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Giovanni Francesco II Brignole Sale
Giovanni Francesco II Brignole Sale (Genoa, 6 July 1695 - Genoa, 14 February 1760), was the 158th Doge of the Republic of Genoa and the last king of Corsica. Biography Gian Francesco was the eldest son of Anton Giulio II Brignole Sale, 5th Marquess of Groppoli, and Isabella Brignole. He belonged to the illustrious Brignole family who had already offered a doge to Genoa, his namesake Giovanni Francesco I Brignole Sale, in 1635. Brignole Sale had three brothers, Gian Giacomo, Giuseppe and Rodolfo Emilio, the last of whom also served as doge. He completed his education at the Collegio Tolomei, in Siena. Brignole Sale was elected Doge in 1746, during his mandate the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle brought the borders of the Republic back to the ''status quo'' and the Marquisate of Finale recovered. In his two years as doge Brignole Sale protected the state from nothing less than a European war, a military invasion, a maritime blockade and a popular revolt, deserving the praises that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyacinthe Rigaud
Jacint Rigau-Ros i Serra (; 18 July 1659 – 29 December 1743), known in French as Hyacinthe Rigaud (), was a Catalan-French baroque painter most famous for his portraits of Louis XIV and other members of the French nobility. Biography Rigaud was born in Perpignan, then part of the Crown of Aragon, a few months before Spain ceded the city to France under the Treaty of the Pyrenees (7 November 1659). His family, the ''Rigau'', were Catalan; he was the son of a tailor, the grandson of painter-gilders from Roussillon, and the elder brother of another painter ( Gaspard). Rigaud was baptised with his Catalan name in the old Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Perpignan on 20 July 1659, two days after his birth at rue de la Porte-d'Assaut. His baptismal name was ''Jyacintho Rigau or Jacint Rigau i Ros'' This is sometimes transliterated as ''Híacint Francesc Honrat Mathias Pere Martyr Andreu Joan Rigau'' After the Roussillon and the Cerdanya were ceded to France the following 7 No ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rodolfo Emilio Brignole Sale
Rodolfo Emilio Brignole Sale, marquis of Groppoli (Genoa, 27 June 1708 - Genoa, 18 April 1774), was the 167th Doge of the Republic of Genoa from 25 November 1762 to 25 November 1764. Biography He is the fourth and last son of Anton II Giulio Brignole Sale and Isabella Brignole, as well as younger brother of Giovanni Francesco II Brignole Sale, doge from 1746 to 1748 . He is the uncle of the Princess of Monaco and then of Condé Maria Caterina Brignole. Officially crowned with a solemn ceremony of 16 April 1763 at the Genoa Cathedral, in the mandate of the doge Rodolfo Brignole Sale the first institution of free schools for the poorest children of the city was approved, whose education was entrusted to some priests. After the Doge's two-year period, on 25 November 1764, Rodolfo Brignole Sale returned to stay in his palace in the historic center. He served the state again with the position of head of the War Magistrate and head of the State Inquisitors Magistrate. Brignole Sale d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
18th-century Doges Of Genoa
The 18th century lasted from January 1, 1701 ( MDCCI) to December 31, 1800 ( MDCCC). During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the American, French, and Haitian Revolutions. During the century, slave trading and human trafficking expanded across the shores of the Atlantic, while declining in Russia, China, and Korea. Revolutions began to challenge the legitimacy of monarchical and aristocratic power structures, including the structures and beliefs that supported slavery. The Industrial Revolution began during mid-century, leading to radical changes in human society and the environment. Western historians have occasionally defined the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work. For example, the "short" 18th century may be defined as 1715–1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution, with an emphasis on directly interconnected events. To historians who expand the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palazzo Rosso (Genoa)
The Palazzo Brignole Sale or Palazzo Rosso is a house museum located in Via Garibaldi (Genoa), Via Garibaldi, in the historical center of Genoa, in Northwestern Italy. The palace is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the system of the Palazzi dei Rolli. The rich art collection inside, along with the galleries of Palazzo Bianco (Genoa), Palazzo Bianco and Palazzo Doria Tursi, is part of the Musei di Strada Nuova (Genova), Musei di Strada Nuova and consists of the works of artists of the caliber of Anthony van Dyck, Antoon van Dyck, Guido Reni, Paolo Veronese, Guercino, Gregorio De Ferrari, Albrecht Dürer, Bernardo Strozzi and Mattia Preti. History Built in 1675, Palazzo Rosso was not one of the 163 Palazzi dei Rolli of Genoa, the selected private residences where the notable guests of the Republic of Genoa were hosted during State visits, as the last of such list was completed in 1664, ten years before the construction of the palace. As a distingui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchy Of Tuscany
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany ( it, Granducato di Toscana; la, Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Republic of Florence. The grand duchy's capital was Florence. In the 19th century the population of the Grand Duchy was about 1,815,000 inhabitants. Having brought nearly all Tuscany under his control after conquering the Republic of Siena, Cosimo I de' Medici, was elevated by a papal bull of Pope Pius V to Grand Duke of Tuscany on August 27, 1569. The Grand Duchy was ruled by the House of Medici until the extinction of its senior branch in 1737. While not as internationally renowned as the old republic, the grand duchy thrived under the Medici and it bore witness to unprecedented economic and military success under Cosimo I and his sons, until the reign of Ferdinando II, which saw the beginning of the state's long economic decline. It peaked under Cosimo III. Francis Stephen of Lorraine, a cognatic de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marquisate Of Finale
