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Gondwanatheres
Gondwanatheria is an extinct group of mammaliaforms that lived in parts of Gondwana, including Madagascar, India, South America, Africa and Antarctica during the Upper Cretaceous through the Paleogene (and possibly much earlier, if '' Allostaffia'' is a member of this group). Until recently, they were known only from isolated teeth, a few lower jaws, two partial skulls and one complete cranium. They are generally considered to be closely related to the multituberculates and likely the euharamiyidians, well known from the Northern Hemisphere, with which they form the clade Allotheria. Classification For several decades the affinities of the group were not clear, being first interpreted as early xenarthrans, or "toothless" mammals similar to the modern anteater. A variety of studies have placed them as allotheres related to multituberculates, possibly even true multituberculates, closer to cimolodonts than "plagiaulacidans" are. However, a more recent study recovered them as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lavanify
''Lavanify'' is a mammalian genus from the late Cretaceous (probably Maastrichtian, about 71 to 66 million years ago) of Madagascar. The only species, ''L. miolaka'', is known from two isolated teeth, one of which is damaged. The teeth were collected in 1995–1996 and described in 1997. The animal is classified as a member of Gondwanatheria, an enigmatic extinct group with unclear phylogenetic relationships, and within Gondwanatheria as a member of the family Sudamericidae. ''Lavanify'' is most closely related to the Indian ''Bharattherium''; the South American '' Sudamerica'' and '' Gondwanatherium'' are more distantly related. Gondwanatheres probably ate hard plant material. ''Lavanify'' had high- crowned, curved teeth. One of the two teeth is 11.2 mm high and shows a deep furrow and, is centered laterally in the crown, a V-shaped area that consists of dentine. The other, damaged, tooth is 9.8 mm high and has at least one deep cavity (infundibulum). Characters s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferugliotheriidae
Ferugliotheriidae is one of three known families in the order Gondwanatheria, an enigmatic group of extinct mammals. Gondwanatheres have been classified as a group of uncertain affinities or as members of Multituberculata, a major extinct mammalian order. The best-known representative of Ferugliotheriidae is the genus '' Ferugliotherium'' from the Late Cretaceous epoch in Argentina. A second genus, '' Trapalcotherium'', is known from a single tooth, a first lower molariform ( molar-like tooth), from a different Late Cretaceous Argentinean locality. Another genus known from a single tooth (in this case, a fourth lower premolar), '' Argentodites'', was first described as an unrelated multituberculate, but later identified as possibly related to ''Ferugliotherium''. Finally, a single tooth from the Paleogene of Peru, LACM 149371, perhaps a last upper molariform, and a recent specimen from Mexico, may represent related animals. Ferugliotheriids are known from isolated, low-crowned ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bharattherium
''Bharattherium'' is a mammal that lived in India during the Maastrichtian (latest Cretaceous) and possibly the Paleocene. The genus has a single species, ''Bharattherium bonapartei''. It is part of the gondwanathere family Sudamericidae, which is also found in Madagascar and South America during the latest Cretaceous. The first fossil of ''Bharattherium'' was discovered in 1989 and published in 1997, but the animal was not named until 2007, when two teams independently named the animal ''Bharattherium bonapartei'' and ''Dakshina jederi''. The latter name is now a synonym. ''Bharattherium'' is known from a total of eight isolated fossil teeth, including one incisor and seven molariforms ( molar-like teeth, either premolars or true molars). ''Bharattherium'' molariforms are high, curved teeth, with a height of . In a number of teeth tentatively identified as fourth lower molariforms (mf4), there is a large furrow on one side and a deep cavity (infundibulum) in the middle of the to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentodites
''Argentodites'' is a possible multituberculate mammal from the Cretaceous of Argentina. The single species, ''Argentodites coloniensis'', is known from a single blade-like fourth lower premolar (p4) from the La Colonia Formation, which is mostly or entirely Maastrichtian (latest Cretaceous) in age. The p4 is 4.15 mm long and bears eight cusps on its upper margin and long associated ridges on both sides. The enamel consists of prisms that are completely or partly surrounded by a sheath and that are on average 6.57 μm apart. Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska, who described and named the fossil in 2007, regarded it as a multituberculate, perhaps a cimolodontan—and thus, a member of a mostly Laurasian (northern) group and an immigrant to Argentina from North America—on the basis of the shape of the tooth and features of its enamel. In 2009, however, two teams argued that ''Argentodites'' may in fact be close to or identical with ''Ferugliotherium'', a member of the small Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sudamerica
''Sudamerica'', literally "South America" in Spanish, is a genus of mammal from the extinct suborder Gondwanatheria that lived in Patagonia, Argentina (Salamanca Formation) and Antarctica (La Meseta Formation) from the Middle Paleocene (Peligran), just after the end of the " Age of Dinosaurs", to the Early Eocene (Casamayoran).''Sudamerica'' at Fossilworks.org Etymology The genus and species were named by Scillato-Yané and R. Pascual in 1984. The genus is also known by the synonym ''Sudamericana'' and the species epithet ''ameghinoi'' refers to notable Argentinian paleontologist |
Greniodon
''Greniodon'' is a genus of extinct gondwanatherian mammal known from the Early to Middle Eocene ( Lutetian age, Mustersan to Divisaderan The Divisaderan age is a South American land mammal age, covering a period of geologic time (42.0–36.0 Mya (unit), Ma) within the Middle Eocene, Middle and Late Eocene epochs of the Paleogene. It follows the Mustersan age and is followed by the Ti ... in the SALMA classification) of Argentina. A single species, ''Greniodon sylvaticus'', is known, described in 2012 on the basis of two teeth found in the Andesitas Huancache Formation. It is named after the late Juan Grenier, owner of the “26 de Mayo” farm, and his family, and – odon , from the Greek odontos (tooth). The specific name sylvaticus comes after the Latin sylva, forest, in reference to the inferred paleofloral environment in which the mammal lived. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Groeberiidae
