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Glucanase
Glucanases are enzymes that break down large polysaccharides via hydrolysis. The product of the hydrolysis reaction is called a glucan, a linear polysaccharide made of up to 1200 glucose monomers, held together with glycosidic bonds. Glucans are abundant in the endosperm cell walls of cereals such as barley, rye, sorghum, rice, and wheat. Glucanases are also referred to as lichenases, hydrolases, glycosidases, glycosyl hydrolases, and/or laminarinases. Many types of glucanases share similar amino acid sequences but vastly different substrates. Of the known endo-glucanases, 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase is considered the most active. Structure β-glucanases The secondary and tertiary structures of β-glucanases involves the stacking of multiple β-sheets, each of which are made of several anti-parallel strands that bend and form a cleft crossing the active site of the enzyme. This type of structure has been called the "jelly roll fold." Some common β-glucanases * 1,3-β-glucana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
β-1,3-glucanase
Glucanases are enzymes that break down large polysaccharides via hydrolysis. The product of the hydrolysis reaction is called a glucan, a linear polysaccharide made of up to 1200 glucose monomers, held together with glycosidic bonds. Glucans are abundant in the endosperm cell walls of cereals such as barley, rye, sorghum, rice, and wheat. Glucanases are also referred to as lichenases, hydrolases, glycosidases, glycosyl hydrolases, and/or laminarinases. Many types of glucanases share similar amino acid sequences but vastly different substrates. Of the known endo-glucanases, 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase is considered the most active. Structure β-glucanases The secondary and tertiary structures of β-glucanases involves the stacking of multiple β-sheets, each of which are made of several anti-parallel strands that bend and form a cleft crossing the active site of the enzyme. This type of structure has been called the "jelly roll fold." Some common β-glucanases * 1,3-β-glucanas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cellulase
Cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4; systematic name 4-β-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase) is any of several enzymes produced chiefly by fungi, bacteria, and protozoans that catalyze cellulolysis, the decomposition of cellulose and of some related polysaccharides: : Endohydrolysis of (1→4)-β-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal β-D-glucan The name is also used for any naturally occurring mixture or complex of various such enzymes, that act serially or synergistically to decompose cellulosic material. Cellulases break down the cellulose molecule into monosaccharides ("simple sugars") such as β-glucose, or shorter polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. Cellulose breakdown is of considerable economic importance, because it makes a major constituent of plants available for consumption and use in chemical reactions. The specific reaction involved is the hydrolysis of the 1,4-β-D-glycosidic linkages in cellulose, hemicellulose, lichenin, and cereal β-D-glucans. Because cell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endo-1,3(4)-b-glucanase
Endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6, endo-1,3-β-D-glucanase, laminarinase, β-1,3-glucanase,4-glucanase, endo-β-(1→3)-D-glucanase, endo-1,3-1,4-β-D-glucanase, endo-β-(1-3)-D-glucanase, endo-β-1,3-glucanase IV, 1,3-1,4)-β-D-glucan 3(4)-glucanohydrolase) is an enzyme with systematic name 3(or 4)-β-D-glucan 3(4)-glucanohydrolase. It catalyses the following chemical reaction : Endohydrolysis of (1→3)- or (1→4)-linkages in β-D-glucans when the glucose residue whose reducing group is involved in the linkage to be hydrolysed is itself substituted at C-3 Substrates include laminarin, lichenin Lichenin, also known as lichenan or moss starch, is a complex glucan occurring in certain species of lichens. It can be extracted from ''Cetraria islandica'' (Iceland moss). It has been studied since about 1957. Structure Chemically, lichenin i ... and cereal D- glucans. References External links * {{Portal bar, Biology, border=no EC 3.2.1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xyloglucan-specific Endo-beta-1,4-glucanase
In enzymology, a xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :xyloglucan + H2O \rightleftharpoons xyloglucan oligosaccharides Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are xyloglucan and H2O, whereas its product is xyloglucan oligosaccharides. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosidases that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 6)-alpha-D-xylo.html" ;"title="1->6)-alpha-D-xylo">1->6)-alpha-D-xylo(1->4)-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase. Other names in common use include XEG, xyloglucan endo-beta-1,4-glucanase, xyloglucanase, xyloglucanendohydrolase, XH, and 1,4-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase. Family 12 was first identified in plant pathogens by discovery in ''Phytophthora'' spp. Structural studies As of late 2007, 15 structures A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenase
