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Giulio Martinat
__NOTOC__ Giulio Martinat (Perrero, 24 February 1891 – 26 January 1943 in Nikolayevka) was a brigadier general in the Italian armed forces during World War II. He was killed while leading his men in the Battle of Nikolayevka. Born in a small town of Piedmont, of Waldensian religion, he enrolled in the Italian Army at a young age and fought in the conquest of Libya in 1911. In 1935 he participated in the conquest of Ethiopia and in 1939 in that of Albania, where he distinguished himself; from 1937 to 1941 he was chief of staff of the 3rd Alpine Division Julia. In 1939 he published the book ''Il grande capo d'una grande impresa militare'', edited by the Società di Studi Valdesi (Society of Waldensian Studies), about the qualities of the Duke of Aosta in 1690 against the French. In 1940 he participated in the Greco-Italian War as Chief of Staff of the ''Corpo d'Armata Alpino'' (Alpine Army Corps), and on 17 July 1942, again as Chief of Staff of the ''Corpo d'Armata Alpino'', no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perrero
Perrero (Occitan: ''Lo Perrier'', French: Le Perrier) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southwest of Turin. Perrero borders the following municipalities: Roure, Perosa Argentina, Massello, Pomaretto, Salza di Pinerolo, Prali, Pramollo, Angrogna, and Villar Pellice Villar Pellice (Vivaro-Alpine dialect, Vivaro-Alpine: ''Lo Vilar de Pèlis'') is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Turin in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southwest of Turin. As of 31 December 2004, it had a popul .... History In 1928, the Mussolini regime annexed to Perrero seven other communes ( Bovile, Chiabrano, Faetto, Maniglia, Riclaretto, San Martino di Perrero and Traverse). "Regio Decreto 15 marzo 1928 n. 662. Riunione dei comuni di Perrero, Chiabrano, Traverse, Maniglia, San Martino di Perrero, Riclaretto, Faetto e Bovile in un unico Comune con capoluogo Perrero." ''Gazzetta ufficiale del ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolayevka, Russia
Nikolayevka (russian: Никола́евка) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia. Altai Krai As of 2010, nine rural localities in Altai Krai bear this name: * Nikolayevka, Blagoveshchensky District, Altai Krai, a '' selo'' in Nikolayevsky Selsoviet of Blagoveshchensky District * Nikolayevka, Loktevsky District, Altai Krai, a ''selo'' in Nikolayevsky Selsoviet of Loktevsky District * Nikolayevka (selo), Nikolayevsky Selsoviet, Mikhaylovsky District, Altai Krai, a ''selo'' in Nikolayevsky Selsoviet of Mikhaylovsky District * Nikolayevka (station), Nikolayevsky Selsoviet, Mikhaylovsky District, Altai Krai, a station in Nikolayevsky Selsoviet of Mikhaylovsky District * Nikolayevka, Nemetsky National District, Altai Krai, a ''selo'' in Nikolayevsky Selsoviet of Nemetsky National District * Nikolayevka, Petropavlovsky District, Altai Krai, a ''selo'' in Nikolayevsky Selsoviet of Petropavlovsky District * Nikolayevka, Pospelikhinsky District, Altai Krai, a ''selo'' i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giulio Bedeschi
Giulio Bedeschi (Arzignano, 31 January 1915 – Verona, 29 December 1990) was an Italian writer and Army officer during World War II, best known for his book ''Centomila gavette di ghiaccio'', one of the most famous memoirs of the Italian campaign in Russia. Biography Born in the province of Vicenza, Bedeschi graduated in medicine at the University of Bologna before attending the Royal Italian Army's officer cadet school, from which he graduated as a medical officer in 1940. He volunteered for the campaign against Greece, being attached to the 2nd Battalion of the 11th Infantry Regiment, 56th Infantry Division "Casale", with the rank of second lieutenant. He was later transferred to the 13th Battery of the "Conegliano" Artillery Group, 3rd Mountain Artillery Regiment, 3rd Alpine Division "Julia", with which he participated in the Italian campaign on the Eastern Front, being among the survivors of the retreat of the ARMIR in January 1943. He was awarded two War Crosses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iron Cross
The Iron Cross (german: link=no, Eisernes Kreuz, , abbreviated EK) was a military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia, and later in the German Empire (1871–1918) and Nazi Germany (1933–1945). King Frederick William III of Prussia established it on 17 March 1813 during the Napoleonic Wars (EK 1813). The award was backdated to the birthday (10 March) of his late wife, Queen Louise. Louise was the first person to receive this decoration (posthumously). Recommissioned Iron Cross was also awarded during the Franco-Prussian War (EK 1870), World War I (EK 1914), and World War II (EK 1939). During the 1930s and World War II, the Nazi regime superimposed a swastika on the traditional medal. The Iron Cross was usually a military decoration only, though there were instances awarded to civilians for performing military functions, including Hanna Reitsch, who received the Iron Cross, 2nd class, and Iron Cross, 1st Class, and Melitta Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg, who received ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gold Medal Of Military Valor
The Gold Medal of Military Valour ( it, Medaglia d'oro al valor militare) is an Italian medal established on 21 May 1793 by King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia for deeds of outstanding gallantry in war by junior officers and soldiers. The face of the medal displayed the profile of the king, and on its reverse was a flag decoration and the words "for valour" On 14 August 1815, Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia replaced it with the Military Order of Savoy, now known as the Military Order of Italy. Charles Albert of Sardinia revived it on 26 March 1833, and added to it the Silver and Bronze medals. These had, on their faces, the coat of arms of Savoy with laurel branches, the royal crown, and the words "for military valor". On the reverse were two laurel branches enclosing the name of the decorated soldier, and the place and date of the action. With the proclamation of the Republic on 2 June 1946, the coat of arms of the House of Savoy was replaced with the emblem of the Italian R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Little Saturn
