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Gymnocarpium Robertianum
''Gymnocarpium robertianum'', the limestone fern or scented oakfern, is a fern of the family Cystopteridaceae. Description ''Gymnocarpium robertianum'' has small (10–50 cm), deltate, two- to three-pinnate fronds. Fronds arise from creeping rhizomes and have long, delicate rachis. The sori are borne in round clumps on the underside of the blade and lack an indusium. This species differs from the closely related ''G. dryopteris'' in having a densely glandular rachis as well as a more sparsely glandular underside to the blade. ''Gymnocarpium robertianum'' is thought to hybridise with ''G. appalachianum'' giving rise to ''Gymnocarpium'' × ''heterosporum'' W. H. Wagner. This hybrid was only known from Pennsylvania where it has now been eradicated. The hybrid between ''G. robertianum'' and ''G. dryopteris'' is called ''Gymnocarpium'' × ''achriosporum'' Sarvela. This taxon is known from Sweden and Quebec. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georg Franz Hoffmann
Georg Franz Hoffmann was a German botanist and lichenologist. He was born on 13 January 1760 in Marktbreit, Germany, and died on 17 March 1826 in Moscow, Russia. Professional career After graduating from the University of Erlangen in 1786, he worked there between 1787 and 1792 as a professor of botany. Between 1792 and 1803 he was Head of the Botany Department and Director of the Botanical Garden of Göttingen University. Already a famous botanist, in particular for his work on lichens, he settled in Moscow in January 1804 and directed the Department of Botany at University of Moscow, as well as the Botanical garden. Works *''Descriptio et adumbratio plantarum e classe cryptogámica Linnaei qua lichenes dicuntur...'' (1789-1801) *''Vegetabilia cryptogama''. (1790, Erlangen) *''Nomenclator Fungorum''. (1789-1790, two volumes, Berlin) *''Historia salicum, iconibus illustrata''. (1785-1787, Leipzig) *''Deutschlands Flora, oder, Botanisches Taschenbuch (1791, 1795, 1800, and 1804, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnocarpium Dryopteris
''Gymnocarpium dryopteris'', the western oakfern, common oak fern , oak fern, or northern oak fern, is a deciduous fern of the family Cystopteridaceae. It is widespread across much of North America and Eurasia. It has been found in Canada, the United States, Greenland, China, Japan, Korea, Russia, and most of Europe. Description ''Gymnocarpium dryopteris'' has small, delicate fronds up to 40 cm (16 inches) long, with ternately-compound pinnae (leaves). Fronds occur singly. On the underside of matured pinnae the naked sori can be found (the Latin generic name ''gymnocarpium'' means "with naked fruit"). The species grows in coniferous woodlands and on shale talus slopes. ''Gymnocarpium dryopteris'', a forest understory plant, is not found in association with ''Quercus'' (oak). In cultivation in the UK this plant and the cultivar "Plumosum" have gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit. References External links dryopteris :''The moth g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferns Of The United States
A fern (Polypodiopsida or Polypodiophyta ) is a member of a group of vascular plants (plants with xylem and phloem) that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. The polypodiophytes include all living pteridophytes except the lycopods, and differ from mosses and other bryophytes by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients and in having life cycles in which the branched sporophyte is the dominant phase. Ferns have complex leaves called megaphylls, that are more complex than the microphylls of clubmosses. Most ferns are leptosporangiate ferns. They produce coiled fiddleheads that uncoil and expand into fronds. The group includes about 10,560 known extant species. Ferns are defined here in the broad sense, being all of the Polypodiopsida, comprising both the leptosporangiate (Polypodiidae) and eusporangiate ferns, the latter group including horsetails, whisk ferns, marattioid ferns, and ophioglossoid ferns. Ferns ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gymnocarpium
''Gymnocarpium'' is a small genus of ferns, called oak ferns. It was once placed with various other groups, including the dryopteroid ferns and the athyrioid ferns. Cladistic analysis has demonstrated that ''Gymnocarpium'' and ''Cystopteris'' form a natural but relatively primitive clade that is basal to the asplenioid, thelypterioid, and athyrioid ferns comprehensively. ''Gymnocarpium'' sori are small, round and naked. These ferns generally have a slender, creeping rhizome under the surface of the ground, and fairly thin-textured fronds. ''Gymnocarpium'' species *''Gymnocarpium appalachianum'' – Appalachian oak fern *''Gymnocarpium brittonianum'' *''Gymnocarpium dryopteris'' – (northern) oak fern *''Gymnocarpium fedtschenkoanum'' *''Gymnocarpium disjunctum'' *''Gymnocarpium jessoense'' – western or Nahanni oak fern *''Gymnocarpium oyamense'' *''Gymnocarpium remotepinnatum'' *''Gymnocarpium robertianum ''Gymnocarpium robertianum'', the limestone fern or scented oa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thuja Occidentalis
''Thuja occidentalis'', also known as northern white-cedar, eastern white-cedar, or arborvitae, is an evergreen coniferous tree, in the cypress family Cupressaceae, which is native to eastern Canada and much of the north-central and northeastern United States. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. Common names Its additional common names include swamp cedar, American arborvitae, and eastern arborvitae. The name arborvitae is particularly used in the horticultural trade in the United States; it is Latin for 'tree of life' – due to the supposed medicinal properties of the sap, bark, and twigs.''Thuja'', American Cancer Society, last revised 6/19/2007available online/ref> It is sometimes called white-cedar (hyphenated) or whitecedar (one word) to distinguish it from ''Cedrus'', a distantly related genus of trees also known as cedars. Description Unlike the closely related western red cedar (''Thuja plicata''), northern white cedar is only a small or medium-sized tree ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limestone Pavement
