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German Fortification Of Guernsey
After the Wehrmacht occupied the Channel Islands on 30June 1940, they assessed the existing defences to determine if they would be of use. The Germans found the Islands' fortifications antiquated and woefully inadequate for modern warfare. Because the Germans expected to invade the United Kingdom in the autumn of 1940, they decided that expenditure on defences for the islands would be a waste. Initially the Germans built only ''feldmässige Anlage'' (field-type construction) positions. By 1941 the prospect of conquering Britain had decreased and the probability of an eastern war increased, requiring defences to be built to reduce the number and quality of troops required to defend the western ocean areas. Whilst the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine had their roles in protecting the islands from the Allies, the occupying forces put their main effort into land defences aimed at repelling a seaborne or airborne assault. The resulting construction work in the Channel Islands was extensive; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OP (2)
OP or Op may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''One Piece'', a 1997 Japanese manga and anime * Opposite prompt, a stage right prompt corner on a theatre stage * Optimus Prime, a character from the ''Transformers'' franchise * Op., short for opus number, used to denote one work of musical composition from many * Original pronunciation, the phonology of Early Modern English, as used in William Shakespeare's time, specifically when used to perform his works in modern times. * Out of print, a status of a book title at a publishing house Businesses and organizations * Operational planning, the process of planning short term measures in a company * OP Financial Group, a Finnish company * Oborový podnik ("specialized business"), a bygone Czechoslovak state designation for a business entity * Ocean Pacific, a retail clothing company * Oratory Preparatory School, in New Jersey, United States * Dominican Order ( la, Ordo Praedicatorum, , links=no), a Catholic religious order * Odisha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zivilarbeiter
Zivilarbeiter (German for ''civilian worker'') refers primarily to ethnic Polish residents from the General Government (Nazi-occupied central Poland), used during World War II as forced laborers in the Third Reich. Polish Zivilarbeiters The residents of occupied Poland were conscripted on the basis of the so-called Polish decrees (''Polenerlasse''), and were subject to discriminatory regulation. Compared to German workers or foreign workers from neutral and German-allied countries (''Gastarbeitnehmer''), Polish ''Zivilarbeiters'' received lower wages and were not allowed to use public conveniences (such as public transport) or visit many public spaces and businesses (for example they were not allowed to attend German church services, visit swimming pools or restaurants); they had to work longer hours than Germans; they received smaller food rations; they were subject to a curfew; they often were denied holidays and had to work seven days a week; could not enter a marriage withou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batterie Mirus
The Batterie Mirus is located in Saint Peter and Saint Saviour, Guernsey. Originally called Batterie Nina, it comprised four 30.5 cm guns. The battery was constructed from November 1941 and through the first half of 1942, and was the largest battery in the Channel Islands, the guns having a maximum range of 51 km. Although the guns were removed in the early 1950s, the reinforced concrete structures and associated positions remain intact. Planning In 1940 it was initially agreed that the defence of the Channel Islands would come under the remit of the German Kriegsmarine, so ''Marine Artillerie Abteilung 604'' (MAA604) was dispatched to set up a battery on each of the principal islands with calibers of 22 cm, 17 cm and 15 cm. These were installed by May 1941. On 2 June 1941 Adolf Hitler asked for maps of the Channel Islands. By 13 June Hitler had made a decision. Ordering additional men to the Islands and having decided the defences were inadequate, lac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
22cm K532(f)
CM or its variants may refer to: Arts and media Gaming * '' Championship Manager'', a popular football management simulation game * ''Chessmaster'', a chess computer program series Music * C minor, abbreviated Cm, a minor scale or chord based on C * CM (school), a youth and community music organisation * Classical music, Western art music * Common metre, abbreviated CM, a poetic metre frequently used in hymns Other media * ''Correio da Manhã'', a Portuguese daily newspaper Science and technology Computing * Configuration management, a systems engineering process for establishing and maintaining consistency * Connection Machine, series of supercomputers * Content management, technologies that support the collection, management, and publishing of information * CyanogenMod, alternative firmware for Android phones, rebranded as LineageOS Medicine * Centromedian nucleus, a part of the thalamus * Chiari malformation, a narrowing of the skull which puts pressure on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
L'Ancresse
