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Gaius Popillius Laenas
Gaius Popillius Laenas ( 172–158 BC) twice served as one of the two consuls of the Roman Republic, in 172 and 158 BC. He was sent as an envoy to prevent a war between Antiochus IV Epiphanes of the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt. On being confronted with the Roman demands that he abort his attack on Alexandria, Antiochus played for time; Popillius Laenas is supposed to have drawn a circle around the king in the sand with his cane, and ordered him not to move out of it until a firm answer had been given. The Syrians withdrew. According to Livy: After receiving the submission of the inhabitants of Memphis and of the rest of the Egyptian people, some submitting voluntarily, others under threats, ntiochusmarched by easy stages towards Alexandria. After crossing the river at Eleusis, about four miles from Alexandria, he was met by the Roman commissioners, to whom he gave a friendly greeting and held out his hand to Popilius. Popilius, however, placed in his hand the tablets o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Consul
A consul held the highest elected political office of the Roman Republic ( to 27 BC), and ancient Romans considered the consulship the second-highest level of the ''cursus honorum'' (an ascending sequence of public offices to which politicians aspired) after that of the censor. Each year, the Centuriate Assembly elected two consuls to serve jointly for a one-year term. The consuls alternated in holding '' fasces'' – taking turns leading – each month when both were in Rome and a consul's ''imperium'' extended over Rome and all its provinces. There were two consuls in order to create a check on the power of any individual citizen in accordance with the republican belief that the powers of the former kings of Rome should be spread out into multiple offices. To that end, each consul could veto the actions of the other consul. After the establishment of the Empire (27 BC), the consuls became mere symbolic representatives of Rome's republican heritage and held very little ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Histories (Polybius)
Polybius’ ''Histories'' ( grc-gre, Ἱστορίαι ''Historíai'') were originally written in 40 volumes, only the first five of which are extant in their entirety. The bulk of the work was passed down through collections of excerpts kept in libraries in the Byzantine Empire. Polybius, a historian from the Greek city of Megalopolis in Arcadia, was taken as a hostage to Rome after the Roman victory in the Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC), and there he began to write an account of the rise of Rome to a great power. Content Polybius' ''Histories'' begin in the year 264 BC and end in 146 BC (Polybius was born around 200 BC and died around 117 BC). He is primarily concerned with the 53 years in which Ancient Rome became a dominant world power. This period, from 220–167 BC, saw Rome subjugate Carthage and gain control over Hellenistic Greece. Books I through V cover the affairs of important states at the time (Ptolemaic Egypt, Hellenistic Greece, Macedon) and deal extensiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Aurelius Orestes (consul 157 BC)
Lucius Aurelius Orestes (Latin, ''Lucius Aurelius L. f. L. n. Orestes'') was a magistrate and consul in the service of the Roman Republic. He was consul in the year 157 BC together with Sextus Julius Caesar. He was further mentioned in the Roman Fasti and by Gaius Plinius Secundus Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/2479), called Pliny the Elder (), was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic '' ... in his work ''Historia Naturalis''.H. N. xxxiii. 3. s. 17 References Orestes, Lucius 2nd-century BC Roman consuls 2nd-century BC diplomats {{AncientRome-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sextus Julius Caesar (consul 157 BC)
Sextus Julius Caesar was a Roman statesman, and the first member of the Julii Caesares to hold the consulship, which he attained in 157 BC.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. I, pp. 536, 537.Broughton, vol. I. pp. 446, 447. Family From his filiation, we know that Sextus' father was also named ''Sextus'', and that his grandfather was named ''Lucius''. In his reconstruction of the family, classical scholar Wilhelm Drumann assumed that he was the son of Sextus Julius Caesar, one of the military tribunes of 181 BC, and the grandson of an otherwise unknown Lucius Julius Caesar, who would have been the son of Sextus, praetor in 208 BC.Drumann, p. 113. However, more recent scholarship has concluded that the military tribune and the consul were the same person, and that his father was the praetor of 208. Sextus had at least one brother, Lucius, who was praetor in 183 BC, and probably a second, Gaius, who was a senator and the great-grandfather of Gaius Julius C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 158 BC)
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus was a Roman consul for the year 158 BC, together with Gaius Popillius Laenas. He was a praetor in 161 or earlier, and was possibly the presiding praetor when the Senate was holding discussions on the dispute between Magnesia and Priene. He is mentioned in a context that suggests he was one of the ''Decemviri sacris faciundis'', a priestly college ''(collegium)'' who oversaw the Sibylline Books The ''Sibylline Books'' ( la, Libri Sibyllini) were a collection of oracular utterances, set out in Greek hexameters, that, according to tradition, were purchased from a sibyl by the last king of Rome, Tarquinius Superbus, and were consulted at mo ... in 143.Broughton, ''MRR1'', p. 473. References Roman Republican praetors 2nd-century BC Roman consuls Aemilii Lepidi {{AncientRome-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Fulvius Nobilior (consul 159 BC)
