, Guilhabert settled in Fanjeaux where he attended to a group of Perfects and believers until Simon de Montfort took the town during the Albigensian Crusade in 1209. Guilhabert withdrew to the Château de Montségur and ministered from its safety. In 1222, Guilhabert escaped from Castelnaudary that was besieged by Amaury VI of Montfort. Five years later, during a respite in the war, he presided over the Cathar synod at the Château de Pieusse where about a hundred Perfects had assembled. During t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cathar
Catharism (; from the grc, καθαροί, katharoi, "the pure ones") was a Christian dualist or Gnostic movement between the 12th and 14th centuries which thrived in Southern Europe, particularly in northern Italy and southern France. Followers were described as Cathars and referred to themselves as Good Christians; in modern times, they are mainly remembered for a prolonged period of religious persecution by the Catholic Church, which did not recognize their unorthodox Christianity. Catharism emerged in Western Europe in the Languedoc region of southern France in the 11th century. Adherents were sometimes referred to as Albigensians, after the French city Albi where the movement first took hold. Catharism was initially taught by ascetic leaders who set few guidelines, leading some Catharist practices and beliefs to vary by region and over time. The movement was greatly influenced by the Bogomils of the First Bulgarian Empire, and may have originated in the Byzantine Empire, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Château De Pieusse
The Château de Pieusse is one of the so-called Cathar castles in the French '' commune'' of Pieusse, near the town of Limoux in the ''département'' of l'Aude. It is a "true" Cathar castle in the sense that the site was never taken by the French crown during the annexation of Roussillon, but the buildings are mostly of more recent date. It is characterised by a keep, massive for the time, whose use was essentially defensive. The castle is listed as a ''monument historique'' by the French Ministry of Culture. It is currently private property and not open to the public. History The castle was built in about 1140–1145, under the reign of Louis VII by the Counts of Foix. In 1225, it hosted the Cathar synod, a hundred Perfects presided over by Guilhabert de Castres, bishop of Toulouse. During a meeting at the castle, they decided to create the bishopric of Razes and Benoît de Termes was ordained bishop of this new diocese. In 1229, Bernard Roger, son of the Count of Foix, ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1240 Deaths
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Of The Albigensian Crusade
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catharism
Catharism (; from the grc, καθαροί, katharoi, "the pure ones") was a Christian dualist or Gnostic movement between the 12th and 14th centuries which thrived in Southern Europe, particularly in northern Italy and southern France. Followers were described as Cathars and referred to themselves as Good Christians; in modern times, they are mainly remembered for a prolonged period of religious persecution by the Catholic Church, which did not recognize their unorthodox Christianity. Catharism emerged in Western Europe in the Languedoc region of southern France in the 11th century. Adherents were sometimes referred to as Albigensians, after the French city Albi where the movement first took hold. Catharism was initially taught by ascetic leaders who set few guidelines, leading some Catharist practices and beliefs to vary by region and over time. The movement was greatly influenced by the Bogomils of the First Bulgarian Empire, and may have originated in the Byzantine Empire, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esclarmonde Of Foix
Esclarmonde of Foix (French: ''Esclarmonde de Foix''; Occitan: ''Esclarmonda de Fois''), was a prominent figure associated with Catharism in thirteenth century Occitania (in the south of modern-day France). Her biography is difficult to establish since several noblewomen in the same area at the same time had the same rare first name. The name ''Esclarmonde'' means "clarity of the world" in the Occitan language. Family Esclarmonde of Foix was the daughter of Roger Bernard I, Count of Foix, and Cécile Trencavel, daughter of Raymond I Trencavel. Raymond-Roger of Foix, Count of Foix was her brother. In 1175, she married Jourdain III, lord of L'Isle-Jourdain. They had: * Bernard-Jourdain de l'Isle-Jourdain, the eldest and heir * Escaronia * Obica * Jordan * Othon-Bernard * Philippa Spiritual life Esclarmonde was widowed in October 1200 and turned to Catharism sometime thereafter. Catharism was a form of Christianity which had developed in southern France at that time, and whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoe Oldenbourg
