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Geastrales
Geastrales is an order of gasterocarpic basidiomycetes (fungi) that are related to Cantharellales. The order contains the single family Geastraceae, commonly known as "earthstars", which older classifications had placed in Lycoperdales, or Phallales. Approximately 64 species are classified in this family, divided among eight genera, including the ''Geastrum'', ''Myriostoma'' and '' Sphaerobolus''. The ''Sphaerobolus'' are known as "shotgun fungus" or "cannonball fungus". They colonize wood-based mulches and may throw black, sticky, spore-containing globs onto nearby surfaces. The fruiting bodies of several earthstars are hygroscopic: in dry weather the "petals" will dry and curl up around the soft spore sac, protecting it. In this state, often the whole fungus becomes detached from the ground and may roll around like a tumbleweed. Once mature, their exoperidium splits into a variable number of rays, which give Geastrum their visible star shape. The exoperidial rays are ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geastrum Triplex
''Geastrum triplex'' is a fungus found in the detritus and leaf litter of hardwood forests around the world. It is commonly known as the collared earthstar, the saucered earthstar, or the triple earthstar—and less commonly by the alternative species name ''Geastrum indicum''. It is the largest member of the genus ''Geastrum'' (or Geastrum, earthstar fungi) and expanded mature specimens can reach a tip-to-tip length of up to . Immature basidiocarp, fruit bodies are spherical—somewhat resembling puffballs with pointed beaks—and are partially or completely buried in the ground. As the fungus matures, the outer layer of tissue (the exoperidium) splits into four to eight pointed segments that spread outwards and downwards, lifting and exposing the spherical inner spore sac. The spore sac contains the gleba, a mass of spores and fertile Mycelium, mycelial tissue that when young is white and firm, but ages to become brown and powdery. Often, a layer of the exoperidium splits ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geastraceae
Geastrales is an order of gasterocarpic basidiomycetes (fungi) that are related to Cantharellales. The order contains the single family Geastraceae, commonly known as "earthstars", which older classifications had placed in Lycoperdales, or Phallales. Approximately 64 species are classified in this family, divided among eight genera, including the ''Geastrum'', ''Myriostoma'' and '' Sphaerobolus''. The ''Sphaerobolus'' are known as "shotgun fungus" or "cannonball fungus". They colonize wood-based mulches and may throw black, sticky, spore-containing globs onto nearby surfaces. The fruiting bodies of several earthstars are hygroscopic: in dry weather the "petals" will dry and curl up around the soft spore sac, protecting it. In this state, often the whole fungus becomes detached from the ground and may roll around like a tumbleweed. Once mature, their exoperidium splits into a variable number of rays, which give Geastrum their visible star shape. The exoperidial rays are ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nidulariopsis
''Nidulariopsis'' is a genus of fungi in the family Geastraceae Geastrales is an order of gasterocarpic basidiomycetes (fungi) that are related to Cantharellales. The order contains the single family Geastraceae, commonly known as "earthstars", which older classifications had placed in Lycoperdales, or Pha .... External linksIndex Fungorum Geastraceae Agaricomycetes genera {{Geastrales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiigera
''Radiigera'' is a genus of fungi in the family Geastraceae Geastrales is an order of gasterocarpic basidiomycetes (fungi) that are related to Cantharellales. The order contains the single family Geastraceae, commonly known as "earthstars", which older classifications had placed in Lycoperdales, or Ph .... The genus contain four widely distributed species. References Geastraceae Agaricomycetes genera {{Geastrales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phialastrum
''Phialastrum'' is a genus of fungi in the family Geastraceae. A monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ... genus, it contains the single species ''Phialastrum barbatum'', described by Sunhede in 1989. External linksIndex Fungorum Geastraceae Monotypic Basidiomycota genera {{Geastrales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schenella
''Schenella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Geastraceae. The widely distributed genus contains four species. The genus was circumscribed by Thomas Huston Macbride in 1911. ''Pyrenogaster'', described in 1977, is a later synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all .... References Geastraceae Agaricomycetes genera {{Geastrales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Myriostoma
''Myriostoma'' is a fungal genus in the family Geastraceae. Basidiocarps resemble earthstars, but the spore sac is supported by multiple columns (instead of a single column) and has multiple ostioles instead of a single, apical ostiole. Until 2017, the genus was thought to be monotypic with a single, widespread species, '' Myriostoma coliforme''. Recent research has, however, shown that at least six species occur worldwide. Taxonomy and phylogeny Nicaise Auguste Desvaux first defined and published the genus ''Myriostoma'' in 1809, with the single species ''Myriostoma anglicum'' (an illegitimate renaming of James Dickson's original ''Lycoperdon coliforme''). In 1821 Samuel Frederick Gray described the superfluous genus ''Polystoma'' for it. ''Myriostoma'' was classified in the family Geastraceae until 1973, when British mycologist Donald Dring placed it in the Astraeaceae based on the presence of trabeculae (stout columns that extend from the peridium to the central core of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geastrum
