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Geneviève D'Ossun
Geneviève d'Ossun née de Gramont (Paris, 1751 – 26 July 1794, Paris) was a French courtier. She served as ''dame d'atour'' to the queen of France, Marie Antoinette, from 1781 until 1791, and as ''première dame d'honneur'' from 1791 until 1792. Life She was the daughter of Count Antoine-Adrien-Charles de Gramont, the niece of Étienne François de Choiseul, duc de Choiseul, and — through her brother Antoine de Gramont — sister-in-law to Aglaé de Polignac, daughter of Yolande de Polastron, duchesse de Polignac. She married Marquis Charles d'Ossun, son of Pierre Paul d'Ossun in 1766, and was introduced at court after her wedding. Court service On 26 May 1781, she was appointed ''dame d'atour'' to the queen in succession to Marie-Jeanne de Talleyrand-Périgord, duchesse de Mailly, who retired for health reasons. As ''dame d'atour'', she was the supervisor of the wardrobe and dressing ceremony of the queen. Reportedly, she attempted to subdue the enormous costs of the que ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneviève D'Ossun
Geneviève d'Ossun née de Gramont (Paris, 1751 – 26 July 1794, Paris) was a French courtier. She served as ''dame d'atour'' to the queen of France, Marie Antoinette, from 1781 until 1791, and as ''première dame d'honneur'' from 1791 until 1792. Life She was the daughter of Count Antoine-Adrien-Charles de Gramont, the niece of Étienne François de Choiseul, duc de Choiseul, and — through her brother Antoine de Gramont — sister-in-law to Aglaé de Polignac, daughter of Yolande de Polastron, duchesse de Polignac. She married Marquis Charles d'Ossun, son of Pierre Paul d'Ossun in 1766, and was introduced at court after her wedding. Court service On 26 May 1781, she was appointed ''dame d'atour'' to the queen in succession to Marie-Jeanne de Talleyrand-Périgord, duchesse de Mailly, who retired for health reasons. As ''dame d'atour'', she was the supervisor of the wardrobe and dressing ceremony of the queen. Reportedly, she attempted to subdue the enormous costs of the que ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flight To Varennes
The royal Flight to Varennes (french: Fuite à Varennes) during the night of 20–21 June 1791 was a significant event in the French Revolution in which King Louis XVI of France, Queen Marie Antoinette, and their immediate family unsuccessfully attempted to escape from Paris in order to initiate a counter-revolution at the head of loyal troops under royalist officers concentrated at Montmédy near the frontier. They escaped only as far as the small town of Varennes-en-Argonne, where they were arrested after having been recognized at their previous stop in Sainte-Menehould. This incident was a turning point after which popular hostility towards the French monarchy as an institution, as well as towards the king and queen as individuals, became much more pronounced. The king's attempted flight provoked charges of treason that ultimately led to his execution in 1793. The escape failed due to a series of misadventures, delays, misinterpretations and poor judgments. Much was due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ladies-in-waiting
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with France ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Fortnite French places Arts and media * The French (band), a British rock band * "French" (episode), a live-action episode of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!'' * ''Française'' (film), 2008 * French Stewart (born 1964), American actor Other uses * French (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * French (tunic), a particular type of military jacket or tunic used in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union * French's, an American brand of mustard condiment * French catheter scale, a unit of measurement of diameter * French Defence, a chess opening * French kiss, a type of kiss involving the tongue See also * France (other) * Franch, a surname * Frenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1794 Deaths
Events January–March * January 1 – The Stibo Group is founded by Niels Lund as a printing company in Aarhus (Denmark). * January 13 – The U.S. Congress enacts a law providing for, effective May 1, 1795, a United States flag of 15 stars and 15 stripes, in recognition of the recent admission of Vermont and Kentucky as the 14th and 15th states. A subsequent act restores the number of stripes to 13, but provides for additional stars upon the admission of each additional state. * January 21 – King George III of Great Britain delivers the speech opening Parliament and recommends a continuation of Britain's war with France. * February 4 – French Revolution: The National Convention of the French First Republic abolishes slavery. * February 8 – Wreck of the Ten Sail on Grand Cayman. * February 11 – The first session of the United States Senate is open to the public. * March 4 – The Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1751 Births
In Britain and its colonies (except Scotland), 1751 only had 282 days due to the British Calendar Act of 1751, which ended the year on 31 December (rather than nearly three months later according to its previous rule). Events January–March * January 1 – As the American colony in Georgia prepares the transition from a trustee-operated territory to a British colonial province, the prohibition against slavery is lifted by the Board of Trustees. At the time, the African-American population of Georgia is about 400 people who have been kept as slaves in violation of the law. By 1790, the slave population increases to over 29,000 and by 1860 to 462,000. * January 7 – The University of Pennsylvania, conceived 12 years earlier by Benjamin Franklin and its other trustees to provide non-denominational higher education "to train young people for leadership in business, government and public service". rather than for the ministry, holds its first classes as "Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adélaïde De La Rochefoucauld
Adélaïde de La Rochefoucauld (née de Pyvart de Chastullé; 1769 - 1814), was a French courtier. She served as the principal lady in waiting, or ''dame d'honneur'' (Mistress of the Robes), to empress Joséphine de Beauharnais in 1804–09. Life She was born in Paris as the heiress of a rich plantation owner from Saint Domingue. Her father was allied to the Beauharnais family, and she married Alexandre, comte de La Rochefoucauld (1767–1841), in Paris on 9 June 1788. She had three sons and one daughter. Her daughter later married , a brother-in-law of Pauline Bonaparte, Princess Borghese. She had reportedly been an acquaintance of Josephine since before she became an empress. She was imprisoned during the Terror of Robespierre and had met Josephine soon after they had both been released from prison. In 1804, when Napoleon made himself Emperor and his wife Empress of France, he created an Imperial court and had ladies-in-waiting appointed to empress Josephine. de La Rochefoucaul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Première Dame D'honneur