Zoe (also ZOE, Zoë, Zoé, etc.) can refer to: *ζωή (''zōḗ''), the Ancient Greek word for "life" People * Zoe (name), including list of persons and fictional characters with the name Film and television * ''Zoe'' (film) * ZOE Broadcasting Network, in the Philippines * ''Zoe, Duncan, Jack and Jane'', later ''Zoe...'', an American sitcom Music * ''Zoë'' (album), 2011, by Zoë Badwi * Zoé (band), a rock band from Mexico * Zoë Records * ''Zoe'', an opera by Giorgio Miceli ; Songs * "Zoe" (song), by Paganini Traxx * "Zoe", by Stereophonics on the 2013 album ''Graffiti on the Train'' * "Zoe", by Paul Kelly from ''The A – Z Recordings'' Places * Zoe, Kentucky, a town in Lee County, US * Zoe, Oklahoma, Le Flore County, US Technology * Zoe Motors, an American automobile manufacturer * Zoé (reactor), the first French atomic reactor * Zoë (robot), mapping life in the Atacama Desert of Chile * Renault Zoe, a 2013 electric car Other uses *ZOE (company), nutrition and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faidit
is an Occitan word meaning 'banished' or 'proscribed'; it is used to denote a lord dispossessed of his land and title. In historical works it is commonly used in reference to lords in the Languedoc who ran afoul of the Catholic Church during the Albigensian Crusade, who were accused of heresy and had their properties confiscated by the church. Some abandoned their property of their own accord to avoid the crusaders, and it may have been confiscated ''in absentia is Latin for absence. , a legal term, is Latin for "in the absence" or "while absent". may also refer to: * Award in absentia * Declared death in absentia, or simply, death in absentia, legally declared death without a body * Election in absen ...'' later. Many of the lords took up arms against the crusaders and effectively became outlaws, ambushing crusaders whenever the opportunity presented itself. References {{reflist Albigensian Crusade ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond De Péreille
Raymond de Péreille (Catalan: Ramon de Perella, Occitan: Raimon de Perelha) was an Occitan nobleman who was the lord of the Château de Montségur. Born about 1186, he rebuilt the destroyed castle after 1204. He married in 1222 and resided in the castle together with his cousin Pierre-Roger de Mirepoix who also became his in-law by marrying Philippa, Raymond's daughter, around 1239. Under Raymond's protection, Guilhabert de Castres set up the center of Catharism at Montségur around 1232. The fall of Montségur in 1244 ended organized Carthar activity in the Occitan region. Surviving the end of Montségur he was interrogated by the inquisition The Inquisition was a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy, conducting trials of suspected heretics. Studies of the records have found that the overwhelming majority of sentences consisted of penances, ... in May 1244. See also * Péreille References {{DEFAULTSORT:Raymond De Pereille Catharis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amaury VI Of Montfort
Amaury de Montfort, Lord of Montfort-l'Amaury, (1192 – 1241) was the son of Simon de Montfort, 5th Earl of Leicester and Alix de Montmorency, and the older brother of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester. Amaury inherited his father's French properties while his brother Simon inherited the English title of Earl of Leicester. Biography The Albigensian Crusade His father departed on the Albigensian Crusade in 1209. It is unknown when Amaury joined him in the south, but he could possibly arrive in spring 1210, when his mother came there bringing reinforcements for his father. He was knighted on 24 June 1213 in Castelnaudary in the course of a particularly solemn ceremony and continued to fight under his father's command until his death at Toulouse on 25 June 1218. As his father's successor, he inherited the Counts of Toulouse, County of Toulouse (that his father had taken from Raymond VI of Toulouse as a reward for his role in the Crusade) and other titles and lands in Langue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Castres
Castres (; ''Castras'' in the Languedocian dialect, Languedocian dialect of Occitan language, Occitan) is the sole Subprefectures in France, subprefecture of the Tarn (department), Tarn Departments of France, department in the Occitania (administrative region), Occitanie Regions of France, region in Southern France. It lies in the former Provinces of France, province of Languedoc, although not in the former region of Languedoc-Roussillon. In 2018, the Communes of France, commune had a population of 41,795. Castres is the fourth-largest industrial centre of the predominantly rural former Midi-Pyrénées region after Toulouse, Tarbes and Albi, as well as the largest in the part of Languedoc lying between Toulouse and Montpellier. It is noted for being the birthplace of the famous Socialism, socialist leader Jean Jaurès (1859–1914) and home to the important Goya Museum of Spanish art, Spanish painting. Demographics In 1831, the population of Castres was 12,032, making it the larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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