Gonyleptidae

	Gonyleptidae Gonyleptidae is a neotropical family of harvestmen (Order Opiliones) with more than 800 species, the largest in the Suborder Laniatores and the second largest of the Opiliones as a whole. The largest known harvestmen are gonyleptids. Like most harvestmen, gonyleptids are almost exclusively nocturnal, except some Caelopyginae, Goniosomatinae, (during reproductive season), Gonyleptinae, Mitobatinae, Pachylinae and Progonyleptoidellinae. Most species inhabit dense tropical, subtropical and temperate (Chile) forests, but some occur in open vegetation as the Pampas, the Cerrado, and the Caatinga. There are some species that live in caves, but only three troglobites are recorded for the family. Name The family is named after the type genus ''Gonyleptes'', which is derived from Greek ''gony, gonatos'' = joint, knee + ''leptos, ê, on'' = thin, fine, delicate. Gg Diagnosis Laniatores with coxa IV immensely developed, widely surpassing dorsal scutum in dorsal view in most species. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Harvestmen The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs. , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of extant species may exceed 10,000. The order Opiliones includes five suborders: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, Laniatores, and Tetrophthalmi, which were named in 2014. Representatives of each extant suborder can be found on all continents except Antarctica. Well-preserved fossils have been found in the 400-million-year-old Rhynie cherts of Scotland, and 305-million-year-old rocks in France. These fossils look surprisingly modern, indicating that their basic body shape developed very early on, and, at least in some taxa, has changed little since that time. Their phylogenetic position within the Arachnida is disputed; their closest relatives may be the mites (Acari) or the Novogenuata (the Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, and Solifugae). Altho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Caelopyginae Caelopyginae is a harvestmen sub-family in the family Gonyleptidae, containing the following genera: * ''Ampheres In Greek mythology, Ampheres (Ancient Greek: Ἀμφήρη means "fitted") was one of the ten sons of Poseidon and Cleito in Plato's myth of Atlantis. He was the elder brother of Evaemon and his other siblings were Atlas and Eumelus, Mneseus and ...'' Koch, 1839 – includes ''Prosodreana'' Giltay, 1928, ''Coelopygulus'' Roewer, 1931, ''Zalonius'' Mello-Leitão, 1936, ''Metampheroides'' Mello-Leitão, 1941 and ''Pizaius'' Soares, 1942 * '' Arthrodes'' Koch, 1839 * '' Caelopygus'' Koch, 1839 – includes ''Liarthrodes'' Mello-Leitão, 1922 and ''Heterarthrodes'' Mello-Leitão, 1935 * '' Garatiba'' Mello-Leitão, 1940 * '' Metampheres'' Roewer, 1913 * '' Metarthrodes'' Roewer, 1913 – includes ''Exochobunus'' Mello-Leitão, 1931, ''Heterampheres'' Mello-Leitão, 1935, ''Varzellinia'' Mello-Leitão, 1942 and ''Kapichaba'' Mello-Leitão, 1942 * '' Pristocnemis'' Koch, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pachylinae Pachylinae is the most diverse subfamily of the harvestman family Gonyleptidae Gonyleptidae is a neotropical family of harvestmen (Order Opiliones) with more than 800 species, the largest in the Suborder Laniatores and the second largest of the Opiliones as a whole. The largest known harvestmen are gonyleptids. Like most h ..., including around 400 valid species. Major groups of species occur in the Brazilian Atlantic forest, Bolivian/Peruvian highlands, Argentina and Chilean temperate forest. Genera Currently, 129 genera are recognised: '' Acanthopachylopsis'' H. E. M. Soares & B. A. Soares, 1949 '' Acanthopachylus'' Roewer, 1913 '' Acanthoprocta'' Loman, 1899 '' Acrographinotus'' Roewer, 1929 '' = Unduavius'' Roewer, 1929 '' Allogonyleptes'' Roewer, 1917 '' Anoplogynopsis'' H. Soares, 1966 '' Anoplogynus'' Piza, 1938 '' Antetriceras'' Roewer, 1949 '' Beckeresia'' H. Soares, 1970 '' Berlaia'' Mello-Leitão, 1940 '' Biconisoma'' Roewer, 1936 '' Bristoweia'' Mell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeography, the Neotropic or Neotropical realm is one of the eight terrestrial realms. This realm includes South America, Central America, the Caribbean islands, and southern North America. In Mexico, the Yucatán Peninsula and southern lowlands, and most of the east and west coastlines, including the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula are Neotropical. In the United States southern Florida and coastal Central Florida are considered Neotropical. The realm also includes temperate southern South America. In contrast, the Neotropical Floristic Kingdom excludes southernmost South America, which instead is placed in the Antarctic kingdom. The Neotropic is delimited by similarities in fauna or flora. Its fauna and flora are distinct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Laniatores Laniatores is the largest suborder of the arachnid order Opiliones with over 4,000 described species worldwide. The majority of the species are highly dependent on humid environments and usually correlated with tropical and temperate forest habitats. Laniatores are typically (relatively) short-legged, hard-plated, spiny Opiliones, common under logs and stones, in leaf litter and in caves. They often have spiny pedipalps and paired or branched claws on the third and fourth pairs of legs.Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 17 The largest family is Gonyleptidae Sundevall, 1833, endemic of the Neotropics, with over 800 valid species and showing many cases of maternal and paternal care. Identification The dorsal scutum consists of a single piece, with the carapace or peltidium entirely fused with abdominal scutum. The pedipalpus is usually robust and armed with strong spines. The ovipositor is short and unsegmented (derived character state shared with the Dyspnoi). The penis is complex, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]