''Première dame d'honneur'' ('first lady of honour'), or simply ''dame d'honneur'' ('lady of honour'), was an office at the royal court of France. It existed in nearly all French courts from the 16th-century onward. Though the tasks of the post shifted, the dame d'honneur was normally the first or second rank of all ladies-in-waiting. The dame d'honneur was selected from the members of the highest French nobility. History The office was created in 1523. The term Dame d'honneur has also been used as a general term for a (married) French lady-in-waiting. Initially, the married ladies-in-waiting who attended the queen of France had the title Dame. This was simply the title of a married lady-in-waiting, who was not the principal lady-in-waiting. From 1523, the group of 'Dame', (married) ladies-in-waiting who attended the court as companions of the queen had the formal title Dame d'honneur ('Lady of Honour', commonly only 'Dame'), hence the title 'Première dame d'honneur' ('Firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Émilie De Beauharnais
Émilie de Beauharnais, comtesse de Lavalette (1781–1855), was a French court official, ''dame d'atour'' to Empress Joséphine of France. Life She was the daughter of François VI de Beauharnais and Françoise de Beauharnais and thus related to Joséphine. She married Comte Antoine Marie Chamans de Lavalette, in 1798. She belonged to those called to be appointed when the first ladies-in-waiting were named for Joséphine. In 1804, when Napoleon named himself Emperor of France, and his wife Empress, he also created an Imperial court and had ladies-in-waiting appointed to empress Josephine. Adélaïde de La Rochefoucauld was made ''dame d'honneur'' and de Beauharnais made ''dame d'atour'', while Jeanne Charlotte du Luçay, Madame de Rémusat, Elisabeth Baude de Talhouët, Lauriston, d'Arberg, Marie Antoinette Duchâtel, Sophie de Segur, Séran, Colbert, Savary and Aglaé Louise Auguié Ney, were all made ''dame du Palais''. When Napoleon divorced Joséphine and married Marie Lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dame D'atour
''Dame d'atour'' was an office at the royal court of France. It existed in nearly all French courts from the 16th-century onward. The ''dame d'honneur'' was selected from the members of the highest French nobility. History At least from the Isabeau of Bavaria's tenure as queen, there had been a post named ''demoiselle d'atour'' or ''femme d'atour'', but this had originally been the title of the queen's chambermaids and divided among several people. The office of ''dame d'atour'', created in 1534, was one of the highest-ranking offices among the ladies-in-waiting of the queen and given only to members of the nobility.Nadine Akkerman & Birgit Houben, eds. ''The Politics of Female Households: Ladies-in-waiting across Early Modern Europe'' Leiden: Brill, 2013 The ''dame d'atour'' had the responsibility of the queen's wardrobe and jewelry and supervised the dressing of the queen and the chamber staff of ''femme du chambre''. When the ''dame d'honneur'' was absent, she was replaced ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Émile-Paul Frères
Émile-Paul Frères was a French publishing house, whose origins date back to 1881. 'Frères' is French for 'Brothers'. The brand was created by two brothers, Albert and Robert Paul, the sons of the founder Émile Paul. It was active until 1955, before disappearing in 1982. It was the first publisher of Alain-Fournier's ''Le Grand Meaulnes ''Le Grand Meaulnes'' () is the only novel by French author Alain-Fournier, who was killed in the first month of World War I. The novel, published in 1913, a year before the author's death, is somewhat autobiographical – especially the name of t ...''. References Sources * Pascal Fouché, ''L’Édition française sous l’Occupation 1940-1944'', Bibliothèque de littérature française contemporaine de l'université Paris 7, 1987-1988 ; reissue Éditions de l’IMEC, 2 volumes, 2005 . * « Émile-Paul Frères », by Marie-Gabrielle Slama in P. Fouché ''et al.'' (direction) ''Dictionnaire encyclopédique du livre'', Paris, Le Cercle de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Tribunal
The Revolutionary Tribunal (french: Tribunal révolutionnaire; unofficially Popular Tribunal) was a court instituted by the National Convention during the French Revolution for the trial of political offenders. It eventually became one of the most powerful engines of the Reign of Terror. Judicial reforms Early 1791 ''freedom of defence'' became the standard; any citizen was allowed to defend another. From the beginning, the authorities were concerned about this experiment. Derasse suggests it was a "collective suicide" by the lawyers in the Assembly. In criminal cases, the expansion of the right ... gave priority to the spoken word. By December 1791 deputies voted themselves the power to select the judges, jury and ''accusateur public''. On 15 February 1792 the ''Tribunal Criminel'' was installed with Maximilien Robespierre as ''accusateur''. On 10 April Robespierre decided to give up his position and became an ordinary citizen who published a magazine. Along with other Jac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of 22 Prairial
The Law of 22 Prairial, also known as the ''loi de la Grande Terreur'', the law of the Great Terror, was enacted on 10 June 1794 (22 Prairial of the Year II under the French Revolutionary Calendar). It was proposed by Georges Auguste Couthon but seems to have been written by Robespierre according to Laurent Lecointre. By means of this law the Committee of Public Safety simplified the judicial process to one of indictment and prosecution. Background The immediate background to the introduction of the Prairial Law was the attempted assassinations of Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois on 23 May and of Maximilien Robespierre on 25 May. Introducing the decree at the Convention, Georges Couthon, who had drafted it, argued that political crimes were far worse than common crimes because in the latter 'only individuals are wounded' where as in the former 'the existence of free society is threatened'. Under these circumstances, 'indulgence is an atrocity... clemency is parricide.'. The law was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
