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Gaumais
Lorrain is a language (often referred to as patois) spoken by now a minority of people in Lorraine in France, small parts of Alsace and in Gaume in Belgium. It is a langue d'oïl. It is classified as a regional language of France and has the recognised status of a regional language of Wallonia, where it is known as Gaumais. It has been influenced by Lorraine Franconian and Luxembourgish, West Central German languages spoken in nearby or overlapping areas. Features Linguist Stephanie Russo noted the difference of a 'second' imperfect and pluperfect tense between Lorrain and Standard French. It is derived from Latin grammar that no longer is used in modern French. Variations The Linguasphere Observatory distinguishes seven variants : * Argonnais ( Argonne, Woëvre, eastern French Ardennes, Meuse, Meurthe-et-Moselle) * Longovician (Longwy, Longuyon, northern Meurthe-et-Moselle) * Gaumais (arrondissement of Virton, cantons of Montmédy and Stenay in Meuse and the canton of C ...
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Meix-devant-Virton
Meix-devant-Virton (, literally ''Meix before Virton''; Gaumais: ''Minch-duvant-Vèrtan''; wa, Méch-divant-Vierton) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium. On 1 January 2017 the municipality had 2,812 inhabitants. The total area is 54.2 km², giving a population density of 54 inhabitants per km². The municipality consists of the following districts: Gérouville, Meix-devant-Virton, Robelmont, Sommethonne, and Villers-la-Loue. Other population centers include: Belle Vue, Berchiwé, Houdrigny, La Soye and Limes. Geography It is located in the Gaume, near Orval Abbey, Avioth and Virton. railway line 165 Athus-Meuse and the Chevratte, an affluent of the Ton. The national road 88 is linking Florenville and Athus ( Aubange) and coming from Dampicourt in the south, it heads west toward Gérouville and the French border. Demography Colors= id:f value:rgb(0.7,0.8,0.9) id:m value:gray(0.7) id:s value:gray(0.9) id:b valu ...
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Gaume
Gaume () is a region in the extreme southeast of Belgium. At a lower altitude than the Ardennes, it borders the French region of Lorraine to the south (although some consider the bordering parts of Lorraine to be Gaume française), the Land of Arlon (Luxembourgish: Arelerland) to the east the Belgian part of the Ardennes to the north. In cultural terms, Gaume is the Romance-speaking part of what is now called Belgian Lorraine, Arelerland being its Luxembourgish-speaking part. Gaume was part of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg till 1839, when it was integrated in the newly-created Belgian province of Luxembourg. It is composed of the districts of Chiny, Étalle, Florenville, Habay, Meix-devant-Virton, Musson, Rouvroy, Tintigny and Virton, but some villages in the northern districts are not in Gaume (as Suxy or Hachy). Historically, the area around Montmédy, Carignan and Charency-Vezin, that was ceded to France by Spain in 1659, is also part of Gaume. Therefore, strictly sp ...
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Langues D'oïl
The ''langues d'oïl'' (; ) are a dialect continuum that includes standard French and its closest autochthonous relatives historically spoken in the northern half of France, southern Belgium, and the Channel Islands. These belong to the larger category of Gallo-Romance languages, which also include the historical languages of east-central France and western Switzerland, southern France, portions of northern Italy, and the Val d'Aran in Spain. Linguists divide the Romance languages of France, and especially of Medieval France, into two main geographical subgroups: the ''langues d'oïl'' to the North, and the ''langues d'oc'' in the Southern half of France. Both groups are named after the word for "yes" in them or their recent ancestral languages. The most common modern ''langue d'oïl'' is standard French, in which the ancestral "oïl" has become "oui". Terminology ''Langue d'oïl'' (in the singular), ''Oïl dialects'' and ''Oïl languages'' (in the plural) designate the ancie ...
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France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ...
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Forest Of Argonne
The Forest of Argonne () is a long strip of mountainous and wild woodland in northeastern France, approximately east of Paris. The forest measures roughly long and wide filled with many small hills and deep valleys formed by water run-off from the Aire and Aisne rivers rarely exceeding more than in elevation. Following the First World War, the landscape of the forest was forever changed as trench warfare lead to parts of the forest being riddled with deep man-made trenches along with craters from explosives. The forest is bordered by the Meuse River on the west and rolling farmland and creeks to the east. The forest is largely oak, chestnut, and pine trees, and ferns cover much of the forest floor. Common animal life consists of wild boar, red deer, roe deer, hares, rabbits, foxes, and wildcat. History In 1792, Charles François Dumouriez outmaneuvered the invading forces of the Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, Duke of Brunswick in the forest before the Battle ...
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Woëvre
The Woëvre () (German: ''Waberland'') is a natural region of Lorraine in northeastern France. It forms part of Lorraine plateau and lies largely in the department of Meuse. Along with the Côtes de Moselle, the Woëvre is one of the areas in Lorraine that receives the least rainfall; nonetheless, its river system is very important and feeds into the Lac de Madine. Location It lies on the right bank of the river Meuse, from the valley of the Chiers in the north to the town of Neufchâteau in the south. To the west, the region follows the Meuse, and to the east, it extends into the neighboring department of Meurthe-et-Moselle. The Lac de Madine lies in the Woëvre, like does the western part of the Parc naturel régional de Lorraine. Neighboring natural regions include the Côtes de Meuse on the left bank of the Meuse, the Barrois to the south and the Côtes de Moselle to the east. The part French, part Belgian Gaume region lies to the north. Features Since the Middle Ages ...
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Ardennes (department)
Ardennes () is a department in the region of northeastern France named after the broader Ardennes. Its prefecture is the town Charleville-Mézières. The department has 270,582 inhabitants.Populations légales 2019: 08 Ardennes
INSEE
The inhabitants of the department are known as or .


