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Geoglossum
''Geoglossum'' is a genus of fungi in the family Geoglossaceae. They are commonly called earth tongues. The type species is ''Geoglossum glabrum''. ''Geoglossum'' species are distinguished from the related genus ''Trichoglossum'' by the lack of setae on the spore bearing surface. ''Geoglossum'' species are characterized by dark, club-shaped, terrestrial ascocarps with a fertile hymenium continuing downward from the apex of the ascocarp along the stipe, eventually intergrading with a sterile stipe. The ascospores of ''Geoglossum'' range from translucent to dark brown, and are fusiform, and multiseptate. Identification of species is based on the gross morphology of the ascocarp, color and septation of the ascospores, and shape and ornamentation of the paraphyses. Taxonomy ''Geoglossum'' was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1794, who created the genus to accommodate ''Clavaria ophioglossoides'' L. and three other species: ''Geoglossum hirsutum'' (now ''Trichogloss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoglossum Glabrum
''Geoglossum'' is a genus of fungi in the family Geoglossaceae. They are commonly called earth tongues. The type species is '' Geoglossum glabrum''. ''Geoglossum'' species are distinguished from the related genus '' Trichoglossum'' by the lack of setae on the spore bearing surface. ''Geoglossum'' species are characterized by dark, club-shaped, terrestrial ascocarps with a fertile hymenium continuing downward from the apex of the ascocarp along the stipe, eventually intergrading with a sterile stipe. The ascospores of ''Geoglossum'' range from translucent to dark brown, and are fusiform, and multiseptate. Identification of species is based on the gross morphology of the ascocarp, color and septation of the ascospores, and shape and ornamentation of the paraphyses. Taxonomy ''Geoglossum'' was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1794, who created the genus to accommodate ''Clavaria ophioglossoides'' L. and three other species: ''Geoglossum hirsutum'' (now ''Trichoglo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoglossomycetes
Geoglossaceae is a family of fungi in the order Geoglossales, class Geoglossomycetes. These fungi are broadly known as earth tongues. The ascocarps of most species in the family Geoglossaceae are terrestrial and are generally small, dark in color, and club-shaped with a height of 2–8 cm. The ascospores are typically light-brown to dark-brown and are often multiseptate. Other species of fungi have been known to parasitize ascocarps. The use of a compound microscope is needed for accurate identification."Family: Geoglossaceae." The Hidden Forest. 26 Aug. 2009 . Systematics The fungi that are now included in the fungal class Geoglossomycetes were previously considered by mycologists to be a family (Geoglossaceae) within the class Leotiomycetes. The family Geoglossaceae ''sensu lato'' was previously defined with 6 genera and 48 species. Early molecular evidence using ribosomal DNA suggested that Geoglossaceae ''sensu lato'' was not a monophyletic group, and that the hyaline s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoglossales
Geoglossaceae is a family of fungi in the order Geoglossales, class Geoglossomycetes. These fungi are broadly known as earth tongues. The ascocarps of most species in the family Geoglossaceae are terrestrial and are generally small, dark in color, and club-shaped with a height of 2–8 cm. The ascospores are typically light-brown to dark-brown and are often multiseptate. Other species of fungi have been known to parasitize ascocarps. The use of a compound microscope is needed for accurate identification."Family: Geoglossaceae." The Hidden Forest. 26 Aug. 2009 . Systematics The fungi that are now included in the fungal class Geoglossomycetes were previously considered by mycologists to be a family (Geoglossaceae) within the class Leotiomycetes. The family Geoglossaceae ''sensu lato'' was previously defined with 6 genera and 48 species. Early molecular evidence using ribosomal DNA suggested that Geoglossaceae ''sensu lato'' was not a monophyletic group, and that the hyalin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geoglossaceae
Geoglossaceae is a family of fungi in the order Geoglossales, class Geoglossomycetes. These fungi are broadly known as earth tongues. The ascocarps of most species in the family Geoglossaceae are terrestrial and are generally small, dark in color, and club-shaped with a height of 2–8 cm. The ascospores are typically light-brown to dark-brown and are often multiseptate. Other species of fungi have been known to parasitize ascocarps. The use of a compound microscope is needed for accurate identification."Family: Geoglossaceae." The Hidden Forest. 26 Aug. 2009 . Systematics The fungi that are now included in the fungal class Geoglossomycetes were previously considered by mycologists to be a family (Geoglossaceae) within the class Leotiomycetes. The family Geoglossaceae ''sensu lato'' was previously defined with 6 genera and 48 species. Early molecular evidence using ribosomal DNA suggested that Geoglossaceae ''sensu lato'' was not a monophyletic group, and that the hyalin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichoglossum Hirsutum
