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Gonchigjalzangiin Badamdorj
Gonchigjalzangiin Badamdorj (; ; ''Padma Dorje;'’ 1850-1921) was an early 20th-century Mongolian religious figure and prime minister under the History of Mongolia#Bogda Khaanate of Mongolia, Bogd Khaanate from late 1919 to January 1920. He is most remembered in Mongolia for caving to Qing threats and agreeing to Mongolia's "voluntary" Occupation of Mongolia, relinquishment of independence from Chinese rule in 1919. Early career Little is known about Badamdorj's early life, however, from 1900 to 1911 served as an administrator, or ''Erdene Shanzav'' of the Bogd Gegeen, Bogd Gegeen's estates. He was a close confidant, advisor, and tutor to the Khalkha spiritual leader, the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, (later to become the Bogd Khan) who, in 1895 dispatched him to St. Petersburg as the first Mongolian envoy to meet with the newly enthroned Tsar, Czar Nicholas II and probe Russian willingness to support Mongolian aspirations for independence from Manchu rule. The Russians responded p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren
Tögs-Ochiryn Namnansüren (; ; ; 1878 – April 1919), full title: Sain Noyon Khan Namnansüren (, Good noyon khan Namnansüren), was a powerful hereditary prince and prominent early 20th-century Mongolian independence leader. He served as the first prime minister of Autonomous Mongolia in the government of the Bogd Khan from 1912 until 1915, when the office of prime minister was abolished. He was then appointed minister of the army. Biography Namnansüren, who allegedly could trace his heritage directly back to Genghis Khan, was born in 1878 in present-day Uyanga district of Övörkhangai Province. In 1896 he became prince, or "khan", of Sain Noyon Khan Province, one of the four Khalkh Mongol provinces established by the Qing dynasty. He married in 1900. In 1911, Namnansüren persuaded Mongolia's religious leader Bogd Khan to call a congress of Mongol princes and high-ranking lamas in Khüree to initiate independence from China. The Bogd Khan then dispatched him to Sai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amban
Amban (Manchu language, Manchu and Mongolian language, Mongol: ''Amban'', Standard Tibetan, Tibetan: ་''am ben'', , Uyghur language, Uighur:''am ben'') is a Manchu language term meaning "high official", corresponding to a number of different Qing#Bureaucracy, official titles in the imperial government of Qing dynasty, Qing China. For instance, members of the Grand Council (Qing dynasty), Grand Council were called ''Coohai nashūn-i amban'' in the Manchu language and Qing Governor-General (China), governor-generals were called ''Uheri kadalara amban'' (). The most well-known ambans were the Qing imperial Resident (title), residents (Manchu: ''Seremšeme tehe amban''; ; Tibetan: ''Ngang pai'') in Tibet under Qing rule, Tibet, Qinghai, Mongolia under Qing rule, Mongolia and Xinjiang under Qing rule, Xinjiang, which were territories of Qing China, but were not governed as regular provinces and retained many of their existing institutions. The Qing imperial residents can be rou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Ministers Of Mongolia
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, or , involve 5 itself. However, 4 is composite because it is a product (2 × 2) in which both numbers are smaller than 4. Primes are central in number theory because of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic: every natural number greater than 1 is either a prime itself or can be factorized as a product of primes that is unique up to their order. The property of being prime is called primality. A simple but slow method of checking the primality of a given number n, called trial division, tests whether n is a multiple of any integer between 2 and \sqrt. Faster algorithms include the Miller–Rabin primality test, which is fast but has a small chance of error, and the AKS primality test, which always pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Mongolia
The Prime Minister of Mongolia () is the head of government of Mongolia and heads the Mongolian cabinet. The Prime Minister is appointed by the Mongolian parliament or the State Great Hural, and can be removed by the parliament with a vote of no confidence. The incumbent prime minister is Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene, who has served since 27 January 2021. He replaced Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh, who was elected to the presidency. Powers The Prime Minister has full powers to hire and fire his cabinet ministers and appoints the governors of the 21 aimags of Mongolia, as well as the governor of the capital, Ulaanbaatar.Montsame News Agency. ''Mongolia''. 2006, Foreign Service office of Montsame News Agency, , p. 47 History The office of Prime Minister was established in 1912, shortly after (Outer) Mongolia first declared independence from the Manchu Qing Dynasty. This was not recognized by many nations. By the time of Mongolia's second (and more generally recognized) declaration of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balingiin Tserendorj
Balingiin Tserendorj ( mn, Балингийн Цэрэндорж; May 25, 1868 – February 13, 1928) titles ''Khicheengui Said'' (Хичээнгүй Сайд, Diligent/Earnest Minister); ''Khicheengui Gün'' (Хичээнгүй Гүн, ducal title), was a prominent Mongolian political figure of the early 20th century who served as the first Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Mongolia from 1924 until his death in 1928. Between 1913 and 1924 he held several high-ranking positions within a succession of Mongolian governments including; the Bogd Khaanate (1911–1924), the Chinese occupation (1919-1921), and the puppet regime under Roman Ungern von Sternberg (1921). Early life and career Tserendorj was born in 1868 as a subject to the Great Shabi (the estate of the personal retainers of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu) in Kherlen Bayan Ulaan in present-day Khentii Province. He spoke Mongolian, Manchu, Chinese and Russian and worked as a scribe and translator in the local ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xu Shuzheng