A limestone pavement is a natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone that resembles an artificial pavement. The term is mainly used in the UK and Ireland, where many of these landforms have developed distinctive surface patterning resembling paving blocks. Similar landforms in other parts of the world are known as alvars. Formation of a limestone pavement Conditions for limestone pavements are created when an advancing glacier scrapes away overburden and exposes horizontally bedded limestone, with subsequent glacial retreat leaving behind a flat, bare surface. Limestone is slightly soluble in water and especially in acid rain, so corrosive drainage along joints and cracks in the limestone can produce slabs called ''clints'' isolated by deep fissures called ''grikes'' or ''grykes'' (terms derived from a northern English dialect). If the grykes are fairly straight and the clints are uniform in size, the resemblance to man-made paving stone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gryke
A limestone pavement is a natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone that resembles an artificial Sidewalk, pavement. The term is mainly used in the UK and Ireland, where many of these landforms have developed distinctive surface patterning resembling paving blocks. Similar landforms in other parts of the world are known as alvars. Formation of a limestone pavement Conditions for limestone pavements are created when an advancing glacier scrapes away overburden and exposes horizontally Bedding (geology), bedded limestone, with subsequent glacial retreat leaving behind a flat, bare surface. Limestone is slightly soluble in water and especially in acid rain, so corrosive drainage along joints and cracks in the limestone can produce slabs called ''clints'' isolated by deep fissures called ''grikes'' or ''grykes'' (terms derived from a English language in northern England, northern English dialect). If the grykes are fairly straight and the clin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British Isles
The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles, and over six thousand smaller islands."British Isles", ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. They have a total area of and a combined population of almost 72 million, and include two sovereign states, the Republic of Ireland (which covers roughly five-sixths of Ireland), and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Channel Islands, off the north coast of France, are normally taken to be part of the British Isles, even though they do not form part of the archipelago. The oldest rocks are 2.7 billion years old and are found in Ireland, Wales and the northwest of Scotland. During the Silurian period, the north-western regions collided with the south-east, which had been part of a separate continental landmass. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkaline
In chemistry, an alkali (; from ar, القلوي, al-qaly, lit=ashes of the saltwort) is a base (chemistry), basic, ionic compound, ionic salt (chemistry), salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water. A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0. The adjective alkaline, and less often, alkalescent, is commonly used in English language, English as a synonym for basic, especially for bases soluble in water. This broad use of the term is likely to have come about because alkalis were the first bases known to obey the acid-base reaction theories#Arrhenius theory, Arrhenius definition of a base, and they are still among the most common bases. Etymology The word "alkali" is derived from Arabic ''al qalīy'' (or ''alkali''), meaning ''the calcined ashes'' (see calcination), referring to the original source of alkaline substances. A water-extract of burned plant ashes, called potash and composed mostly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calcicole
A calcicole, calciphyte or calciphile is a plant that thrives in lime rich soil. The word is derived from the Latin 'to dwell on chalk'. Under acidic conditions, aluminium becomes more soluble and phosphate less. As a consequence, calcicoles grown on acidic soils often develop the symptoms of aluminium toxicity, i.e. necrosis, and phosphate deficiency, i.e. anthocyanosis (reddening of the leaves) and stunting. A plant that thrives in acid soils is known as a calcifuge. A plant thriving on sand (which may be acidic or calcic) is termed psammophilic or arenaceous (see also arenite). Examples of calcicole plants * Ash trees (''Fraxinus'' spp.) * Honeysuckle (''Lonicera'') * ''Buddleja'' * Lilac (''Syringa'') * Beet * ''Clematis'' * ''Sanguisorba minor'' * Some European orchids * Some succulent plants genera ''Sansevieria'' and ''Titanopsis'' or cacti genus ''Thelocactus ''Thelocactus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae. Members of the genus are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasus Mountains
The Caucasus Mountains, : pronounced * hy, Կովկասյան լեռներ, : pronounced * az, Qafqaz dağları, pronounced * rus, Кавка́зские го́ры, Kavkázskiye góry, kɐfˈkasːkʲɪje ˈɡorɨ * tr, Kafkas Dağları, * fa, كوه هاى قفقاز are a mountain range at the intersection of Asia and Europe. Stretching between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, they are surrounded by the Caucasus region and are home to Mount Elbrus, the list of elevation extremes by region, highest peak in Europe at above sea level. The Caucasus Mountains include the Greater Caucasus in the north and Lesser Caucasus in the south. The Greater Caucasus runs west-northwest to east-southeast, from the Western Caucasus, Caucasian Natural Reserve in the vicinity of Sochi, Russia on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea to Baku, Azerbaijan on the Caspian Sea. The Lesser Caucasus runs parallel to the Greater about south. The Greater and Lesser Caucasus ranges are co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warren H
A warren is a network of wild rodent or lagomorph, typically rabbit burrows. Domestic warrens are artificial, enclosed establishment of animal husbandry dedicated to the raising of rabbits for meat and fur. The term evolved from the medieval Anglo-Norman concept of free warren, which had been, essentially, the equivalent of a hunting license for a given woodland. Architecture of the domestic warren The cunicularia of the monasteries may have more closely resembled hutches or pens, than the open enclosures with specialized structures which the domestic warren eventually became. Such an enclosure or ''close'' was called a ''cony-garth'', or sometimes ''conegar'', ''coneygree'' or "bury" (from "burrow"). Moat and pale To keep the rabbits from escaping, domestic warrens were usually provided with a fairly substantive moat, or ditch filled with water. Rabbits generally do not swim and avoid water. A ''pale'', or fence, was provided to exclude predators. Pillow mounds The most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
