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Gilbert I, Prior Of St Andrews
Gilbert (died c. 1198) was a 12th-century Augustinian canon. Active in Scotland, he may have been of Anglo-Norman origin. Gilbert was a canon of St Andrews Cathedral Priory when he became prior of St Andrews in either 1196 or 1197, succeeding Prior Walter who had resigned because of ill-health.Watt and Shead, ''Heads of Religious Houses'', p. 187 Walter Bower, in his list of St Andrews priors in the ''Scotichronicon'', says that Gilbert held office for two years of "busy activity" before falling ill at the priory's manor in Clackmannan, dying there soon after. His death probably fell in either late 1198 or early 1199. Afterwards Prior Walter resumed his old office (though he himself died within the year). Walter's time as prior coincided with the episcopate of Roger de Beaumont Roger de Beaumont (c. 1015 – 29 November 1094), feudal lord (French: ''seigneur'') of Beaumont-le-Roger and of Pont-Audemer in Normandy, was a powerful Norman nobleman and close advisor to Wil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clackmannan
Clackmannan ( ; gd, Clach Mhanainn, perhaps meaning "Stone of Manau"), is a small town and civil parish set in the Central Lowlands of Scotland. Situated within the Forth Valley, Clackmannan is south-east of Alloa and south of Tillicoultry. The town is within the county of Clackmannanshire, of which it was formerly the county town, until Alloa overtook it in size and importance. History and toponymy Name and toponymy The name ''Clackmannan'' may be of Brittonic origin. The first element is probably ''*clog'', meaning "rock, crag, cliff" (c.f. Welsh ''clog''), and the second is the personal name ''Manau'', from the root ''man-'' meaning "projecting''. The name of the town has been said to allude to the Stone of Manau or Stone of Mannan, a pagan monument that can be seen in the town square beside the Tolbooth or Tollbooth Tower, which dates from 1592. History The early growth of the town was due in large part to the port which lay on the banks of the tidal stretch of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustinians
Augustinians are members of Christian religious orders that follow the Rule of Saint Augustine, written in about 400 AD by Augustine of Hippo. There are two distinct types of Augustinians in Catholic religious orders dating back to the 12th–13th centuries: * Various congregations of Canons Regular also follow the Rule of Saint Augustine, embrace the evangelical counsels and lead a semi-monastic life, while remaining committed to pastoral care appropriate to their primary vocation as priests. They generally form one large community which might serve parishes in the vicinity, and are organized into autonomous congregations. * Several orders of friars who live a mixed religious life of contemplation and apostolic ministry. The largest and most familiar is the Order of Saint Augustine (OSA), founded in 1244 and originally known as the Hermits of Saint Augustine (OESA). They are commonly known as the Austin Friars in England. Two other orders, the Order of Augustinian Recollects a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prior (ecclesiastical)
Prior (or prioress) is an ecclesiastical title for a superior in some religious orders. The word is derived from the Latin for "earlier" or "first". Its earlier generic usage referred to any monastic superior. In abbeys, a prior would be lower in rank than the abbey's abbot or abbess. Monastic superiors In the Rule of Saint Benedict, the term appears several times, referring to any superior, whether an abbot, provost, dean, etc. In other old monastic rules the term is used in the same generic sense. With the Cluniac Reforms, the term ''prior'' received a specific meaning; it supplanted the provost or dean (''praepositus''), spoken of in the Rule of St. Benedict. The example of the Cluniac congregations was gradually followed by all Benedictine monasteries, as well as by the Camaldolese, Vallombrosians, Cistercians, Hirsau congregations, and other offshoots of the Benedictine Order. Monastic congregations of hermit origin generally do not use the title of abbot for the hea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prior Of St Andrews
The Prior of St Andrews was the head of the property and community of Augustinian canons of St Andrews Cathedral Priory, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. It was established by King David I in 1140 with canons from Nostell Priory, West Yorkshire. It is possible that, initially at least, the prior of St Andrews was subordinate to the bishop as abbot, but by the 13th century the canons of St Andrews were given freedom by the bishop to elect their prior. By the end of the 13th century, the abbacy of the native canons (i.e. the ''Céli Dé'', or Culdees) was no longer there to challenge the position of the priory, and the native canons themselves had been formed into a collegiate church. The position of prior became secularized and the priory itself carved up into lordships in the 16th century, although the core and title remained into the 17th century. The following is a list of known priors and commendators: List of priors * Robert I, 1140x1144-1160 * Walter I, 1160-1195 * Gilbert I, 11 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canon (priest)
A canon (from the Latin , itself derived from the Greek , , "relating to a rule", "regular") is a member of certain bodies in subject to an ecclesiastical rule. Originally, a canon was a cleric living with others in a clergy house or, later, in one of the houses within the precinct of or close to a cathedral or other major church and conducting his life according to the customary discipline or rules of the church. This way of life grew common (and is first documented) in the 8th century AD. In the 11th century, some churches required clergy thus living together to adopt the rule first proposed by Saint Augustine that they renounce private wealth. Those who embraced this change were known as Augustinians or Canons Regular, whilst those who did not were known as secular canons. Secular canons Latin Church In the Latin Church, the members of the chapter of a cathedral (cathedral chapter) or of a collegiate church (so-called after their chapter) are canons. Depending on the title ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Scotland
The Kingdom of Scotland (; , ) was a sovereign state in northwest Europe traditionally said to have been founded in 843. Its territories expanded and shrank, but it came to occupy the northern third of the island of Great Britain, sharing a land border to the south with England. It suffered many invasions by the English, but under Robert the Bruce it fought a successful War of Independence and remained an independent state throughout the late Middle Ages. Following the annexation of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles from Norway in 1266 and 1472 respectively, and the final capture of the Royal Burgh of Berwick by England in 1482, the territory of the Kingdom of Scotland corresponded to that of modern-day Scotland, bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In 1603, James VI of Scotland became King of England, joining Scotland with England in a personal union. In 1707, during the reign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anglo-Normans
