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Golden Lane, London
Golden Lane, originally known as Goldeslane or Goldyng Lane, then Golding Lane, is a street in the City of London that runs north–south, between Old Street in the north, and Beech Street in the south. It dates back to at least 1274 and was the site of Edward Alleyn's Fortune Theatre that was built in 1600. The street was almost completely destroyed by bombing during the Second World War before being rebuilt in the post-war era. Origins Gillian Bebbington notes that the lane dates back to at least 1274 when it was known as Goldeslane and probably connected with Richard, son of Golda, who is recorded as owning land in the area in 1245. ''The London Encyclopaedia'' agrees that the lane was probably named after a family who had property there and gives its original name as Golding Lane"Golden Lane" in while Al Smith gives th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golden Lane View South From Junction With Old Street 01
Golden means made of, or relating to gold. Golden may also refer to: Places United Kingdom *Golden, in the parish of Probus, Cornwall *Golden Cap, Dorset *Golden Square, Soho, London *Golden Valley, a valley on the River Frome, Stroud#Golden Valley, River Frome in Gloucestershire *Golden Valley, Herefordshire United States *Golden, Colorado, a town West of Denver, county seat of Jefferson County *Golden, Idaho, an unincorporated community *Golden, Illinois, a village *Golden Township, Michigan *Golden, Mississippi, a village *Golden City, Missouri, a city *Golden, Missouri, an unincorporated community *Golden, Nebraska, ghost town in Burt County *Golden Township, Holt County, Nebraska *Golden, New Mexico, a sparsely populated ghost town *Golden, Oregon, an abandoned mining town *Golden, Texas, an unincorporated community *Golden, Utah, a ghost town *Golden, Marshall County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Elsewhere *Golden, County Tipperary, Ireland, a village on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Street Lighting
A street light, light pole, lamp pole, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or path. Similar lights may be found on a railway platform. When urban electric power distribution became ubiquitous in developed countries in the 20th century, lights for urban streets followed, or sometimes led. Many lamps have light-sensitive photocells that activate the lamp automatically when needed, at times when there is little-to-no ambient light, such as at dusk, dawn, or at the onset of dark weather conditions. This function in older lighting systems could be performed with the aid of a solar dial. Many street light systems are being connected underground instead of wiring from one utility pole, utility post to another. Street lights are an important source of public security lighting intended to reduce crime. History Preindustrial era Early lamps were used by Greek and Roman civilizations, where light primarily served t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archibald Macdonald
Sir Archibald Macdonald, 1st Baronet (13 July 1747 – 18 May 1826) was a Scottish lawyer, judge and politician. Early life He was the posthumous son of Sir Alexander Macdonald, 7th Baronet, and younger brother of the 8th baronet (see Baron Macdonald), born at Armadale Castle on Skye. He was brought to England, away from Jacobite influence and entered Westminster School in 1760. He went on to Christ Church, Oxford in 1764, graduating B.A. in 1768 and M.A. in 1772. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1770. In politics Macdonald was Member of Parliament for Hindon in Wiltshire (1777–1780) and then for Newcastle-under-Lyme (1780–1792), a seat where his father-in-law had a strong influence. In politics, Macdonald followed the Whig lead of his father-in-law. He became solicitor-general in 1784 and attorney-general, and was knighted, in 1788. He served as the prosecutor in Thomas Paine's criminal libel trial over the publication of ''Rights of Man'' in 1792. The 1792 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humphry Davy
Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet, (17 December 177829 May 1829) was a British chemist and inventor who invented the Davy lamp and a very early form of arc lamp. He is also remembered for isolating, by using electricity, several elements for the first time: potassium and sodium in 1807 and calcium, strontium, barium, magnesium and boron the following year, as well as for discovering the elemental nature of chlorine and iodine. Davy also studied the forces involved in these separations, inventing the new field of electrochemistry. Davy is also credited to have been the first to discover clathrate hydrates in his lab. In 1799 he experimented with nitrous oxide and was astonished at how it made him laugh, so he nicknamed it "laughing gas" and wrote about its potential anaesthetic properties in relieving pain during surgery. Davy was a baronet, President of the Royal Society (PRS), Member of the Royal Irish Academy (MRIA), Fellow of the Geological Society (FGS), and a member ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Secret
Trade secrets are a type of intellectual property that includes formulas, practices, processes, designs, instruments, patterns, or compilations of information that have inherent economic value because they are not generally known or readily ascertainable by others, and which the owner takes reasonable measures to keep secret. Intellectual property law gives the owner of a trade secret the right to restrict others from disclosing it. In some jurisdictions, such secrets are referred to as confidential information. Definition The precise language by which a trade secret is defined varies by jurisdiction, as do the particular types of information that are subject to trade secret protection. Three factors are common to all such definitions: A trade secret is information that * is not generally known to the public; * confers economic benefit on its holder the information is not publicly known; and * where the holder makes reasonable efforts to maintain its secrecy. In internation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Murdoch
William Murdoch (sometimes spelled Murdock) (21 August 1754 – 15 November 1839) was a Scottish engineer and inventor. Murdoch was employed by the firm of Boulton & Watt and worked for them in Cornwall, as a steam engine erector for ten years, spending most of the rest of his life in Birmingham, England. Murdoch was the inventor of the oscillating cylinder steam engine, and gas lighting is attributed to him in the early 1790s, as well as the term "gasometer". However the Dutch-Belgian Academic Jean-Pierre Minckelers had already published on coal gasification and gas lighting in 1784, and had used gas to light his auditorium at the University of Leuven from 1785. Archibald Cochrane, 9th Earl of Dundonald, had also used gas for lighting his family estate from 1789 onwards. Murdoch also made innovations to the steam engine, including the sun and planet gear and D slide valve. He invented the steam gun and the pneumatic tube message system, and worked on one of the first Brit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finings
