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Gloeotrichia
''Gloeotrichia'' is a large (~2 mm) colonial genus of Cyanobacteria, belonging to the order Nostocales. The name ''Gloeotrichia'' is derived from its appearance of filamentous body with mucilage matrix. Found in lakes across the globe, gloeotrichia are notable for the important roles that they play in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. ''Gloeotrichia'' are also a species of concern for lake managers, as they have been shown to push lakes towards eutrophication and produce deadly toxins. Morphology Spherical colonies of radiating straight trichomes (filaments without sheaths). Each trichome has an akinete as the basal cell near the center of the colony. Akinetes if present are adjacent the heterocyst. The primary morphology is trichomous (filamentous without sheaths), the secondary is colonial. The mucilaginous sheath is top short at the apex. Heterocysts are usually spherical in appearance. Trichomes are tapered at the apical region. Vegetetive cells are shorter and barrel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gloeotrichia Echinulata
''Gloeotrichia'' is a large (~2 mm) colonial genus of Cyanobacteria, belonging to the order Nostocales. The name ''Gloeotrichia'' is derived from its appearance of filamentous body with mucilage matrix. Found in lakes across the globe, gloeotrichia are notable for the important roles that they play in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. ''Gloeotrichia'' are also a species of concern for lake managers, as they have been shown to push lakes towards eutrophication and produce deadly toxins. Morphology Spherical colonies of radiating straight trichomes (filaments without sheaths). Each trichome has an akinete as the basal cell near the center of the colony. Akinetes if present are adjacent the heterocyst. The primary morphology is trichomous (filamentous without sheaths), the secondary is colonial. The mucilaginous sheath is top short at the apex. Heterocysts are usually spherical in appearance. Trichomes are tapered at the apical region. Vegetetive cells are shorter and barrel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gloeotrichia Intermedia
''Gloeotrichia'' is a large (~2 mm) colonial genus of Cyanobacteria, belonging to the order Nostocales. The name ''Gloeotrichia'' is derived from its appearance of filamentous body with mucilage matrix. Found in lakes across the globe, gloeotrichia are notable for the important roles that they play in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. ''Gloeotrichia'' are also a species of concern for lake managers, as they have been shown to push lakes towards eutrophication and produce deadly toxins. Morphology Spherical colonies of radiating straight trichomes (filaments without sheaths). Each trichome has an akinete as the basal cell near the center of the colony. Akinetes if present are adjacent the heterocyst. The primary morphology is trichomous (filamentous without sheaths), the secondary is colonial. The mucilaginous sheath is top short at the apex. Heterocysts are usually spherical in appearance. Trichomes are tapered at the apical region. Vegetetive cells are shorter and barrel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gloeotrichia Natans
''Gloeotrichia'' is a large (~2 mm) colonial genus of Cyanobacteria, belonging to the order Nostocales. The name ''Gloeotrichia'' is derived from its appearance of filamentous body with mucilage matrix. Found in lakes across the globe, gloeotrichia are notable for the important roles that they play in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. ''Gloeotrichia'' are also a species of concern for lake managers, as they have been shown to push lakes towards eutrophication and produce deadly toxins. Morphology Spherical colonies of radiating straight trichomes (filaments without sheaths). Each trichome has an akinete as the basal cell near the center of the colony. Akinetes if present are adjacent the heterocyst. The primary morphology is trichomous (filamentous without sheaths), the secondary is colonial. The mucilaginous sheath is top short at the apex. Heterocysts are usually spherical in appearance. Trichomes are tapered at the apical region. Vegetetive cells are shorter and barrel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gloeotrichia Pisum
''Gloeotrichia'' is a large (~2 mm) colonial genus of Cyanobacteria, belonging to the order Nostocales. The name ''Gloeotrichia'' is derived from its appearance of filamentous body with mucilage matrix. Found in lakes across the globe, gloeotrichia are notable for the important roles that they play in the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. ''Gloeotrichia'' are also a species of concern for lake managers, as they have been shown to push lakes towards eutrophication and produce deadly toxins. Morphology Spherical colonies of radiating straight trichomes (filaments without sheaths). Each trichome has an akinete as the basal cell near the center of the colony. Akinetes if present are adjacent the heterocyst. The primary morphology is trichomous (filamentous without sheaths), the secondary is colonial. The mucilaginous sheath is top short at the apex. Heterocysts are usually spherical in appearance. Trichomes are tapered at the apical region. Vegetetive cells are shorter and barrel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nostocales
The Nostocales are an order of cyanobacteria containing most of its species. It includes filamentous forms, both simple or branched, and both those occurring as single strands or multiple strands within a sheath. Some members show a decrease in width from the base, and some have heterocysts Heterocysts or heterocytes are specialized nitrogen-fixing cells formed during nitrogen starvation by some filamentous cyanobacteria, such as ''Nostoc punctiforme'', ''Cylindrospermum stagnale'', and ''Anabaena sphaerica''. They fix nitrogen from .... References Bacteria orders {{cyanobacteria-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SYTOX
SYTOX (also known as SYTOX Green) is a high-affinity nucleic acid stain developed by biotechnology company Molecular Probes Molecular Probes was a biotechnology company located in Eugene, Oregon specializing in fluorescence. The company was founded in 1975 by Richard and Rosaria Haugland in their kitchen in Minnesota, then moved briefly to Texas and finally to Oregon in .... Because the stain only penetrates cells with compromised plasma membranes, it can be used to investigate antibacterial mechanism of action and confirm loss of bacterial viability. References {{reflist Staining dyes Cyanine dyes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rivularia (cyanobacteria)