Geography


Political geography

The department of Ardennes is bounded by Aisne to the west, to the south,

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Meuse (department)
Meuse () is a department in northeast France, named after the River Meuse. Meuse is part of the current region of Grand Est and is landlocked and borders by the French departments of Ardennes, Marne, Haute-Marne, Vosges, Meurthe-et-Moselle, and Belgium to the north. Parts of Meuse belong to Parc naturel régional de Lorraine. It had a population of 184,083 in 2019.Populations légales 2019: 55 Meuse
INSEE
Front lines in during ran varying courses through the department and it hosted an important battle/offensive in 1916 in and aro ...
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Meurthe-et-Moselle
Meurthe-et-Moselle () is a department in the Grand Est region of France, named after the rivers Meurthe and Moselle. It had a population of 733,760 in 2019.Populations légales 2019: 54 Meurthe-et-Moselle
INSEE


History

Meurthe-et-Moselle was created in 1871 at the end of the Franco-Prussian War from the parts of the former departments of Moselle and Meurthe which remained French territory. The current boundary between Meurthe-et-Moselle and Moselle was ...
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Longuyon
Longuyon () is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France. The inhabitants are called ''Longuyonnais''. Geography Longuyon is located at the confluence of the Chiers and Crusnes rivers and southwest of the commune of Longwy. It is bordered on the north by the Belgian province of Luxembourg, and just south of the Belgian city of Grandcourt. History left, Saint Agatha's Church and cemetery The town is named after a "long ford" (from the Latin ''longa guada'') that allowed crossing of the Chiers in Roman times. It was known as Longagio (634), Longio (973), Longione (973), monasterri longagionis (10th century), Longion (1030), Longuion (1209), Longuio (1756). Several Gallo-Roman sites were excavated in 1934; they contained the remains of substructures and fragments of painted plaster. A necropolis of the later Roman Empire was excavated in 1843 in Magé. The first mention of Longuyon (as Longagio) dates from 634. At that time ...
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Longwy
Longwy (; older german: Langich, ; lb, label=Luxemburgish, Lonkech) is a commune in the French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, Lorraine, administrative region of Grand Est, northeastern France. The inhabitants are known as ''Longoviciens''. In 2008, the ''ville neuve'' ("New Town") was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, as part of the "Fortifications of Vauban" group for its contributions to the development of military architecture and engineering. Economy Longwy has historically been an industrial center of the Lorraine iron mining district. Factories lined the river in historic postcards. The town is also known for its artistic faience, produced there since 1798. It is produced today by the Société des faïenceries de Longwy et Senelle, often in cooperation with artists and ceramists. Overglaze enamel decoration, known as ''émaux'' and often in a manner similar to cloisonné, has been produced in Longwy ceramics since 1872. Initially produced under the direction o ...
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Pluperfect
The pluperfect (shortening of plusquamperfect), usually called past perfect in English, is a type of verb form, generally treated as a grammatical tense in certain languages, relating to an action that occurred prior to an aforementioned time in the past. Examples in English are: "we ''had'' arrived"; "they ''had'' written". The word derives from the Latin ''plus quam perfectum'', "more than perfect". The word "perfect" in this sense means "completed"; it contrasts with the "imperfect", which denotes uncompleted actions or states. In English grammar, the pluperfect (e.g. "had written") is now usually called the past perfect, since it combines past tense with perfect aspect. (The same term is sometimes used in relation to the grammar of other languages.) English also has a ''past perfect progressive'' (or ''past perfect continuous'') form: "had been writing". Meaning of the pluperfect The pluperfect is traditionally described as a tense; in modern linguistic terminology it may ...
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