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George Clarke (convict)
George "The Barber" Clarke (1806 – 11 August 1835) was an English convict who was transported to Australia, escaped and became a notable bushranger while living with Aboriginal Australians in the Liverpool Plains district of New South Wales. He is famous for giving an exaggerated account to the colonial authorities of an immense river that spanned the continent to the north-west. This story prompted Sir Thomas Mitchell to conduct his four expeditions of exploration into the interior of Australia. After being re-captured, Clarke was sent to the penal colony of Norfolk Island and was later hanged to death in Hobart Town in Van Diemen's Land. Early life George Clarke was born in 1806 in Bewdley, Worcestershire to William and Susanna Clarke. George spent part of his childhood working in London as a messenger-boy for the engineering firm of John Rennie the Elder, where he received an education. It appears that he returned to the mid-west of England to take up an apprenticeshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convicts In Australia
Between 1788 and 1868, about 162,000 Penal transportation, convicts were transported from Great Britain, Britain and Ireland to various list of Australian penal colonies, penal colonies in Australia. The British Government began transporting convicts overseas to Thirteen Colonies, American colonies in the early 18th century. When transportation ended with the start of the American Revolution, an alternative site was needed to relieve further overcrowding of British prisons and prison ship, hulks. Earlier in 1770, James Cook charted and claimed possession of the east coast of Australia for Britain. Seeking to pre-empt the French colonial empire from expanding into the region, Britain chose Australia as the site of a penal colony, and in 1787, the First Fleet of eleven convict ships set sail for Botany Bay, arriving on 20 January 1788 to found Sydney, New South Wales, the first European settlement on the continent. Other penal colonies were later established in Van Diemen's Land ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Charlotte (1819 Ship)
''Royal Charlotte'' was a three-masted merchant ship launched in 1819. ''Royal Charlotte'' carried convicts to Australia in 1825. On her way home to India via Batavia she wrecked on 11 June, but with minimal loss of life. Origins ''Royal Charlotte'' enters the British registers in 1824. The ''Register of Shipping'' describes her as being of 471 tons (bm), and built in 1819 in Calcutta. The entry in ''Lloyd's Register'' is almost entirely illegible. The entry in the 1825 issue reports a burthen of 475 tons, and an origin of Cochin in 1819. Neither of these sources is consistent with Phipps. He reports that M. Smith launched ''Royal Charlotte'' in 1816 at Calcutta, but under the name ''Asia''. He states that her owners sold her at Bombay in 1821, at which time they renamed her ''Royal Charlotte''. He may be conflating ''Royal Charlotte'' with A list of vessels registered at Bombay in 1823 reports that ''Royal Charlotte'', of 471 tons (bm), was built at Cochin in 1819.''Indi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scarification
Scarification involves scratching, etching, burning/branding, or superficially cutting designs, pictures, or words into the skin as a permanent body modification or body art. The body modification can take roughly 6–12 months to heal. In the process of body scarification, scars are purposely formed by cutting or branding the skin by various methods (sometimes using further sequential aggravating wound-healing methods at timed intervals, like irritation). Scarification is sometimes called '' cicatrization'' (from the French equivalent). History Africa Scarification, which is also known as cicatrization in European works, is sometimes included within the category of tattooing, due to both practices creating marks with pigment underneath and textures or pigments on the surface of the skin. In Africa, European colonial governments and European Christian missionaries criminalized and stigmatized the cultural practices of tattooing and scarification; consequently, the practices ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bora (Australian)
Bora is an initiation ceremony of the Aboriginal people of Eastern Australia. The word "bora" also refers to the site on which the initiation is performed. At such a site, boys, having reached puberty, achieve the status of men. The initiation ceremony differs from Aboriginal culture to culture, but often, at a physical level, involved scarification, circumcision, subincision and, in some regions, also the removal of a tooth. During the rites, the youths who were to be initiated were taught traditional sacred songs, the secrets of the tribe's religious visions, dances, and traditional lore. Many different clans would assemble to participate in an initiation ceremony. Women and children were not permitted to be present at the sacred bora ground where these rituals were undertaken. Bora terminology The word ''Bora'' was originally taken from the Gamilaraay language spoken by the Kamilaroi people who lived in the region north of the Hunter Valley in New South Wales to southern Queen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terry Hie Hie, New South Wales
Terry Hie Hie is a very small farming town in the north of New South Wales, Australia within the Moree Plains Shire Council. Terry Hie Hie is south of the Gwydir Highway, east of the Newell Highway and 47 km south-east of Moree, the nearest large town. Tycannah Creek also flows through the village of Terry Hie Hie. In times of flood, Tycannah Creek has been known to inundate some houses. This last happened during the November 2011 floods and the February 2012 floods. In February 2012 floods 12 people were ordered to evacuate from their homes during a large downpour in the Tycannah Creek catchment. Local Aboriginal groups and conservationists were petitioning as recently as 2005 for a 160 square kilometre national park to be set aside and added to the schedule of Aboriginal ownership. The park would comprise seven existing State forests A state forest or national forest is a forest that is administered or protected by some agency of a sovereign state, sovereign or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Possum-skin Cloak