''Geastrum'' (orthographical variant ''Geaster'') is a genus of puffball-like mushrooms in the family Geastraceae. Many species are known commonly as earthstars. The name, which comes from ''geo'' meaning ''earth'' and meaning ''star'', refers to the behavior of the outer peridium. At maturity, the outer layer of the fruiting body splits into segments which turn outward creating a star-like pattern on the ground. The inner peridium is called a spore sac. In some species, the outer peridium splits from a middle layer, causing the spore sac to arch off the ground. If the outer peridium opens when wet and closes when dry, it is described as hygroscopic. In some species, the inner peridium is borne on a stalk or pedicel. The columella is a column-like clump of sterile tissue found inside the inner peridium. The network of fertile tissue inside the inner peridium, the capillitium, arises from the columella And is where basidia and basidiospores are produced. The mouth in most species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geasteroides
''Geasteroides'' is a fungal genus in the family Geastraceae. A monotypic genus, it contains the single species ''Geasteroides texensis'', described by American mycologist William Henry Long in 1917. Taxonomy Long described both the new genus and species in a 1917 article in the journal ''Mycologia''. The type collection was made in Denton, Texas in October 1907. Long called it "a ''Calvatia'' among the geaster". In 1945, Long replaced the name with ''Terrostella'', suggesting that ''Geasteroides'' was illegitimate because it had been used by Giovanni Antonio Battarra in 1755. However, later changes in the nomenclatural rules meant that names of gasteroid species published before 1801 no longer had priority, rendering ''Terrostella'' illegitimate. Patricio Ponce de León transferred the Congolese species ''Geastrum barbatum'' (described by Dissing & M. Lange in 1962) to ''Geasteroides'' in 1968, but this has since been transferred to the genus '' Phialastrum''. Description '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sphaerobolus
Stages in the liberation of the peridiolum by ''Sphaerobolus stellatus'' ''Sphaerobolus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Geastraceae. Commonly known as the "shotgun fungus", "artillery fungus" or "cannonball fungus", species discharge their spores with explosive force. Discharged spore sacs are sticky and have a tendency to strongly adhere to whatever surface they encounter, making them a nuisance to homeowners, pressure washing contractors, landscape mulch producers and insurance companies. Taxonomy and classification The generic name is derived from the Greek words ''sphaer'', meaning "sphere", and ''obolus'', meaning "to throw". ''Sphaerobolus'' was first described by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli (as ''Carpobolus'') in 1729. Formerly, the genus was placed either in its own family, the Sphaerobolaceae, in the order Sclerodermatales, or, more commonly, in the order Nidulariales. Currently, the genus is placed in the family Geastraceae. Recent phylog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Puffballs
Puffballs are a type of fungus featuring a ball-shaped fruit body that bursts on impact, releasing a cloud of dust-like spores when mature. Puffballs belong to the division Basidiomycota and encompass several genera, including ''Calvatia'', ''Calbovista'' and ''Lycoperdon''. The puffballs were previously treated as a taxonomic group called the Gasteromycetes or Gasteromycetidae, but they are now known to be a polyphyletic assemblage. The distinguishing feature of all puffballs is that they do not have an open cap with spore-bearing lamella (mycology), gills. Instead, spores are produced internally, in a spheroidal fruit body called a ''gasterothecium'' (gasteroid 'stomach-like' basidiocarp). As the spores mature, they form a mass called a gleba in the centre of the fruitbody that is often of a distinctive color and texture. The basidiocarp remains closed until after the spores have been released from the basidia. Eventually, it develops an aperture, or dries, becomes brittle, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycoperdales
The Lycoperdales are a now outdated order of fungi. The order included some well-known types such as the giant puffball, the earthstars, and other tuberous fungi. They were defined as having epigeous basidiomes, a hymenium present, one to three layers in the peridium (outer wall), powdery gleba, and brown spores. The restructuring of fungal taxonomy brought about by molecular phylogeny has divided this order. Most of its members have been placed in family Agaricaceae of order Agaricales, while the earthstars are now in Geastrales, and similar species now occupy the order Phallales. Lycoperdales were distinguished by their globose or subglobose fruiting body having a gleba that is powdery at maturity, and generally supported by sterile tissue. Example genuses include Lycoperdon, Bovista, and Calvatia ''Calvatia'' is a genus of puffball mushrooms that includes the spectacular giant puffball ''C. gigantea''. It was formerly classified within the now-obsolete order Lycop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