Operation Little Saturn was a Red Army offensive on the Eastern Front of World War II that led to battles in Don and Chir rivers region in German-occupied Soviet Union territory in 16–30 December 1942. The success of Operation Uranus, launched on 19 November 1942, had trapped 250,000 troops of General Friedrich Paulus' German 6th Army and parts of General Hoth's 4th Panzer Army in Stalingrad. To exploit this victory, the Soviet general staff planned an ambitious offensive with Rostov-on-Don as the ultimate objective, codenamed "Saturn". Later Joseph Stalin reduced his ambitious plans to a relatively smaller operation codenamed "Little Saturn". The offensive succeeded in smashing the Axis troops and applied pressure on the over-stretched German forces in Eastern Ukraine. Another counter-offensive south of the Don prevented further German advances to the relief of the entrapped forces at Stalingrad. With subsequent operations, in January and February 1943, the Soviet armies ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armata Italiana In Russia
The Italian Army in Russia ( it, Armata Italiana in Russia; ARMIR) was an army-sized unit of the Royal Italian Army which fought on the Eastern Front during World War II between July 1942 and April 1943. The ARMIR was also known as the 8th Italian Army and initially had 235,000 soldiers. Formation In July 1942, the ARMIR was created when Italian dictator Benito Mussolini decided to scale up the Italian effort in the Soviet Union. The existing Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia (''Corpo di Spedizione Italiano in Russia'', or CSIR) was expanded to become the ARMIR. Unlike the "mobile" CSIR which it replaced, the ARMIR was primarily an infantry army. A good portion of the ARMIR was made up of mountain troops (''Alpini''), which were ill-suited to the vast, flat expanses of southern Russia. Like the CSIR, the ARMIR included an Aviation Command (''Comando Aereo'') with a limited number of fighters, bombers, and transport aircraft. This command was part of the ''Regia Aero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Aosta
Duke of Aosta ( it, Duca d'Aosta; french: Duc d'Aoste) was a title in the Italian nobility. It was established in the 13th century when Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, made the County of Aosta a duchy. The region was part of the Savoyard state and the title was granted to various princes of the House of Savoy, second sons of the reigning king of Sardinia or king of Italy. The title was re-created in 1845 for Amadeo I of Spain, Prince Amadeo, son of Victor Emmanuel II, and thereafter held by him and his descendants until the abolition of the Italian monarchy in 1946. Two holders briefly served as kings of European countries – Prince Amadeo ruled as king of Spain from 1870 to 1873, while his grandson Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta, Prince Aimone was titular king of Croatia from 1941 to 1943 during the Italian-backed fascist regime. The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Aosta were Prince della Cisterna and of Belriguardo, Marquess of Voghera, and Count of Ponderano, originating f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3rd Alpine Division Julia
Third or 3rd may refer to: Numbers * 3rd, the ordinal form of the cardinal number 3 * , a fraction of one third * 1⁄60 of a ''second'', or 1⁄3600 of a ''minute'' Places * 3rd Street (other) * Third Avenue (other) * Highway 3 Music Music theory *Interval number of three in a musical interval **major third, a third spanning four semitones **minor third, a third encompassing three half steps, or semitones **neutral third, wider than a minor third but narrower than a major third **augmented third, an interval of five semitones **diminished third, produced by narrowing a minor third by a chromatic semitone *Third (chord), chord member a third above the root *Degree (music), three away from tonic **mediant, third degree of the diatonic scale **submediant, sixth degree of the diatonic scale – three steps below the tonic **chromatic mediant, chromatic relationship by thirds *Ladder of thirds, similar to the circle of fifths Albums *''Third/Sister Lovers'', a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albania
Albania ( ; sq, Shqipëri or ), or , also or . officially the Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe. It is located on the Adriatic and Ionian Seas within the Mediterranean Sea and shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, North Macedonia to the east and Greece to the south. Tirana is its capital and largest city, followed by Durrës, Vlorë, and Shkodër. Albania displays varied climatic, geological, hydrological, and morphological conditions, defined in an area of . It possesses significant diversity with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps as well as the Korab, Skanderbeg, Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains to the hot and sunny coasts of the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea along the Mediterranean Sea. Albania has been inhabited by different civilisations over time, such as the Illyrians, Thracians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Venetians, and Ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, Somalia to the east and northeast, Kenya to the south, South Sudan to the west, and Sudan to the northwest. Ethiopia has a total area of . As of 2022, it is home to around 113.5 million inhabitants, making it the 13th-most populous country in the world and the 2nd-most populous in Africa after Nigeria. The national capital and largest city, Addis Ababa, lies several kilometres west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the African and Somali tectonic plates. Anatomically modern humans emerged from modern-day Ethiopia and set out to the Near East and elsewhere in the Middle Paleolithic period. Southwestern Ethiopia has been proposed as a possible homeland of the Afroasiatic langua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
