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Giovanni Da Barbiano
Giovanni da Barbiano (died 27 September 1399) was an Italian condottiero, the leader of a force of mercenary soldiers. He was a brother or nephew of the condottiero Alberico da Barbiano. Born in Barbiano di Cotignola, a commune of what is now eastern Emilia-Romagna, Giovanni was born into a family of nobles of long standing in Romagna. They were hereditary lords of Barbiano, Cunio and Lugo di Romagna and claimed as kin the lords of Ravenna, Forlì and Carrara. He was trained from a young age in the military arts, placing himself initially under the command of the English mercenary John Hawkwood and later the Compagnia di San Giorgio led by Alberico. In his early career he had an uneasy working relationship with Bologna, whilst at the same time attempting to establish his own lordship in Barbiana and Lugo. In 1385 he managed to wrest control of Barbiano, expelling Giacomo Boccadiferro. Later he returned Zagonara to Este and then joined with other condottieri such as Azzo da Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Da Barbiano
Giovanni da Barbiano (died 27 September 1399) was an Italian condottiero, the leader of a force of mercenary soldiers. He was a brother or nephew of the condottiero Alberico da Barbiano. Born in Barbiano di Cotignola, a commune of what is now eastern Emilia-Romagna, Giovanni was born into a family of nobles of long standing in Romagna. They were hereditary lords of Barbiano, Cunio and Lugo di Romagna and claimed as kin the lords of Ravenna, Forlì and Carrara. He was trained from a young age in the military arts, placing himself initially under the command of the English mercenary John Hawkwood and later the Compagnia di San Giorgio led by Alberico. In his early career he had an uneasy working relationship with Bologna, whilst at the same time attempting to establish his own lordship in Barbiana and Lugo. In 1385 he managed to wrest control of Barbiano, expelling Giacomo Boccadiferro. Later he returned Zagonara to Este and then joined with other condottieri such as Azzo da Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Portomaggiore
{{Infobox military conflict , conflict = Battle of Portomaggiore , partof = , image = , caption = , date = 16 April 1395 , place = Portomaggiore, Ferrara, Italy , coordinates = {{coord, 44, 42, N, 11, 48, E, region:IT_type:event , display=inline,title , result = Ferrara Regency Council victory , combatant1 = Ferrara Regency Council and allies , combatant2 = Azzo X d'Este , commander1 = Astorre I Manfredi , commander2 = Giovanni da Barbiano , strength1 = 3,000 (estimated) , strength2 = 8,000 (estimated) , casualties1 = 100 (estimated) , casualties2 = 1,000 plus 2,000 prisoners (estimated) The Battle of Portomaggiore took place near Portomaggiore in the province of Ferrara, Italy on 16 April 1395. It was fought between the Este troops of the Ferrara Regency Council fighting in the name of the young Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara and the rebel forces of his uncle, Azzo X d'Este, pretender to the Lordship of Ferrara. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Executions
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was a century lasting from 1 January 1301 ( MCCCI), to 31 December 1400 ( MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of Charles IV, King of France led to a claim to the French throne by Edward III, King of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Executed By Decapitation
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Executed Italian People
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that the person is responsible for violating norms that warrant said punishment. The sentence ordering that an offender is to be punished in such a manner is known as a death sentence, and the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution. A prisoner who has been sentenced to death and awaits execution is ''condemned'' and is commonly referred to as being "on death row". Crimes that are punishable by death are known as ''capital crimes'', ''capital offences'', or ''capital felonies'', and vary depending on the jurisdiction, but commonly include serious crimes against the person, such as murder, mass murder, aggravated cases of rape (often including child sexual abuse), terrorism, aircraft hijacking, war crimes, crimes against hum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Condottieri
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was a century lasting from 1 January 1301 ( MCCCI), to 31 December 1400 ( MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of Charles IV, King of France led to a claim to the French throne by Edward III, King of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1399 Deaths
Year 1399 ( MCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January – Timur the Lame captures and sacks Haridwar. * February 3 – John of Gaunt, uncle of King Richard II of England and father of Henry Bolingbroke, dies. * March 18 – Richard II of England cancels the legal documents allowing the exiled Henry Bolingbroke to inherit his father's lands. * July 4 – While Richard II of England is away on a military campaign in Ireland, Henry Bolingbroke, with exiled former archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Arundel as an advisor, returns to England and begins a military campaign to reclaim his confiscated lands. * August 6 – Prince of Yan (Zhu Di) of China starts a rebellion in Beijing. * August 12 – Battle of the Vorskla River: Mongol Golden Horde forces, led by Khan Temür Qutlugh and Emir Edigu, annihilate a crusading army led by former Golden Horde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ercole Ricotti