Lichenase (, ''licheninase'', ''beta-(1->4)-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase'', ''1,3, 1,4-beta-glucan endohydrolase'', ''1,3, 1,4-beta-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase'', ''1,3-1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase'') is an enzyme with systematic name ''(1->3)-(1->4)-beta-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase''. It was named after its activity in on lichenin (a form of mixed-linkage glucan). Activity This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction :Hydrolysis of β-(1,4)-D-glucosidic linkages in mixed-linkage glucans containing both (1,3)- and (1,4)-bonds Specificity The best-characterised variant of this of enzyme is ''Bacillus subtilis ''Bacillus subtilis'', known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, humans and marine sponges. As a member of the genus ''Bacillus ...'' lichenase, which is used as a molecular biology tool in determining the structure of mixed-linkage gluc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callose
Callose is a plant polysaccharide. Its production is due to the glucan synthase-like gene (GLS) in various places within a plant. It is produced to act as a temporary cell wall in response to stimuli such as stress or damage. Callose is composed of glucose residues linked together through β-1,3-linkages, and is termed a β-glucan. It is thought to be manufactured at the cell wall by callose synthases and is degraded by β-1,3-glucanases. Callose is very important for the permeability of plasmodesmata (Pd) in plants; the plant's permeability is regulated by plasmodesmata callose (PDC). PDC is made by callose synthases and broken down by β-1,3-glucanases (BGs). The amount of callose that is built up at the plasmodesmatal neck, which is brought about by the interference of callose synthases (CalSs) and β-1,3-glucanases, determines the conductivity of the plasmodesmata. Formation and function Callose is laid down at plasmodesmata, at the cell plate during cytokinesis, and during po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xyloglucan-specific Exo-beta-1,4-glucanase
In enzymology, a xyloglucan-specific exo-beta-1,4-glucanase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :xyloglucan + H2O \rightleftharpoons xyloglucan oligosaccharides (exohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan) Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are xyloglucan and H2O, and its products are xyloglucan oligosaccharides ( exohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan). This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosidases that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds. The systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ... of this enzyme class is 6)-alpha-D-xylo.html" ;"title="1->6)-alpha-D-xylo">1->6)-alpha-D-xylo(1->4)-beta-D-glucan exo-glucohydrolase. This enzyme is also called Cel74 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laminarinase
Endo-1,3-beta-glucanase may refer to: * Endo-1,3(4)-b-glucanase, an enzyme * Glucan endo-1,3-b-D-glucosidase, an enzyme {{Short pages monitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps. The study of enzymes is called ''enzymology'' and the field of pseudoenzyme analysis recognizes that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis, which is often reflected in their amino acid sequences and unusual 'pseudocatalytic' properties. Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Other biocatalysts are catalytic RNA molecules, called ribozymes. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures. Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the reaction ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus ''Triticum'' ; the most widely grown is common wheat (''T. aestivum''). The archaeological record suggests that wheat was first cultivated in the regions of the Fertile Crescent around 9600 BCE. Botanically, the wheat kernel is a type of fruit called a caryopsis. Wheat is grown on more land area than any other food crop (, 2014). World trade in wheat is greater than for all other crops combined. In 2020, world production of wheat was , making it the second most-produced cereal after maize. Since 1960, world production of wheat and other grain crops has tripled and is expected to grow further through the middle of the 21st century. Global demand for wheat is increasing due to the unique viscoelastic and adhesive properties of gluten proteins, which facilitate the production of processed foods, whose consumption is inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