Marcus Fulvius Nobilior was a Roman politician. He is not to be confused with his father, who was also called Marcus Fulvius Nobilior and who also served as consul. He was tribune of the plebs 171 BC,Livy, "Ab Urbe Condita", book xlii. 32 curule aedile 166 BC, the year in which the ''Andria'' of Terence was performed, and consul 159 BC. Of the events of his consulship we have no records, but as the ''Fasti Triumphales'' assign him a triumph in the following year over the Eleates, a Ligurian people, he must have carried on war in Liguria Liguria (; lij, Ligûria ; french: Ligurie) is a Regions of Italy, region of north-western Italy; its Capital city, capital is Genoa. Its territory is crossed by the Alps and the Apennine Mountains, Apennines Mountain chain, mountain range and is .... References 2nd-century BC Roman consuls Nobilior, Marcus {{AncientRome-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella (consul 159 BC)
Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella was a consul of the Roman Republic in 81 BC, with Marcus Tullius Decula, during the dictatorship of Sulla. Biography Possibly a military tribune in 89 BC, Dolabella soon was attached to the staff of Sulla as a legate, holding command of one of Sulla's fleets in 83 BC. In 82 BC, Dolabella saw action during Sulla's civil war, participating at the Battle of Sacriporto (Sacriportus) and the Battle of the Colline Gate. As a loyal lieutenant, Sulla made him consul in 81 BC, but the consuls of that year were only nominal, as Sulla had all the power in his hands. In 80 BC, Dolabella was made proconsul of Macedonia, a position which he held until 78 BC. In 77 BC Dolabella was granted a triumph for victories he had achieved while governor over the Thracians, but shortly afterwards he was accused of extortion in Macedonia during his time as governor by the young Julius Caesar and brought to trial. Prosecuted by Caesar, Dolabella was defended by Gaius Aurelius ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Cassius Longinus (consul 171 BC)
Gaius Cassius Longinus was a Roman consul in the year 171 BCE, together with Publius Licinius Crassus. He was probably praetor urbanus in 174 BC. Cassius Longinus was not given a command position as he had hoped during the Third Macedonian War, and instead was sent to the northern border of Italy in the province of Illyria to man a defense against attacks from Macedon. Ignoring his orders, he decided to gather his army at Aquileia with thirty days worth of supplies and moved south into Macedonia. The Roman senate learned of his actions and recalled him back to Rome. While Cassius Longinus was on his way back to Rome, he drove his army over the Alps, mercilessly pillaging Scordisci and other Celtic villages, carrying off thousands of people to be used as slaves. The people were so outraged that they took their case directly to the senate. The senate found that their evidence was indeed valid, and delivered to them various gifts as reparations. After Cassius Longinus's return to Rom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publius Licinius Crassus (consul 171 BC)
Publius Licinius Crassus ( fl. 176 to 171 BC) was Roman consul for year 171 BC, together with Gaius Cassius Longinus. He was the son of Gaius Licinius Varus, possibly related to the Gaius Licinius Varus who was consul in 236 BC and who was still alive in 219 BC. Crassus's brother (probably his younger brother) was Gaius Licinius Crassus (consul 168 BC), and his nephew was Gaius Licinius Crassus, tribune of the plebs about 145 BC. However, his relationship to the consuls Licinius Varus and the Pontifex Maximus Publius Licinius Crassus are not known. He was elected as praetor for 176 BC and assigned to the province of Hither Spain, but he got himself excused from this duty by swearing an oath that his religious duties did not allow him to go.Livy, 42.32 Licinius adopted as his son and his heir, his sister Licinia's second son, Publius Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus. This son was born a Mucius Scaevola, son of another consul, Publius Mucius Scaevola, who attained the consulship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publius Aelius Ligus
Publius Aelius Ligus was a consul of the Roman Republic in 172 BC, serving with fellow consul Gaius Popillius Laenas. Aelius Ligus probably was praetor in 175 BC. The first plebeian college of consuls was in 172, which included Ligus. Both consuls were sent to Liguria.Livy Titus Livius (; 59 BC – AD 17), known in English as Livy ( ), was a Roman historian. He wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people, titled , covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome before the traditional founding in ... '' Ab urbe condita'' XVII 10,10-12 References Roman Republican praetors 2nd-century BC Roman consuls Ligus, Publius {{AncientRome-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Roman Consuls
This is a list of consuls known to have held office, from the beginning of the Roman Republic to the latest use of the title in Imperial times, together with those magistrates of the Republic who were appointed in place of consuls, or who superseded consular authority for a limited period. Background Republican consuls From the establishment of the Republic to the time of Augustus, the consuls were the chief magistrates of the Roman state, and normally there were two of them, so that the executive power of the state was not vested in a single individual, as it had been under the kings. As other ancient societies dated historical events according to the reigns of their kings, it became customary at Rome to date events by the names of the consuls in office when the events occurred, rather than (for instance) by counting the number of years since the foundation of the city, although that method could also be used. If a consul died during his year of office, another was elected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
