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George Antonius
George Habib Antonius, CBE (hon.) ( ar, جورج حبيب أنطونيوس; October 9, 1891May 21, 1942) was a Lebanese author and diplomat who settled in Jerusalem. He was one of the first historians of Arab nationalism. Born in Deir al Qamar to a Lebanese Eastern Orthodox Christian family, he served as a civil servant in the British Mandate of Palestine. His 1938 book ''The Arab Awakening'' generated an ongoing debate over such issues as the origins of Arab nationalism, the significance of the Arab Revolt of 1916, and the machinations behind the post-World War I political settlement in West Asia and North Africa. Philosophy Antonius traced Arab nationalism to the reign of Mehmet Ali Pasha in Egypt. He argued that the Arab nation (which consists of racial and cultural-linguistic elements) has been "dormant" for centuries, and that Protestant missionaries from United States had a specific role in the renewal and "awakening" of the Arabic as a national language. He saw the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deir Al Qamar
Deir al-Qamar ( ar, دَيْر الْقَمَر, lit=Monastery of the moon, translit=Dayr al-qamar), is a city south-east of Beirut in south-central Lebanon. It is located five kilometres outside of Beiteddine in the Chouf District of the Mount Lebanon Governorate at 800 m of average altitude. History Crusader period The oldest written reference to Deir el Qamar (''Deir elcamar'' or ''Deir elchamar'') goes back to 1257 and 1261 in the deeds of ''Julian of Shouf'' and ''Andrew of Shouf'' selling their lands and villages in their lordship of Shouf to the Theutonic Order as reported in ''Tabulae Ordinis Theutonici''. Ottoman period During the 16th to 18th centuries, Deir al-Qamar was the capital and the residence of the Emirate of Mount Lebanon. It is also notable for its 15th-century Fakhreddine Mosque, Fakhreddine II Palace, and the palace of the Emir Yusuf Shihab - today housing the Municipal Council. A 17th-century synagogue is still standing in the village, although closed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American University Of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB) ( ar, الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees. AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents. History On J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awni Abdul Hadi
Awni Abd al-Hadi, ( ar, عوني عبد الهادي) aka Auni Bey Abdel Hadi (1889, Nablus, Ottoman Empire – 15 March 1970, Cairo, Egypt) was a Palestinian political figure. He was educated in Beirut, Istanbul, and at the Sorbonne University in Paris. His wife was Tarab Abd al-Hadi, a Palestinian activist and feminist. Political activity In 1911 Abd al-Hadi, along with Rafiq al-Tamimi were founding members of the Paris-based underground al-Fatat ("the Young Arab Society") nationalist society, which was devoted to Arab independence and unity. He was among the organizers of the Arab Congress of 1913 in Paris. When Faisal I of Iraq arrived in Paris en route to London in December 1918 Ahmad Qadri located Abd al-Hadi introduced him to Faisal who appointed him as the head of the administrative office for the Arab delegation to the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. Abd al-Hadi was later an adviser to Amir Abdullah in Transjordan. On his return to Palestine in 1924, Abd al-Hadi became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamal Al-Husseini
Jamal al-Husayni (1894-1982) ( ar, جمال الحُسيني), was born in Jerusalem and was a member of the highly influential and respected Husayni family. Husayni served as Secretary to the Executive Committee of the Palestine Arab Congress (1921–1934) and to the Muslim Supreme Council. He was co-founder and chairman of the Palestine Arab Party, established in Jerusalem in 1935, and in 1937 became a member of the first Arab Higher Committee, led by Amin al-Husayni, later becoming its chairman. During the 1936-39 Arab revolt he escaped first to Syria (1937) and then to Baghdad, Iraq (1939). He led the Arab delegation to the 1939 London Conference and was Palestinian representative to the Anglo-American Committee of Enquiry. Husayni was arrested by the British in 1941 and exiled to Southern Rhodesia. He was released at the end of World War II and returned to Palestine in 1946. He was an unofficial delegate to the United Nations in 1947-48. In September–October 1948 he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musa Alami
Musa Alami (3 May 1897 – 8 June 1984) ( ar, موسى العلمي, ) was a prominent Palestinians, Palestinian nationalist and politician. Due to Alami having represented Palestine at various Arab conferences, in the 1940s, he was viewed by many as the leader of the Palestinian Arabs. Biography Early life and political career Alami was born in the Musrara, Jerusalem, Musrara neighborhood of Jerusalem, Palestine (region), Palestine, into a prominent family. His father was Mayor of Jerusalem Faidi al-Alami, his sister was married to Jamal al-Hussayni, and he was the uncle of Serene Husseini Shahid. Alami was first taught at the school of the American Colony, Jerusalem, American Colony and at the French Ecole des Freres in Jaffa. During World War I, he worked at the censorship office in Damascus. Alami retained a positive view of the Ottoman empire, recalling that the Arabs regarded the Turks as partners rather than oppressors, and above all, that Palestine was largely ruled by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaqub Al-Ghusayn
Yaqub al-Ghussein ( ar, يعقوب الغصين, ) (1899-1948) was a Palestinian landowner from Ramla and founder of the Youth Congress Party. He graduated in law from the University of Cambridge. Ghussein was elected president of the first National Congress of Arab Youth, held in Jaffa in January 1932. He was a member and representative of his party in the Arab Higher Committee from its formation in 1936. In 1937 he was a member of the Supreme Muslim Council. On 1 October of the same year he was exiled by the British to the Seychelles Islands for being a member of the Arab Higher Committee, which was outlawed by the British on 27 September 1937, following the assassination of the Acting British District Commissioner of Galilee, Lewis Yelland Andrews. He was a member of the Palestinian delegation to the London Conference at St. James's Palace in February 1939. Ghussein reconstituted his faction in 1945. He died in Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al Muqattam