''Rivularia'' is a genus of cyanobacteria of the family Rivulariaceae.Guiry, Michael D. (2014). Rivularia C.Agardh ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886. In: Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2014). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=146623 on 2014-12-09 Description ''Rivularia'' is found growing on submerged stones, moist rocks, and damp soils near the riverside. It is found in colonies, and the trichomes are radially arranged within a colony, with each trichome wholly or partially surrounded by a gelatinous sheet. The trichomes have a basal heterocyst. Each trichome has a narrow aptic portion which is whip- or tail-like consisting of a row of small cells. Akinetes are absent in ''Rivularia''. The species multiply with the aid of hormogonia and heterocyst. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nitrogenase
Nitrogenases are enzymes () that are produced by certain bacteria, such as cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria) and rhizobacteria. These enzymes are responsible for the Organic redox reaction, reduction of nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3). Nitrogenases are the only family of enzymes known to catalyze this reaction, which is a key step in the process of nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation is required for all forms of life, with nitrogen being essential for the biosynthesis of molecules (nucleotides, amino acids) that create plants, animals and other organisms. They are encoded by the Nif genes or Homologous chromosome, homologs. They are related to protochlorophyllide reductase. Classification and structure Although the equilibrium formation of ammonia from molecular hydrogen and nitrogen has an overall negative enthalpy of reaction ( \Delta H^ = -45.2 \ \mathrm \, \mathrm \; \mathrm ), the activation energy is very high ( E_\mathrm = 230-420 \ \mathrm \, \mathrm ). Nitrogenase a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ammonia
Ammonia is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . A stable binary hydride, and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinct pungent smell. Biologically, it is a common nitrogenous waste, particularly among aquatic organisms, and it contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to 45% of the world's food and fertilizers. Around 70% of ammonia is used to make fertilisers in various forms and composition, such as urea and Diammonium phosphate. Ammonia in pure form is also applied directly into the soil. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical products and is used in many commercial cleaning products. It is mainly collected by downward displacement of both air and water. Although common in nature—both terrestrially and in the outer planets of the Solar System—and in wide use, ammonia is both caust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lake Sunapee
Lake Sunapee is located within Sullivan County and Merrimack County in western New Hampshire, the United States. It is the fifth-largest lake located entirely in New Hampshire. The lake is approximately long (north-south) and from wide (east-west), covering , with a maximum depth of . It contains eleven islands (Loon Island, Elizabeth Island, Twin Islands, Great Island, Minute Island, Little Island, Star Island, Emerald Island, Isle of Pines and Penny Island) and is indented by several peninsulas and lake fingers, a combination which yields a total shoreline of some . There are seven sandy beach areas including Mount Sunapee State Park beach; some with restricted town access. There are six boat ramps to access the lake at Sunapee Harbor, Georges Mills, Newbury, Mount Sunapee State Park, Burkehaven Marina, and a private marina. The lake contains three lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places. The driving distance around the lake is with many miles of lake wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microcystin-LR
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a toxin produced by cyanobacteria. It is the most toxic of the microcystins. Structure Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptides. The seven amino acids that are involved in the structure of a microcystin include a unique β-amino acid ( ADDA). It contains alanine (D-ala), D-β-methyl-isoaspartate (D-β-Me-isoAsp), and glutamic acid (D-glu). Furthermore, microcystins contain two variable residues, which make the differentiation between variants of microcystins. These two variable elements are always standard L-amino acids. In microcystin-LR these are leucine and arginine. more than 250 microcystins have been identified to date,''Structural Diversity, Characterization and Toxicology of Microcystins'', doi: 10.3390/toxins11120714 representing differences in the two variable residues and some modifications in the other amino acids. These modifications include demethylation of Masp and Mdha and methylesterification of D-Glu. Different microcystins have differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microcystin
Microcystins—or cyanoginosins—are a class of toxins produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria, commonly known as blue-green algae. Over 250 different microcystins have been discovered so far, of which microcystin-LR is the most common. Chemically they are cyclic heptapeptides produced through nonribosomal peptide synthases. Cyanobacteria can produce microcystins in large quantities during algal blooms which then pose a major threat to drinking and irrigation water supplies, and the environment at large. Characteristics Microcystins—or cyanoginosins—are a class of toxins produced by certain freshwater cyanobacteria; primarily ''Microcystis aeruginosa'' but also other ''Microcystis'', as well as members of the ''Planktothrix'', ''Anabaena'', ''Oscillatoria'' and ''Nostoc'' genera. Over 250 different microcystins have been discovered so far, of which microcystin-LR is the most common. Chemically they are cyclic heptapeptides produced through nonribosomal peptide synthase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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