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Galperin Configuration
Galperin configuration are a particular configuration of sensing elements found in a class of seismic instruments measuring ground motion and are named after Soviet seisomologist Evsey Iosifovich Galperin, who introduced it in 1955 for petroleum exploration. Description Common triaxial seismometers provide signal outputs in three orthogonal axes oriented towards east–west (E), north–south (N) and up-down (Z), i.e. in the Cartesian coordinate system A Cartesian coordinate system (, ) in a plane is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, measured in t .... In contrast, the Galperin configuration consists of three orthogonal axes (U, V, W) that are oriented at precisely the same angle with respect to the horizontal plane (α=35.26°). The projection of all three axes onto the horizontal plane are all separated by 120°, which results i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ground Motion
Ground motion is the movement of the earth's surface from earthquakes or explosions. Ground motion is produced by seismic waves that are generated by sudden slip on a fault or sudden pressure at the explosive source and travel through the earth and along its surface. This can be due to natural events, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, or human activities, such as the detonation of nuclear weapons. There are two main types of seismic waves: body waves and surface waves. Body waves travel through the interior of the earth, while surface waves travel along the earth's surface. Ground motion is typically caused by surface waves, which are the most destructive type of seismic waves. Ground motion is measured using a seismometer, a device that detects and records the movement of the earth's surface. Seismometers are used by seismologists to study earthquakes and other types of ground motion. The recordings produced by a seismometer are known as seismograms, and they can be use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evsey Iosifovich Galperin
Evsey Iosifovich Galperin (31 October 1920 in Uman (Ukraine, former USSR) – 20 October 1990 in Moscow) was a Soviet seismologist and professor at the Institute of Earth Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He was inventor of the symmetric triaxial seismometer design, today known as the ''Galperin configuration''. Life and scientific career Evsey Galperin was born on 31 October 1920 in Uman (Ukraine, former USSR) as one of eight children in a Jewish family as the son of Anna Markovna and Joseph Iosifovich. The family moved to Moscow in 1934, where he studied at the Moscow Geological Exploration Institute from 1938 to 1949, specializing in geophysics. In 1941, Galperin joined the Red Army in World War II and fought with the Orenburg cossack cavalry regiment at the south western and Bryansk front. From 1942 to 1944, he was a cadet at the Leningrad topographic school. He was sent to the 2nd Ukrainian front with the rank of a junior lieutenant for photo-reconnaissance of the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galperin Configuration
Galperin configuration are a particular configuration of sensing elements found in a class of seismic instruments measuring ground motion and are named after Soviet seisomologist Evsey Iosifovich Galperin, who introduced it in 1955 for petroleum exploration. Description Common triaxial seismometers provide signal outputs in three orthogonal axes oriented towards east–west (E), north–south (N) and up-down (Z), i.e. in the Cartesian coordinate system A Cartesian coordinate system (, ) in a plane is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, measured in t .... In contrast, the Galperin configuration consists of three orthogonal axes (U, V, W) that are oriented at precisely the same angle with respect to the horizontal plane (α=35.26°). The projection of all three axes onto the horizontal plane are all separated by 120°, which results i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seismometer
A seismometer is an instrument that responds to ground noises and shaking such as caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and explosions. They are usually combined with a timing device and a recording device to form a seismograph. The output of such a device—formerly recorded on paper (see picture) or film, now recorded and processed digitally—is a seismogram. Such data is used to locate and characterize earthquakes, and to study the Earth's internal structure. Basic principles A simple seismometer, sensitive to up-down motions of the Earth, is like a weight hanging from a spring, both suspended from a frame that moves along with any motion detected. The relative motion between the weight (called the mass) and the frame provides a measurement of the vertical ground motion. A rotating drum is attached to the frame and a pen is attached to the weight, thus recording any ground motion in a seismogram. Any movement from the ground moves the frame. The mass tends not to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartesian Coordinate System
A Cartesian coordinate system (, ) in a plane is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely by a pair of numerical coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, measured in the same unit of length. Each reference coordinate line is called a ''coordinate axis'' or just ''axis'' (plural ''axes'') of the system, and the point where they meet is its ''origin'', at ordered pair . The coordinates can also be defined as the positions of the perpendicular projections of the point onto the two axes, expressed as signed distances from the origin. One can use the same principle to specify the position of any point in three-dimensional space by three Cartesian coordinates, its signed distances to three mutually perpendicular planes (or, equivalently, by its perpendicular projection onto three mutually perpendicular lines). In general, ''n'' Cartesian coordinates (an element of real ''n''-space) specify the point in an ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocean-bottom Seismometer
An ocean-bottom seismometer (OBS) is a seismometer that is designed to record the earth motion under oceans and lakes from man-made sources and natural sources. Sensors at the sea floor are used to observe acoustic and seismic events. Seismic and acoustic signals may be caused by different sources, by earthquakes and tremors as well as by artificial sources. Computing and analyzing the data yields information about the kind of source and, in case of natural seismic events, the geophysics and geology of the sea floor and the deeper crust. The deployment of OBS along a profile will give information about the deep structure of the Earth's crust and upper mantle in offshore areas. OBS may be equipped with a maximum of a three-component geophone in addition to a hydrophone, and thus it needs a capacity of more than 144 Mbytes, which would be the minimum for an adequate MCS profiling. In a typical survey, the instruments should be operational for several days (deployments can exceed 12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seismology Instruments
Seismology (; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (''seismós'') meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (''-logía'') meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies. It also includes studies of earthquake environmental effects such as tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, glacial, fluvial, oceanic, atmospheric, and artificial processes such as explosions. A related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes is paleoseismology. A recording of Earth motion as a function of time is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who does research in seismology. History Scholarly interest in earthquakes can be traced back to antiquity. Early speculations on the natural causes of earthquakes were included in the writings of Thales of Miletus (c. 585 BCE), Anaximenes of Miletus (c. 550 BCE), Aristotle (c. 340 BCE), and Zh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seismology Measurement
Seismology (; from Ancient Greek σεισμός (''seismós'') meaning "earthquake" and -λογία (''-logía'') meaning "study of") is the scientific study of earthquakes and the propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or through other planet-like bodies. It also includes studies of earthquake environmental effects such as tsunamis as well as diverse seismic sources such as volcanic, tectonic, glacial, fluvial, oceanic, atmospheric, and artificial processes such as explosions. A related field that uses geology to infer information regarding past earthquakes is paleoseismology. A recording of Earth motion as a function of time is called a seismogram. A seismologist is a scientist who does research in seismology. History Scholarly interest in earthquakes can be traced back to antiquity. Early speculations on the natural causes of earthquakes were included in the writings of Thales of Miletus (c. 585 BCE), Anaximenes of Miletus (c. 550 BCE), Aristotle (c. 340 BCE), and Zhan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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