Hsu Seu-Cheng or Xu Shuzheng (; ) (11 November 1880 – 29 December 1925) was a Chinese warlord in Republican China. A subordinate and right-hand man of Duan Qirui, he was a prominent member of the Anhui clique. Early life Xu was born in Xiao County, Jiangsu (now part of Anhui province), with a scholar family background. He was one of the youngest persons ever to pass the Imperial examinations. In 1905 he was accepted into the Japanese School of Land Army Officials, and returned to China in 1910. From 1911-17 he served in the First Army in various positions on the general staff, such as chief of the Logistics Department, deputy chief of land forces and chief of land forces. In 1914 he founded a middle school called Cheng Da Middle School, which is the predecessor of today’s Affiliated High School of the Capital Normal College. In 1918 Xu founded the Anfu Club, the political arm of the Anhui clique, which then won three-fourths of the seats in the National Assembly. La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigory Mikhaylovich Semyonov
Grigory Mikhaylovich Semyonov, or Semenov (russian: Григо́рий Миха́йлович Семёнов; September 25, 1890 – August 30, 1946), was a Japanese-supported leader of the White movement in Transbaikal and beyond from December 1917 to November 1920, a lieutenant general, and the ''ataman'' of Baikal Cossacks (1919). Semyonov was also a prominent figure in the White Terror. Early life and career Semyonov, born in the Transbaikal region of eastern Siberia. His father, Mikhail Petrovich Semyonov, was Russian; his mother was a Buryat. Semyonov spoke Mongolian and Buryat fluently. He joined the Imperial Russian Army in 1908 and graduated from Orenburg Military School in 1911. Commissioned first as a khorunzhiy (cornet or lieutenant), he rose to the rank of ''yesaul'' (Cossack captain), distinguished himself in battle against the Germans and the Austro-Hungarians in World War I, and earned the Saint George's Cross for courage.Bisher, ''White Terror''. Pyotr Wran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of China (1912–1949)
The Republic of China (ROC), between 1912 and 1949, was a sovereign state recognised as the official designation of China when it was based on Mainland China, prior to the Retreat of the government of the Republic of China to Taiwan, relocation of Government of the Republic of China, its central government to Taiwan as a result of the Chinese Civil War. At a Population history of China, population of 541 million in 1949, it was the List of countries and dependencies by population, world's most populous country. Covering , it consisted of 35 provinces of China, provinces, 1 Special administrative regions of China#ROC special administrative regions, special administrative region, 2 regions, 12 special municipality (Republic of China), special municipalities, 14 leagues, and 4 special banners. The China, People's Republic of China (PRC), which rules mainland China today, considers ROC as a country that ceased to exist since 1949; thus, the history of ROC before 1949 is often ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuan Shikai
Yuan Shikai (; 16 September 1859 – 6 June 1916) was a Chinese military and government official who rose to power during the late Qing dynasty and eventually ended the Qing dynasty rule of China in 1912, later becoming the Emperor of China. He first tried to save the dynasty with a number of modernization projects including bureaucratic, fiscal, judicial, educational, and other reforms, despite playing a key part in the failure of the Hundred Days' Reform. He established the first modern army and a more efficient provincial government in North China during the last years of the Qing dynasty before forcing the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor, the last monarch of the Qing dynasty in 1912. Through negotiation, he became the first President of the Republic of China in 1912. This army and bureaucratic control were the foundation of his autocratic rule. In 1915 he attempted to restore the hereditary monarchy in China, with himself as the Hongxian Emperor (). His death in 1916 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Outer Mongolian Revolution Of 1911
The Mongolian Revolution of 1911 (Mongol: Үндэсний эрх чөлөөний хувьсгал, , ''Ündèsnij èrx čölöönij xuv’sgal'') occurred when the region of Outer Mongolia declared its independence from the Manchu-led Qing China during the Xinhai Revolution. A combination of factors including economic hardship and failure to resist Western imperialism led many in China to be unhappy with the Qing government. When a new program to settle Mongolia with ethnic Han and assimilate the natives was unveiled, it was met with resistance that resulted in a relatively bloodless separation from the Qing Empire. Many Barga and Inner Mongolian chieftains assisted in the revolution and became the revolution leaders. Background By the early 20th century, Mongolia was impoverished. Repercussions from the Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864) were primarily responsible for this economic deterioration. Loss of tax revenue from South China during the rebellion and expenses for its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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