Groeberiidae is a family of strange non-placental mammals from the Eocene and Oligocene epochs of Patagonia, Argentina and Chile, South America. Originally classified as paucituberculate marsupials, they were suggested to be late representatives of the allothere clade Gondwanatheria. However, the relationship of the type genus, '' Groeberia'', to Gondwanatheria has been firmly rejected by other scholars. History The type species, '' Groeberia minoprioi'', was first described by Bryan Patterson in 1952. This type specimen, MMP 738, is composed of a mandibular symphisis, incisors and four broken molars. A second species within the genus, '' Groeberia pattersoni'', was described by G. G. Simpson in 1970, and is known from at least two specimens.Goin, F.J., Abello M.A. & Chornogubsky L. 2010Middle Tertiary marsupials from Central Patagonia (Early Oligocene of Gran Barranca): Understanding South America’s ''Grande Coupure'' En: Madden R.H., Carlini A.A., Vucetich M.G. & Kay R.F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adalatherium
''Adalatherium'' (meaning "crazy beast") is an extinct gondwanatherian that lived on Madagascar during the Cretaceous period, during the Maastrichtian. The discovery of the first nearly-complete ''Adalatherium'' skeleton from the Maevarano Formation was announced in April 2020. While typical mammals found from that era were around the size of a mouse, the skeleton found — thought to merely be a juvenile — was 60 cm (2 ft) long. It is depicted in reconstructions as being built somewhat like a badger. Its skeleton is the most complete of any Southern Hemisphere Mesozoic mammal. Additionally, the front of the skull contains more Foramen, foramina than any known mammal. References Gondwanatheres Late Cretaceous mammals Maastrichtian life Cretaceous Madagascar Fossils of Madagascar Maevarano fauna Fossil taxa described in 2020 Taxa named by David W. Krause Taxa named by Simone Hoffmann Taxa named by Yaoming Hu Taxa named by John R. Wible Taxa named by Guillermo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magallanodon
''Magallanodon'' is a genus of mammals from the extinct group Gondwanatheria. It contains a single species, ''Magallanodon baikashkenke''. The species is the first Mesozoic mammal known from Chile, and is Late Cretaceous in age. It is known from individual teeth found in a quarry in the Río de Las Chinas Valley and La Anita Farm located in the Magallanes Basin in Patagonia. The fossils come from the Dorotea Formation and Chorrillo Formation, which is Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian in age. Etymology The name ''Magallanodon'' comes from the Magallanes Region The Magallanes Region (), officially the Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region ( es, Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), is one of Chile's 16 first order administrative divisions. It is the southernmost, largest, and second lea ... in southern Chile and ''odontos'', Greek for tooth. The species name, ''M. baikashkenke'' is taken from the Tehuelchian words ''bai'' (grandfather) and ''kashkenke' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trapalcotherium
''Trapalcotherium'' is a fossil mammal from the Cretaceous of Argentina in the family Ferugliotheriidae. The single species, ''T. matuastensis'', is known from one tooth, a first lower molar. It is from the Allen Formation, which is probably Maastrichtian in age, and was first described in 2009. The tooth bears two rows of cusps, one at the inner (lingual) side and the other at the outer (labial) side, which are connected by transverse ridges separated by deep valleys. This pattern is reminiscent of '' Ferugliotherium'', a gondwanathere mammal from similarly aged deposits in Argentina, and ''Trapalcotherium'' is therefore recognized as a member of the same family Ferugliotheriidae. Ferugliotheriidae is one of two families of gondwanatheres, an enigmatic group without close relationships to any living mammals. Discovery and context The only known fossil of ''Trapalcotherium'' was found at Cerro Tortuga in Río Negro Province, southern Argentina. This locality is in the Allen F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferugliotherium
''Ferugliotherium'' is a genus of fossil mammals in the family Ferugliotheriidae from the Campanian and/or Maastrichtian period (Late Cretaceous; around 70 million years ago) of Argentina. It contains a single species, ''Ferugliotherium windhauseni'', which was first described in 1986. Although originally interpreted on the basis of a single brachydont (low- crowned) molar as a member of Multituberculata, an extinct group of small, rodent-like mammals, it was recognized as related to the hypsodont (high-crowned) Sudamericidae following the discovery of additional material in the early 1990s. After a jaw of the sudamericid '' Sudamerica'' was described in 1999, these animals (collectively known as Gondwanatheria) were no longer considered to be multituberculates and a few fossils that were previously considered to be ''Ferugliotherium'' were assigned to unspecified multituberculates instead. Since 2005, a relationship between gondwanatheres and multituberculates has again received ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adalatheriidae than any known mammal.''Adalatherium'' (meaning "crazy beast") is an extinct gondwanatherian that lived on Madagascar during the Cretaceous period, during the Maastrichtian. The discovery of the first nearly-complete ''Adalatherium'' skeleton from the Maevarano Formation was announced in April 2020. While typical mammals found from that era were around the size of a mouse, the skeleton found — thought to merely be a juvenile — was 60 cm (2 ft) long. It is depicted in reconstructions as being built somewhat like a badger. Its skeleton is the most complete of any Southern Hemisphere Mesozoic mammal. Additionally, the front of the skull contains more foramina In anatomy and osteology, a foramen (; in [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
