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Guadeloupe Big-eyed Bat
The Guadeloupe big-eyed bat (''Chiroderma improvisum'') is a species of bat in the family Phyllostomidae. It is found in Guadeloupe and Montserrat. It is threatened by habitat loss mostly because of Hurricane Hugo, which destroyed 90% of its population in 1989. The species may be locally extinct in some areas of Guadeloupe. Taxonomy and etymology The Guadeloupe big-eyed bat was described in 1976. The holotype was collected in July 1974 in Baie-Mahault commune of Basse-Terre Island. Its species name is of Latin origin and means "unforeseen" or "unexpected." Baker and Genoways chose this species name because they "did not expect to find ''Chiroderma'' on Guadeloupe because the nearest known representative from the Caribbean occurs on Trinidad and Tobago, 550 kilometers to the south." Baker and Genoways, when initially describing the species, speculated that it might be closely related to the Brazilian big-eyed bat, and that the current two species were relicts of a single, once-w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert James Baker
Robert James Baker (8 April 1942–30 March 2018) was an American mammalogist. He studied bats, as well as the effects of radiation on animals. Early life and education Robert James Baker was born on 8 April 1942 in Warren, Arkansas to parents Laura Cooper and James Simeon Baker, who was killed during World War II. His mother subsequently remarried, and he grew up with six half-siblings. In 1959 he began attending college at Ouachita Baptist University, though he soon transferred, graduating from University of Arkansas at Monticello in 1963. He graduated from Oklahoma State University with his M.S. in 1965 and from University of Arizona with his PhD. Awards and honors In 1979, Baker received the Paul Whitfield Horn Professor Award from Texas Tech University, which is its highest honor. In 1980 he received the C. Hart Merriam Award from the American Society of Mammalogists The American Society of Mammalogists (ASM) was founded in 1919. Its primary purpose is to encourage the st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convergent Evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups. The cladistic term for the same phenomenon is homoplasy. The recurrent evolution of flight is a classic example, as flying insects, birds, pterosaurs, and bats have independently evolved the useful capacity of flight. Functionally similar features that have arisen through convergent evolution are ''analogous'', whereas '' homologous'' structures or traits have a common origin but can have dissimilar functions. Bird, bat, and pterosaur wings are analogous structures, but their forelimbs are homologous, sharing an ancestral state despite serving different functions. The opposite of convergence is divergent evolution, where related species evolve different traits. Convergent evolution is similar to parallel evo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaf-nosed Bat
The New World leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae) are found from southern North America to South America, specifically from the Southwest United States to northern Argentina. They are ecologically the most varied and diverse family within the order Chiroptera. Most species are insectivorous, but the phyllostomid bats include within their number true predatory species and frugivores (subfamily Stenodermatinae and Carolliinae). For example, the spectral bat (''Vampyrum spectrum''), the largest bat in the Americas, eats vertebrate prey, including small, dove-sized birds. Members of this family have evolved to use food groups such as fruit, nectar, pollen, insects, frogs, other bats, and small vertebrates, and in the case of the vampire bats, even blood. Both the scientific and common names derive from their often large, lance-shaped noses, greatly reduced in some of the nectar- and pollen-feeders. Because these bats echolocate nasally, this "nose-leaf" is thought to serve some role ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Periglischrus Iheringi
''Periglischrus'' is a genus of mites in the family Spinturnicidae. There are more than 30 described species in ''Periglischrus'', found in South, Central, and North America, and in Africa. The species of ''Periglischrus'', like the other members of this family, are parasites of bats. They live primarily on the wing and tail membranes of bats throughout all stages of life. Species These 31 species belong to the genus ''Periglischrus'': * ''Periglischrus acutisternus'' Machado-Allison, 1964 * '' Periglischrus caligus'' Kolenati, 1857 * ''Periglischrus cubanus'' Dusbábek, 1968 * '' Periglischrus delfinadoae'' Dusbábek, 1967 * '' Periglischrus dusbabeki'' Machado-Allison & Antequera, 1971 * '' Periglischrus empheresotrichus'' Morales-Malacara, Castaño-Meneses & Klompen in Morales-Malacara et al., 2020 * '' Periglischrus eurysternus'' Morales-Malacara, Juan & Juste, 2002 * '' Periglischrus gameroi'' Machado-Allison & Antequera, 1971 * ''Periglischrus grandisoma'' Herrin & Tipton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spinturnicidae
Spinturnicidae is a family of mites in the order Mesostigmata. The mites are highly specialized parasites of wing or tail membrane or bats. Some species infest eyelids and eye canthi. The species of Spinturnicidae are found in bat habitats throughout the world, living all stages of life on bats. Genera These 11 genera belong to the family Spinturnicidae: * '' Ancystropus'' Kolenati, 1856 * '' Cameronieta'' Machado-Allison, 1965 * '' Emballonuria'' Uchikawa, Zhang, O'Connor & Klompen, 1994 * ''Eyndhovenia ''Eyndhovenia'' is a genus of mites in the family Spinturnicidae Spinturnicidae is a family of mites in the order Mesostigmata. The mites are highly specialized parasite Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one o ...'' Rudnick, 1960 * '' Meristaspis'' Kolenati, 1857 * '' Mesoperiglischrus'' Dusbábek, 1968 * '' Oncoscelus'' Delfinado & Baker, 1963 * '' Parameristaspis'' Advani & Vazirani, 1981 * '' Paraperiglischrus'' Rudnick, 1960 * '' Perigli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acari
Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods). Mites span two large orders of arachnids, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari, but genetic analysis does not show clear evidence of a close relationship. Most mites are tiny, less than in length, and have a simple, unsegmented body plan. The small size of most species makes them easily overlooked; some species live in water, many live in soil as decomposers, others live on plants, sometimes creating galls, while others again are predators or parasites. This last type includes the commercially destructive ''Varroa'' parasite of honey bees, as well as scabies mites of humans. Most species are harmless to humans, but a few are associated with allergies or may transmit diseases. The scientific discipline devoted to the study of mites is called acarology. Evolution and taxonomy The mites are not a defined taxon, but is used for two distinct groups of arachni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactation
Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young. The process naturally occurs with all sexually mature female mammals, although it may predate mammals. The process of feeding milk in all animals (including humans) is called ''nursing'', and in humans it is also called ''breastfeeding''. Newborn infants often produce some milk from their own breast tissue, known colloquially as witch's milk. In most species, lactation is a sign that the female has been pregnant at some point in her life, although it can happen without pregnancy. Nearly every species of mammal has nipples; except for monotremes, egg-laying mammals, which instead release milk through ducts in the abdomen. In only one species of mammal, the Dayak fruit bat from Southeast Asia, is milk production a normal male function. ''Galactopoiesis'' is the maintenance of milk production. This stage requires prolactin. Oxytocin is critical for t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frugivore
A frugivore is an animal that thrives mostly on raw fruits or succulent fruit-like produce of plants such as roots, shoots, nuts and seeds. Approximately 20% of mammalian herbivores eat fruit. Frugivores are highly dependent on the abundance and nutritional composition of fruits. Frugivores can benefit or hinder fruit-producing plants by either dispersing or destroying their seeds through digestion. When both the fruit-producing plant and the frugivore benefit by fruit-eating behavior the interaction is a form of mutualism. Frugivore seed dispersal Seed dispersal is important for plants because it allows their progeny to move away from their parents over time. The advantages of seed dispersal may have led to the evolution of fleshy fruits, which entice animals to consume them and move the plant's seeds from place to place. While many fruit-producing plant species would not disperse far without frugivores, their seeds can usually germinate even if they fall to the ground directl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karyotype
A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of metaphase chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is discerned by determining the chromosome complement of an individual, including the number of chromosomes and any abnormalities. A karyogram or idiogram is a graphical depiction of a karyotype, wherein chromosomes are organized in pairs, ordered by size and position of centromere for chromosomes of the same size. Karyotyping generally combines light microscopy and photography, and results in a photomicrographic (or simply micrographic) karyogram. In contrast, a schematic karyogram is a designed graphic representation of a karyotype. In schematic karyograms, just one of the sister chromatids of each chromosome is generally shown for brevity, and in reality they are generally so close together that they look as one on photomicrographs as well ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chromosome
A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are the histones. These proteins, aided by chaperone proteins, bind to and condense the DNA molecule to maintain its integrity. These chromosomes display a complex three-dimensional structure, which plays a significant role in transcriptional regulation. Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). Before this happens, each chromosome is duplicated ( S phase), and both copies are joined by a centromere, resulting either in an X-shaped structure (pictured above), if the centromere is located equatorially, or a two-arm structure, if the centromere is located distally. The joined copies are now called si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ploidy
Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell (biology), cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for Autosome, autosomal and Pseudoautosomal region, pseudoautosomal genes. Sets of chromosomes refer to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respectively, in each homologous chromosome pair, which chromosomes naturally exist as. Somatic cells, Tissue (biology), tissues, and Individual#Biology, individual organisms can be described according to the number of sets of chromosomes present (the "ploidy level"): monoploid (1 set), diploid (2 sets), triploid (3 sets), tetraploid (4 sets), pentaploid (5 sets), hexaploid (6 sets), heptaploid or septaploid (7 sets), etc. The generic term polyploidy, polyploid is often used to describe cells with three or more chromosome sets. Virtually all sexual reproduction, sexually reproducing organisms are made up of somatic cells that are diploid or greater, but ploidy level may vary widely between different or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nose-leaf
A nose-leaf, or leaf nose, is an often large, lance-shaped nose, found in bats of the Phyllostomidae, Hipposideridae The Hipposideridae are a family of bats commonly known as the Old World leaf-nosed bats. While it has often been seen as a subfamily, Hipposiderinae, of the family Rhinolophidae, it is now more generally classified as its own family.Simmons, 20 ..., and Rhinolophidae families. Because these bats echolocate nasally, this nose-leaf is thought to serve some role in modifying and directing the echolocation call. The shape of the nose-leaf can be an important for identifying and classifying bats. Furthermore, the shape of the nose-leaf can identify behavior of the bat itself; by example, in the families that have the nose-leaf, experiments have shown it to act as a baffle and focus their emission beams. References {{bat-stub Bats Nose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_Lorryia_formosa_2_edit.jpg "Click for more on -> Acari")