Possum-skin cloaks were a form of clothing worn by Aboriginal people in the south-east of Australia – present-day Victoria and New South Wales. The cloaks were made from numerous possum pelts sewn together with kangaroo sinew, and often decorated with significant incisions on the inside such as clan insignias. They were rubbed with ochre and fat to both decorate and protect them. As well as being a significant means of keeping warm in this often chilly part of Australia, there was much importance around the making of the cloaks and their wearing. They were handed down through generations as heirlooms. As with most Australian Aboriginal belongings, there were many uses for the one thing – the cloaks were also used as blankets, mattresses and to wrap babies. History In the 1800s Governor Lachlan Macquarie, after inspecting the recently forged road across the Blue Mountains west of Sydney, wrote about meeting some members of the Wiradjuri at the Bathurst camp: They were al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Monitor (Sydney)
''The Monitor'' was a biweekly English language newspaper published in Sydney, New South Wales and founded in 1826. It is one of the earlier newspapers in the colony commencing publication twenty three years after the ''Sydney Gazette'', the first paper to appear in 1803, and more than seventy years before the federation of Australia. ''The Monitor'' changed name several times, subsequently being known as ''The Sydney Monitor,'' and in June 1838 Francis O'Brien and Edwyn Henry Statham introduced themselves as the new editors of the re-branded ''Sydney Monitor and Commercial Advertiser''. History The newspaper was first published on 19 May 1826 by Edward Smith Hall and Arthur Hill.M. J. B. Kenny,Hall, Edward Smith (1786–1860), ''Australian Dictionary of Biography'', Volume 1, MUP, 1966. Accessed 24 April 2013 The paper was not without controversy in the colony, publicly taking up the cause of the poor and convicts with a motto that "nothing extenuate nor set down aught in mali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Namoi River
The Namoi River, a major perennial river that is part of the Barwon catchment of the Murray–Darling basin, is located in the Northern Tablelands and North West Slopes districts of New South Wales, Australia. The Namoi River rises on the western slopes of the Moonbi Range and Great Dividing Range, near Niangala, at the convergence of the Macdonald River and Boundary Creek, and flows generally west, joined by twenty-seven tributaries, including the Peel, Manilla and Mooki rivers, before reaching its confluence with the Barwon River, near Walgett. The Namoi River descends over its course; passing near the towns of Gunnedah, Boggabri, Narrabri, Wee Waa and Walgett. The flow of the river is impounded by Lake Keepit and Baraneal Lagoon. Course The headwaters of the Namoi, including the Macdonald River, the Peel River, the Cockburn River and the Manilla River, rise on the western slopes of the Great Dividing Range on the Northern Tablelands. Other smaller tributaries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Willow Tree, New South Wales
Willow Tree is a village composed of about 308 people, located in New South Wales, Australia. It is situated in the Liverpool Plains, 14 kilometres south of Quirindi, New South Wales, Quirindi near the junction of the Kamilaroi Highway, Kamilaroi and New England Highways. The town itself is small but the farms extend southwest out to the township of Warrah, New South Wales, Warrah. It is a service centre to the rural areas of Warrah and Mount Parry. History Willow Tree is located at the north-eastern corner of the enormous Warrah grant which was made out to the Australian Agricultural Company in 1833. An inn was established on the future town site, at the junction of the roads north to Quirindi and north-east to Wallabadah in the mid-19th century. It was, however, the arrival of the railway in the 1870s that led to settlement. Willow Tree Post Office opened on 1 August 1872 (though known as ''Warrah'' for a few weeks in 1877). The village was surveyed when part of the Warrah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gamilaraay
The Gamilaraay, also known as Gomeroi, Kamilaroi, Kamillaroi and other variations, are an Aboriginal Australian people whose lands extend from New South Wales to southern Queensland. They form one of the four largest Indigenous nations in Australia. Name The ethnonym Gamilaraay is formed from , meaning "no", and the suffix , bearing the sense of "having". It is a common practice among Australian tribes to have themselves identified according to their respective words for "no". The Kamilaroi Highway, the Sydney Ferries Limited vehicular ferry "Kamilaroi" (1901–1933), the stage name of Australian rapper and singer the Kid Laroi and a cultivar of Durum wheat have all been named after the Kamilaroi people. Language Gamilaraay language is classified as one of the Pama–Nyungan languages. The language is no longer spoken, as the last fluent speakers died out in the 1950s. However, some parts have been reconstructed by late field work, which includes substantial recordings of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liverpool Range
The Liverpool Range is a mountain range and a lava-field province in New South Wales, Australia. The eastern peaks of the range were the traditional territory of the Wonnarua people. Geography The Liverpool Range starts from the volcanic plateau known as the Barrington Tops and runs for about westwards, forming the northern boundary of the Hunter Region. Parts of the Liverpool Range form the watershed between the coastal and inland drainage of New South Wales and thus form a component of the Great Dividing Range. The western end of the Liverpool Range merges into the Warrumbungle Range. The Liverpool Range has a reputation as a breeding ground for severe summer thunderstorms. The peaks of the range generally experience several snowfalls each winter. History The Liverpool Range was named after Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, who was the prime minister of the United Kingdom at the time of its exploration by Europeans. The higher parts of the Liverpool Range reac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hunter Valley
The Hunter Region, also commonly known as the Hunter Valley, is a region of New South Wales, Australia, extending from approximately to north of Sydney. It contains the Hunter River and its tributaries with highland areas to the north and south. Situated at the northern end of the Sydney Basin bioregion, the Hunter Valley is one of the largest river valleys on the NSW coast, and is most commonly known for its wineries and coal industry. Most of the population of the Hunter Region lives within of the coast, with 55% of the entire population living in the cities of Newcastle and Lake Macquarie. There are numerous other towns and villages scattered across the region in the eleven local government areas (LGAs) that make up the region. At the the combined population of the region was 682,465, and is expected to reach over 1,000,000 people by 2031. Under Australia's wine appellation system, the Hunter Valley wine zone Australian Geographical Indication (GI) covers the entire catc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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