Finings are substances that are usually added at or near the completion of the processing of brewing wine, beer, and various nonalcoholic juice beverages. They are used to remove organic compounds, either to improve clarity or adjust flavor or aroma. The removed compounds may be sulfides, proteins, polyphenols, benzenoids, or copper ions. Unless they form a stable sediment in the final container, the spent finings are usually discarded from the beverage along with the target compounds that they capture. The term “finings” is a mass noun rather than a plural. Substances used as finings include egg whites, blood, milk, isinglass, and Irish moss. These are still used by some producers, but more modern substances have also been introduced and are more widely used, including bentonite, gelatin, casein, carrageenan, alginate, diatomaceous earth, pectinase, pectolyase, PVPP, kieselsol (colloidal silica), copper sulfate, dried albumen (egg whites), hydrated yeast, and activated ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satirist (magazine)
This is an incomplete list of writers, cartoonists and others known for involvement in satire – humorous social criticism. They are grouped by era and listed by year of birth. Included is a list of modern satires. Under Contemporary, 1930-1960 P.J. O'Rourke Joe Queenan Early satirical authors * Aesop (c. 620–560 BCE, Ancient Greece) – '' Aesop's Fables'' *Diogenes (c. 412–323 BCE, Ancient Greece) *Aristophanes (c. 448–380 BCE, Ancient Greece) – ''The Frogs'', '' The Birds'', and '' The Clouds'' * Gaius Lucilius (c. 180–103 BCE, Roman Republic) *Horace (65–8 BCE, Roman Republic) – ''Satires'' *Ovid (43 BCE – 17 CE, Roman Republic/Roman Empire) – '' The Art of Love'' *Seneca the Younger (c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Hispania/Rome) – '' Apocolocyntosis'' *Persius (34–62 CE, Roman Empire) *Petronius (c. 27–66 CE, Roman Empire) – '' Satyricon'' *Juvenal (1st to early 2nd cc. CE, Roman Empire) – ''Satires'' *Lucian (c. 120–180 CE, Roman Empire) * Apuleius (c. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isinglass
Isinglass () is a substance obtained from the dried swim bladders of fish. It is a form of collagen used mainly for the clarification or fining of some beer and wine. It can also be cooked into a paste for specialised gluing purposes. The English word origin is from the obsolete Dutch ''huizenblaas'' – ''huizen'' is a kind of sturgeon, and ''blaas'' is a bladder, or German ''Hausenblase'', meaning essentially the same. Although originally made exclusively from sturgeon, especially beluga, in 1795 an invention by William Murdoch facilitated a cheap substitute using cod. This was extensively used in Britain in place of Russian isinglass, and in the US hake was important. In modern British brewing all commercial isinglass products are blends of material from a limited range of tropical fish. The bladders, once removed from the fish, processed, and dried, are formed into various shapes for use. Foods and drinks Before the inexpensive production of gelatin and other compe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HM Excise
His or Her Majesty's Excise refers to 'inland' duties levied on articles at the time of their manufacture. Excise duty was first raised in England in 1643. Like HM Customs (a far older branch of the revenue services), the Excise was administered by a Board of Commissioners who were accountable to the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury. While 'HM Revenue of Excise' was a phrase used in early legislation to refer to this form of duty, the body tasked with its collection and general administration was usually known as the Excise Office. In 1849 the Board of Excise was merged with the Board of Stamps and Taxes to form a new department: the Inland Revenue. Sixty years later the Excise department was demerged from the Inland Revenue and amalgamated with HM Customs to form HM Customs and Excise (which was itself amalgamated with the Inland Revenue in 2005 to create HM Revenue and Customs). Organisation Following the example of HM Customs, the Board of Excise set up a network of admin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boulton & Watt
Boulton & Watt was an early British engineering and manufacturing firm in the business of designing and making marine and stationary steam engines. Founded in the English West Midlands around Birmingham in 1775 as a partnership between the English manufacturer Matthew Boulton and the Scottish engineer James Watt, the firm had a major role in the Industrial Revolution and grew to be a major producer of steam engines in the 19th century. The engine partnership The partnership was formed in 1775 to exploit Watt's patent for a steam engine with a separate condenser. This made much more efficient use of its fuel than the older Newcomen engine. Initially the business was based at the Soho Manufactory near Boulton's Soho House on the southern edge of the then-rural parish of Handsworth. However most of the components for their engines were made by others, for example the cylinders by John Wilkinson. In 1795, they began to make steam engines themselves at their Soho Foundry i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economies Of Scale
In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, and are typically measured by the amount of output produced per unit of time. A decrease in cost per unit of output enables an increase in scale. At the basis of economies of scale, there may be technical, statistical, organizational or related factors to the degree of market control. This is just a partial description of the concept. Economies of scale apply to a variety of the organizational and business situations and at various levels, such as a production, plant or an entire enterprise. When average costs start falling as output increases, then economies of scale occur. Some economies of scale, such as capital cost of manufacturing facilities and friction loss of transportation and industrial equipment, have a physical or engineering basis. The economic concept dates back to Adam Smith and the idea of obtaining larger production returns through the use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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