L'Ancresse ''()'' is an area in the Vale, Guernsey, comprising a common and several beaches covering 737 Vergées (298 acres). History The sea levels having risen and stabilised around 9,400 BC leaving L’Ancresse looking similar to the current day situation with the sea to the north and west. Part of a tidal island, originally separated from the rest of Guernsey by the Braye du Valle, a tidal way that could be crossed at low tide. L’Ancresse was the only part of the tidal island that did not form part of the Fief St Michel, the land granted to the Abbey of Mont Saint-Michel in the 10th century, it remained common land, belonging to the King. In the 1309 Assize Roll, a number of defendants were accused of encroaching upon the common land. The beaches at L’Ancresse comprise, Ladies Bay, Chouet, Jaonneuse, Pembroke and L’Ancresse. Early history The earliest evidence of human occupation comes from the Neolithic period 4,500 BC to 1,800 BC: * Les Fouaillages – burial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
St Peter Port
St. Peter Port (french: Saint-Pierre Port) is a town and one of the ten parishes on the island of Guernsey in the Channel Islands. It is the capital of the Bailiwick of Guernsey as well as the main port. The population in 2019 was 18,958. St. Peter Port is a small town (commonly referred to by locals as just "town") consisting mostly of steep narrow streets and steps on the overlooking slopes. It is known that a trading post/town existed here before Roman times with a pre-Christian name which has not survived. The parish covers an area of 6.5 km2. The postal code for addresses in the parish starts with GY1. People from St. Peter Port, were nicknamed "les Villais" (the townspeople) or "cllichards" in Guernésiais. Geography St. Peter Port is on the east coast of Guernsey overlooking Herm and tiny Jethou, a further channel separates Sark and surrounding islets such as Brecqhou; exceptionally Normandy's long Cotentin Peninsula and, to the south-east, Jersey are visible in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Sampson, Guernsey
St Sampson (Guernésiais: ) is a parish of Guernsey, an island in the Bailiwick of Guernsey, directly north of St Peter Port. It is on the north-west and north-east coasts of the island and is split into two sections, intersected by Vale. The parish has a population of 8,966. Its residents are known as (the Guernésiais for frogs). What is currently the northern boundary of the parish originally ran along the south coast of Le Braye du Valle, a tidal channel that made the northern extremity of Guernsey, Le Clos du Valle, a tidal island. La Braye du Valle was drained and reclaimed in 1806 by the British Government as a defence measure. The eastern end of the former channel became the town and harbour (from 1820) of St. Sampson's, now the second biggest port in Guernsey. The western end of La Braye is now Le Grand Havre. The roadway called The Bridge across the end of the harbour at St. Sampson's recalls the bridge that formerly linked the two parts of Guernsey at high tide. Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elizabeth College, Guernsey
The Royal College of Elizabeth, better known as Elizabeth College, is a co-educational independent school in Saint Peter Port, Guernsey. One of the earliest members of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference (HMC), it is a public school in the British sense of the term. Founded on 25 May 1563 by royal charter from Queen Elizabeth I, the school is one of the oldest in the British Isles and is the oldest public school in the Channel Islands. The school endured a difficult two and a half centuries after its foundation, with several principals being dismissed or resigning following disputes with the local authorities. In 1824, it was re-chartered with new staff and an improved curriculum to attract fee-paying pupils from England. During the German occupation of the Channel Islands, the school was evacuated to Great Hucklow, Derbyshire. Having been a boarding school since its foundation, the decline in the number of children admitted as boarders following the world war pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alderney Camps
The Alderney camps were prison camps built and operated by Nazi Germany during its World War II occupation of the Channel Islands. The Channel Islands were the only part of the British Isles to be occupied. Camps Until 2022, it was believed that the Nazis had built four labour camps on Alderney. The Nazi Organisation Todt (OT) operated each subcamp and used forced labour to build fortifications in Alderney including bunkers, gun emplacements, air raid shelters, tunnels and concrete fortifications. The camps commenced operating in January 1942. They were named after the Frisian Islands. The four camps on the island had a total inmate population that fluctuated but is estimated at about 6,000. The exact details are impossible to determine as many records were destroyed. In 2022, studies indicated that as many as nine camps were built at Alderney. Two work camps The two work camps were: * Lager Borkum * Lager Helgoland The ''Borkum'' and ''Helgoland'' camps were "volunteer" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Republicans
Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Canada * Spanish River (other), the name of several rivers * Spanish Town, Jamaica Other uses * John J. Spanish (1922–2019), American politician * "Spanish" (song), a single by Craig David, 2003 See also * * * Español (other) * Spain (other) * España (other) * Espanola (other) * Hispania, the Roman and Greek name for the Iberian Peninsula * Hispanic, the people, nations, and cultures that have a historical link to Spain * Hispanic (other) * Hispanism * Spain (other) * National and regional identity in Spain * Culture of Spain The culture of ''Spain'' is based on a variety of historical influences, primarily based on the culture of ancient Rome, Spain being a prominent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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