Gainsford End Mill, Toppesfield
Gainsford End Mill is a grade II listed tower mill at Gainsford End, near Toppesfield, Essex, England, which has been converted to a residence. History Gainsford End Mill was built in 1869 at a cost of £2000. It replaced a post mill which had stood on the site since the late eighteenth century. The mill was working until and afterwards became derelict. The windshaft was installed in Duck End Mill, Finchingfield, when that mill was restored in 1958, although it was removed when a new wooden windshaft was fitted to that mill in 1986. It was converted to residential use in 2007. Description Gainsford End Mill is a five-storey brick tower mill with a domed cap winded by an eight-bladed Fantail. When built it had four Patent sails carried on a cast-iron windshaft. The brake wheel drove a cast-iron wallower carried on a cast-iron upright shaft. The great spur wheel drove three pairs of millstones. The tower is diameter at the base with walls thick The tower is high, and t ...
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Gainsford End Windmill (listed Building) (geograph 3481088)
Gainsford is a surname. The usual medieval spelling was Gaynesford. Notable people with the surname include: *Anne Gainsford (died c. 1590), lady-in-waiting to Anne Boleyn *Ian Gainsford (born 1930), British academic * John Gainsford (1938–2015), South African rugby union player *Melinda Gainsford-Taylor (born 1971), Australian athlete * Nicholas Gaynesford (c. 1427–1498), British politician *Thomas Gainsford (died 1624), British author and editor Other uses * Gainsford End, a hamlet in Toppesfield, England * Gainsford, Queensland Gainsford is a rural locality in the Central Highlands Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , Gainsford had a population of 14 people. Geography The '' Dawson River'' forms the western boundary, while the ''Don River'' forms part of the southe ...

Post Mill
The post mill is the earliest type of European windmill. Its defining feature is that the whole body of the mill that houses the machinery is mounted on a single vertical post, around which it can be turned to bring the sails into the wind. All post mills have an arm projecting from them on the side opposite the sails and reaching down to near ground level. With some, as at Saxtead Green, the arm carries a fantail to turn the mill automatically. With the others the arm serves to rotate the mill into the wind by hand. The earliest post mills in England are thought to have been built in the 12th century. The earliest working post mill in England still used today is to be found at Outwood, Surrey. It was built in 1665. The earliest remaining example of a non-operational mill can be found in Great Gransden in Cambridgeshire, built in 1612.Windmills in Huntingdon and Peterborough. p. 3. Their design and usage peaked in the 18th and 19th centuries and then declined after the introdu ...
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Buildings And Structures In Braintree District
A building, or edifice, is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory (although there's also portable buildings). Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the term ''building'' compare the list of nonbuilding structures. Buildings serve several societal needs – primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical division of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) and the ''outside'' (a place that at times may be harsh and harmful). Ever since the first cave paintings, buildings have also become objects or canvasses of much artisti ...
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Windmills Completed In 1869
A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called sails or blades, specifically to mill grain (gristmills), but the term is also extended to windpumps, wind turbines, and other applications, in some parts of the English speaking world. The term wind engine is sometimes used to describe such devices. Windmills were used throughout the high medieval and early modern periods; the horizontal or panemone windmill first appeared in Persia during the 9th century, and the vertical windmill first appeared in northwestern Europe in the 12th century. Regarded as an icon of Dutch culture, there are approximately 1,000 windmills in the Netherlands today. Forerunners Wind-powered machines may have been known earlier, but there is no clear evidence of windmills before the 9th century. Hero of Alexandria (Heron) in first-century Roman Egypt described what appears to be a wind-driven wheel to power a machine.Dietrich Lohrmann, "Von der östli ...
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