''Al Muqattam'' (Arabic: المقطم) was an Arabic newspaper which was published in Cairo, Egypt, between 1888 and 1952. It was one of the leading papers until its closure by the Egyptian government in 1954. The title of the paper was a reference to a range of hills outside Cairo. History and profile ''Al Muqattam'' was first published on 18 April 1888. The founders were three Christians: Faris Nimr, Khalil Thabet and Anton Najib Matar. The establishment of the paper was supported by Lord Cromer, colonial administrator of the British in Egypt. It produced only three issues until 14 February 1889 when it became a daily newspaper. The paper was affiliated with the Al Muqtafa Foundation. The publishers were Syrian-origin Christians, Faris Nimr, Yaqub Sarruf and Shahin Makaryus. The latter also published a masonic journal entitled ''Al Lataif'' in Cairo between 1885 and 1896. Fares Nimr also served as the editor-in-chief of ''Al Muqattam'' from its start to his death in 1951 and al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
London Conference (1939)
The London Conference (1939), or ''St James's Palace Conference'', which took place between 7 February-17 March 1939, was called by the British Government to plan the future governance of Palestine and an end of the Mandate. It opened on 7 February 1939 in St James's Palace after which the Colonial Secretary, Malcolm MacDonald held a series of separate meetings with an Arab and a Jewish delegation, because the Arab delegation refused to sit in the same room as the Jewish delegation. When MacDonald first announced the proposed conference he made clear that if no agreement was reached the government would impose a solution. The process came to an end after five and a half weeks with the British announcing proposals which were later published as the 1939 White Paper. Background In 1936, following the Great Arab Revolt, Arabs in Palestine went on a general strike. Additionally, Palestinian Arab leaders formed the Higher National Committee (HNC). After the strike, the British g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute Of Current World Affairs
The Institute of Current World Affairs (ICWA) is an operating foundation established in 1925 by US industrial heir and magnate Charles Richard Crane to advance American understanding of international cultures and affairs by sending young professionals abroad to study countries, regions and globally important issues. Institute alumni include leading journalists, scholars, diplomats, activists and businesspeople. ICWA says it selects its fellows from a diverse group of young professionals for two years of cultural immersion in locations around the globe. Fellows explore their topics through self-designed and fully funded programs of study, thought and writing. They record their research and analysis in monthly dispatches. While in the field, fellows receive support and mentoring from ICWA staff, former fellows and ICWA members with expertise in fellowship areas. Former fellows credit the intensive immersion experience of an ICWA fellowship, free from deadlines and career pressures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilbert Clayton
Brigadier-General Sir Gilbert Falkingham Clayton (6 April 1875 – 11 September 1929) was a British Army intelligence officer and colonial administrator, who worked in several countries in the Middle East in the early 20th century. In Egypt, during World War I as an intelligence officer, he supervised those who worked to start the Arab Revolt. In Palestine, Arabia and Mesopotamia, in the 1920s as a colonial administrator, he helped negotiate the borders of the countries that later became Israel, Jordan, Syria, Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Early life Born in Ryde, Isle of Wight, Clayton was the eldest son of Lt. Col. William Lewis Nicholl Clayton, and his wife, Maria Martha Pilkington. He was educated at the Isle of Wight College and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He become an officer in the Royal Artillery in 1895. He was part of the forces sent to the Sudan during the closing stages of the Mahdist War, seeing action in the Battle of Atbara (1898). He then served in Egypt, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faris Nimr
Faris Nimr (; 1856–1951), was a pioneer Lebanese journalist and intellectual. He cofounded ''Al Muqattam'', an Arabic, Cairo-based newspaper. Early life and education Nimr was born in 1856 in Hasbaya, Lebanon. He hailed from a Protestant family. His father was killed in the 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon, and he moved with his mother to Beirut, then to Jerusalem. They returned to Hasbaya in 1868. Nimr graduated from the Syrian College in Beirut in 1874, and worked at the newly created Lee Observatory under Doctor Cornelius Van Dyck, before becoming the observatory manager himself. In 1890 he graduated with a doctorate in philosophy from New York University. Career Following his graduation Nimr worked at the American College in Beirut as a lecturer. In 1876, he founded the monthly Arabic popular science magazine '' Al Muqtataf'' with Yaqub Sarruf in Beirut. They both moved to Cairo in late 1884 where they continued publishing ''Al-Muqtataf'' with great success. They m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Women's Literary Salons And Societies In The Arab World
The tradition of women's literary circles in the Arab world dates back to the pre-Islamic period when the eminent literary figure, Al-Khansa, would stand in the 'Ukaz market in Mecca, reciting her poetry and airing her views on the scholarship of others. From this, a culture of literary criticism emerged among Arab women, and under the Umayyad dynasty, Sukaynah Bint Al-Husayn established the first literary salon in her home.Khaldi, 2008, p. 58 The tradition was revived during the late nineteenth century, as a result of sweeping social, political and economic change within the Ottoman Empire and Europe's increasing political and cultural influence in the region. The initial pioneers of the Arab salon were women from wealthy families in Greater Syria and Egypt, who returned influenced by interaction with European women during their time spent studying abroad and frequenting Parisian salons, or studying in schools run by European or American missionaries. The salon evenings, run by w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