Ercole Ricotti (12 October 1816 – 24 February 1883) was an Italian politician and historian. Biography He was born at Voghera and in 1833 he moved to Turin, where he frequented the Faculty of Engineering. In 1840 he became a member of the Academy of Sciences in Turin. In 1846 he was appointed as professor of Military History (later renamed Modern History) in the University of Turin. He took part in the First Italian War of Independence, during which he was taken prisoner by the Austrians. He was named to the Italian Senate from 1862 until his death. He was also Rector of the University of Turin and member of the National Council of Instruction in the Kingdom of Italy, which had been created in 1861. In 1861-1869 he published a ''Storia della Monarchia Piemontese'' ("History of the Piedmontese Monarchy"), at Florence, in six volumes. His other works includes studies on the condottieri, a ''Breve storia della Costituzione inglese'' ("Brief History of the English Constitution" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bologna Cathedral
Bologna Cathedral ( it, Cattedrale Metropolitana di San Pietro, ''Cattedrale di Bologna''), dedicated to Saint Peter, is the cathedral of Bologna in Italy, and the seat and the Metropolitan bishop, metropolitan cathedral of the Archbishop of Bologna. Most of the present building dates from the 17th century, with a few parts from the late 16th century. History There was already a cathedral on the site (on the present Via Indipendenza) in 1028, accompanied by a pre-Romanesque architecture, Romanesque campanile with a circular base (in the architectural tradition of Ravenna). This church was destroyed by a devastating fire in 1141. It was reconstructed, and consecrated by Pope Lucius III in 1184. In 1396 a high portico (''protiro'') was added to the west front, which was rebuilt in 1467. From about 1477 the Ferrara, Ferrarese painters Francesco del Cossa and Ercole de' Roberti worked in the Garganelli Chapel on the creation of a cycle of frescoes which later had a significant infl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Of Milan
The following is a list of rulers of Milan from the 13th century to 1814, after which it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia by the Congress of Vienna. Before elevation to duchy Until 1259, Milan was a free commune that elected its own ''podestà''. The Torriani family gained sustained power in 1240, when Pagano Della Torre was elected ''podestà''. After Pagano's death, Baldo Ghiringhelli was elected ''podestà'' in 1259, but at the end of his tenure Martino della Torre, Pagano's nephew, perpetrated a coup d'état, seizing of power of his family over the commune, establishing the first ''Signoria'' (Italian for "Lordship") of Milan. During their tenure, the Torriani family, aligned with French Charles of Anjou, started a strong rivality with Visconti family, loyal to the German Hohenstaufen. In 1262, Pope Urban IV appointed Ottone Visconti as Archbishop of Milan, to Martino della Torre's disappointment. In 1273, a civil war started between the two families, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Visconti Of Milan
The Visconti of Milan are a noble Italian family. They rose to power in Milan during the Middle Ages where they ruled from 1277 to 1447, initially as Lords then as Dukes, and several collateral branches still exist. The effective founder of the Visconti Lordship of Milan was the Archbishop Ottone, who wrested control of the city from the rival Della Torre family in 1277. Origins The earliest members of the Visconti lineage appeared in Milan in the second half of the 11th century. The first evidence is on October 5, 1075, when Ariprando Visconti and his son Ottone ("Ariprandus Vicecomes", "Otto Vicecomes filius Ariprandi") attended and signed together some legal documents in Milan. Ariprando Visconti's family is believed to have pre-existed in Milan and obtained the title of viscount, which became hereditary throughout the male descent. In the years following 1075, Ottone Visconti is shown in the proximity of the Salian dynasty's sovereigns, Henry IV and his son Conrad. His d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astorre I Manfredi
Astorre Manfredi (c. 1345 – November 28, 1405) was an Italian condottiero. He was the son of Giovanni Manfredi, who had been lord of Faenza (today's Emilia-Romagna) and other castles in the area before the Papal reconquest. Astorre lived for a while in Pistoia after his father had lost his last possession in Romagna; three years after the latter's death, in 1375, he managed to recover Granarolo. In 1377, he conquered back Faenza, then occupied by the Este, with the help of his brother Francesco and the Ordelaffis, Lords of Forlì. To obtain the money to keep his seignory, he formed a ''Compagnia di Ventura'' (mercenary band), called Compagnia della Stella (''Company of the Star''). He was hired by Barnabò Visconti to attack Genoa, but when that city paid him 13,000 florins, he moved back; when he tried again to assault the city, his troops were ambushed in the Bisagno valley and badly defeated. Astorre himself barely escaped being taken prisoner. In the meantime, his brot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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