The Marquisate of Finale was an Italian state in what is now Liguria, part of the former medieval Aleramici March. It was ruled for some six centuries by the Aleramici branch known as marquesses del Vasto (when they also held the March of Savona) and later Del Carretto, when Savona became a free commune. In 1598 the Marquisate was sold by its last marquis, Sforza Andrea to Philip II of Spain and in 1713 it was finally ceded to the Republic of Genoa, where it remained so until 1797, when it was invaded by Napoleon, ceasing its existence. History The marquisate of Finale originated from the territories donated in 967 to Aleramo of Montferrat by emperor Otto I and was for centuries a fief of the Holy Roman Empire. Anselmo, son of Aleramo, started the line of the marquesses of Savona or Del Vasto. His descendant Boniface del Vasto acquired large lands in Liguria and southern Piedmont. In 1142-1148 his sons divided its patrimony, creating different feudal dynasties. Enrico I del ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)
The 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, sometimes called the Treaty of Aachen, ended the War of the Austrian Succession, following a congress assembled on 24 April 1748 at the Free Imperial City of Aachen. The two main antagonists in the war, Britain and France, opened peace talks in the Dutch city of Breda in 1746. Agreement was delayed by British hopes of improving their position; when this failed to occur, a draft treaty was agreed on 30 April 1748. A final version was signed on 18 October 1748 by Britain, France, and the Dutch Republic. The terms were then presented to the other belligerents, who could either accept them or continue the war on their own. Austria, Spain, and Sardinia had little choice but to comply, and signed separately. Modena and Genoa joined together on 21 January 1749. The treaty largely failed to resolve the issues that caused the war, while most of the signatories were unhappy with the terms. Maria Theresa resented Austria's exclusion from the talks, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siena
Siena ( , ; lat, Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the province of Siena. The city is historically linked to commercial and banking activities, having been a major banking center until the 13th and 14th centuries. Siena is also home to the oldest bank in the world, the Monte dei Paschi bank, which has been operating continuously since 1472. Several significant Renaissance painters worked and were born in Siena, among them Duccio, Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Simone Martini and Sassetta, and influenced the course of Italian and European art. The University of Siena, originally called ''Studium Senese'', was founded in 1240, making it one of the oldest universities in continuous operation in the world. Siena was one of the most important cities in medieval Europe, and its historic centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. From January until the end of September of 2021 it had about 217,000 arrivals, with the largest numbers of foreign visitors coming ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collegio Tolomei, Siena
The Collegio Tolomei is a high school adjacent to Sant'Agostino and Piazza dell'Erbe in Siena, region of Tuscany, Italy. History It was founded in 1676 with an endowment by Celso Tolomei, of a prominent and ancient Sienese family. The school was then run as a seminary by the Jesuits , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders = ... and targeted youth from the noble families in Siena. With the 1773 suppression of the Jesuit order, the institution passed on to the Scolopi order. After the convulsive period of French occupation, including some moves within the town, in 1820 the school reverted to the Scolopi, who ran the school till 1876. The school was in 1882 transformed into a Convitto Nazionale (National elementary-middle school) under the lay leadership. In 1886-1888, it became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giuseppe Brignole
Giuseppe Maria Brignole-Sale (1703–1769) was a Genoese nobleman and father of Maria Caterina Brignole, Princess of Monaco and later Princess of Condé. He was the 7th Marquess of Groppoli. The reigning Albert II of Monaco is a direct descendant. Biography Giuseppe was the son of Anton Giulio Brignole-Sale, 5th Marquess of Groppoli (1673–1710) and Isabella Brignole, one of the most powerful and wealthy families in the Republic of Genoa. His brothers Gio Francesco Brignole Sale, 6th Marquess (1695–1760) and Rodolfo Brignole-Sale, 8th Marquess (1708–1774) acted as Doges of Genoa. At the premature death of his older brother Gian Giacomo, Giuseppe married his own sister-in-law Maria Anna Balbi, a member of the powerful Balbi family. Balbi would later become the mistress of Honoré III, Prince of Monaco, the couple's first son-in-law. She was also the mistress of the '' maréchal de Richelieu''. Like his brothers, Brignole acted as ambassador to the Palace of Ver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doge Of Genoa
The Doge of Genoa ( lij, Dûxe, ; la, Januensium dux et populi defensor, "Commander of the Genoese and Defender of the People") was the ruler of the Republic of Genoa, a city-state and soon afterwards a maritime republic, from 1339 until the state's extinction in 1797. Originally elected for life, after 1528 the Doges were elected for terms of two years. The Republic (or Dogate) was ruled by a small group of merchant families, from whom the doges were selected. History The first Doge of Genoa, Simone Boccanegra ( Ligurian: ''Scimón Boccanéigra''), whose name is kept alive by Verdi's opera, was appointed by public acclaim in 1339. Initially the Doge of Genoa was elected without restriction and by popular suffrage, holding office for life in the so-called "perpetual dogate"; but after the reform effected by Andrea Doria in 1528 the term of his office was reduced to two years. At the same time plebeians were declared ineligible, and the appointment of the doge was entrust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giovanni Francesco I Brignole Sale
Giovanni Francesco Brignole (Genoa, 1582 - Genoa, 1637) was the 102nd Doge of the Republic of Genoa and the first king of Corsica. Biography During his dogal two-year period he preferred to start a situation of impartiality and economic neutrality and, consequently, also political both with the Kingdom of France and with the Spanish Empire. In his mandate, moreover, he started negotiations and purchases for some fiefs of the Genoese and the Ligurian region originally in the hands of the Spinola and Doria dynasties. One of the main reasons why Gian Francesco Brignole Sale is remembered is that during his mandate he not only managed to guarantee Genoese independence in the face of the great European powers, but above all he managed to considerably transform the genoese institution, managing to make them recognize real royal attributions. With Corsica the pretext was found, the doge became king of Corsica. The official investiture of the Virgin Mary dates back almost to the end o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