''Trichoglossum hirsutum'' is a species of fungus in the family Geoglossaceae. In the UK, it has been given the recommended English name of hairy earthtongue. In North America it is known variously as velvety earth tongue, shaggy earth tongue, or black earth tongue. DNA evidence suggests the hairy earthtongue may be a species complex. Taxonomy The species was first described by mycologist Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1794 as ''Geoglossum hirsutum''. In 1907 Jean Louis Émile Boudier transferred the species to his new genus ''Trichoglossum'', of which it is the type. Initial molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, indicates that ''Trichoglossum hirsutum'' sensu lato comprises at least three separate taxa in Europe and North America, though these may not be morphologically distinguishable. At least one of these cryptic species occurs in both continents. Description Ascocarps are club-shaped, up to 90 mm (3.5 in) tall, black to dark brown, with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichoglossum
''Trichoglossum'' is a genus of fungi in the family Geoglossaceae. They are commonly called hairy earth tongues. The type species is ''Trichoglossum hirsutum''. Members of the genus ''Trichoglossum'' have tiny hairs known as setae on the spore bearing surface. The related genus '' Geoglossum'' lacks hairs on the spore bearing surface. History The genus ''Trichoglossum'' was created by Émile Boudier, who constructed the new genus to include species of ''Geoglossum'' bearing prominent setae. Numerous authors have examined this genus since its creation, with many new species and varieties described. Index Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of M ... currently lists 47 names, including forms and varieties, while Kirk et al. (2008) acknowledge 19 species. Publish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microglossum Viride
''Microglossum viride'' is a species of fungi in the family Geoglossaceae. They are commonly called green earth tongues. Etymology The word ''Microglossum'' comes from the Greek words mikrós + glōssa, and literally means "small tongue". The species epithet, ''viride,'' comes from the Latin viridis for "green." History ''Microglossum viride'' was described by Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1797 as ''Geoglossum viride''. In 1879 it was moved into the genus ''Microglossum ''Microglossum'' is a genus of fungi in the family Leotiaceae. Ascocarps (fruit bodies) occur in soil and resemble earth tongues, but are microscopically distinct. '' Microglossum atropurpureum'', a species typical of waxcap grassland in Europ ...''. Similar species Collections of green ''Microglossum'' with scaly stipe had been commonly called ''M. viride''. In 2014 morphological and molecular data revealed another taxon hidden under this name that was segregated and described as new, i.e. ''Microglossum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyses
Paraphyses are erect sterile filament-like support structures occurring among the reproductive apparatuses of fungi, ferns, bryophytes and some thallophytes. The singular form of the word is paraphysis. In certain fungi, they are part of the fertile spore-bearing layer. More specifically, paraphyses are sterile filamentous hyphal end cells composing part of the hymenium of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota interspersed among either the asci or basidia respectively, and not sufficiently differentiated to be called cystidia A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that ar ..., which are specialized, swollen, often protruding cells. The tips of paraphyses may contain the pigments which colour the hymenium. In ferns and mosses, they are filament-like structures that are found on sporangia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusiform
Fusiform means having a spindle-like shape that is wide in the middle and tapers at both ends. It is similar to the lemon-shape, but often implies a focal broadening of a structure that continues from one or both ends, such as an aneurysm on a blood vessel. Examples * Fusiform, a body shape common to many aquatic animals, characterized by being tapered at both the head and the tail * Fusiform, a classification of aneurysm * Fusiform bacteria (spindled rods, that is, fusiform bacilli), such as the Fusobacteriota * Fusiform cell (biology) * Fusiform face area, a part of the human visual system which seems to specialize in facial recognition * Fusiform gyrus, part of the temporal lobe of the brain * Fusiform muscle, where the fibres run parallel along the length of the muscle * Fusiform neuron, a spindle-shaped neuron A neuron, neurone, or nerve cell is an electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells via specialized connections called synapses. The neuron i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascospores
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some '' Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaline
A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from el, ὑάλινος, translit=hyálinos, lit=transparent, and el, ὕαλος, translit=hýalos, lit=crystal, glass, label=none. Histopathology Hyaline cartilage is named after its glassy appearance on fresh gross pathology. On light microscopy of H&E stained slides, the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage looks homogeneously pink, and the term "hyaline" is used to describe similarly homogeneously pink material besides the cartilage. Hyaline material is usually acellular and proteinaceous. For example, arterial hyaline is seen in aging, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and in association with some drugs (e.g. calcineurin inhibitors). It is bright pink with PAS staining. Ichthyology and entomology In ichthyology and entomology, ''hyaline'' denotes a colorless, transparent substance, such as unpigmented fins of fishes or clear insect wings. Resh, Vincent H. and R. T. Cardé, Eds. Encyclo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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