The Anglo-Normans ( nrf, Anglo-Normaunds, ang, Engel-Norðmandisca) were the medieval ruling class in England, composed mainly of a combination of ethnic Normans, French, Anglo-Saxons, Flemings and Bretons, following the Norman conquest. A small number of Normans had earlier befriended future Anglo-Saxon king of England, Edward the Confessor, during his exile in his mother's homeland of Normandy in northern France. When he returned to England some of them went with him, and so there were Normans already settled in England prior to the conquest. Edward's successor, Harold Godwinson, was defeated by Duke William the Conqueror of Normandy at the Battle of Hastings, leading to William's accession to the English throne. The victorious Normans formed a ruling class in Britain, distinct from (although inter-marrying with) the native populations. Over time their language evolved from the continental Old Norman to the distinct Anglo-Norman language. Anglo-Normans quickly establishe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
St Andrews Cathedral Priory
St Andrews Cathedral Priory was a priory of Augustinian canons in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. It was one of the great religious houses in Scotland, and instrumental in the founding of the University of St Andrews. History Plans were made for its foundation in the reign of Alexander I of Scotland, who set aside some land (in the ''cursus apri'', or "Boar's Raik") for that purpose. It was finally established by King David I and his son in 1140 with Augustinian canons from Nostell Priory, West Yorkshire. For some time the canons and the Culdees of nearby Kilrymont monastery served the church together. The Culdees, headed by an abbot, served a side altar in the Cathedral throughout the twelfth-century and into the thirteenth century, while the Augustinians, as the main clergy of the cathedral, served the main altar. It is probable that the bishop intended that the Culdees would become Augustinians, however, although a papal bull of 1147 ordered that upon the death of each Culdee an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prior Of St Andrews
The Prior of St Andrews was the head of the property and community of Augustinian canons of St Andrews Cathedral Priory, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. It was established by King David I in 1140 with canons from Nostell Priory, West Yorkshire. It is possible that, initially at least, the prior of St Andrews was subordinate to the bishop as abbot, but by the 13th century the canons of St Andrews were given freedom by the bishop to elect their prior. By the end of the 13th century, the abbacy of the native canons (i.e. the ''Céli Dé'', or Culdees) was no longer there to challenge the position of the priory, and the native canons themselves had been formed into a collegiate church. The position of prior became secularized and the priory itself carved up into lordships in the 16th century, although the core and title remained into the 17th century. The following is a list of known priors and commendators: List of priors * Robert I, 1140x1144-1160 * Walter I, 1160-1195 * Gilbert I, 11 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter I, Prior Of St Andrews
Walter I (died c. 1199) was a 12th-century Augustinian Anglo-Norman prelate active in the kingdom of Scotland. A canon of St Andrews Cathedral Priory (in Fife), he was precentor of the cathedral when he became prior of St Andrews in 1160.Watt and Shead, ''Heads of Religious Houses'', p. 187 Walter Bower, our principal source for Walter, says that he served as prior for 24 years before resigning on grounds of ill-health. Bower's "24 years" is probably a mistake for "34 years", as other sources attest his priorship from his accession in 1160 (the ''Chronicle of Melrose'') to his last charter appearance in 1195. His successor was Gilbert I. Gilbert died within a few years of taking office, in later 1198 or early 1199, and because of this Walter briefly resumed office. Walter died "within the same year" ower probably sometime in 1199. Thomas, the former sub-prior, is attested as prior of St Andrews for the first time in a document dating to 6 June 1199. Walter's time as prior coinci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Bower
Walter Bower (or Bowmaker; 24 December 1449) was a Scottish canon regular and abbot of Inchcolm Abbey in the Firth of Forth, who is noted as a chronicler of his era. He was born about 1385 at Haddington, East Lothian, in the Kingdom of Scotland. In 1991, Donald Watt said of Bower's ''Scotichronicon'' that "We are more and more convinced that this book is one of the national treasures of Scotland, which should be studied in depth for many different kinds of enquiry into Scotland's past." Life Some sources say that, at the age of eighteen, Bower assumed the religious habit; he was trained at the University of St Andrews. After finishing his philosophical and theological studies, he visited Paris to study law. Bower was unanimously the abbot of the Augustinian community on Inchcolm in 1417. He also acted as one of the commissioners for the collection of the ransom of King James I of Scotland in 1423 and 1424. Later, in 1433, he took part in a diplomatic mission to Paris to disc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roger De Beaumont (bishop)
Roger de Beaumont (died 1202) was Bishop of St Andrews (Cell Rígmonaid) (elected 1189; consecrated 1198). Life He was the son of Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester. Roger's position as a younger son of the Earl of Leicester meant that Roger had to seek a fortune elsewhere, and did so within the church. Robert was a second cousin of William I of Scotland, being the great-grandson and grandson of Elizabeth of Vermandois respectively.Cowan Vol I, p. 80. William's mother Ada de Warenne was daughter of Elizabeth of Vermandois' second husband the 2nd Earl of Surrey, whereas Roger's father was a grandson of her first marriage to the 1st Earl of Leicester. At Williiam's court Beaumont managed to obtain favour, eventually reaching the position of Chancellor of the King, a post which usually functioned as a prelude to ascending a high-ranking bishopric. Bishop of Saint Andrews So it was that, at Perth in April 1189, he was elected Bishop of St. Andrews. Roger, nevertheless, had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
