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Gvantsa
Gvantsa ( ka, გვანცა, or, archaically, Guantsa, გუანცა; also transliterated as Gwantza, Gontza, Gontsa, or Gonc'a) (died c. 1263) was a Queen Consort of Georgia as the third wife of King David VII “Ulu” ( r.: 1245-1270). She was the daughter of Kakhaber IV Kakhaberidze, Duke of Racha and Takveri, who married Gvantsa off to Prince Avag Mkhargrdzeli, Lord High Tutor and Lord High Constable of Georgia with whom she begot a daughter Khvashak. After Avag’s death in 1250, Gvantsa remarried the Georgian king David VII in 1252 and gave birth to a son, the future king Demetrius II of Georgia, in 1259. In the meantime, Khvashak was reared by the king’s trustee Sumbat Orbeli or Sadun of Mankaberdi (here the medieval sources diverge) and later given in marriage to Shams al-Din Juvayni, an influential minister at the Mongol Il-Khan’s court. Unlike David VII's first wife, the late Jigda-Khatun, Gvantsa was on extremely bad terms with the influential ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David VII Of Georgia
David VII, also known as David Ulu ( ka, დავით VII ულუ) (1215–1270), from the Bagrationi dynasty, was king of Georgia from 1247 to 1270, jointly with his namesake cousin, David VI, from 1247 to 1259, when David VI, revolting from the Mongol hegemony, seceded in the western moiety of the kingdom, while David VII was relegated to the rule of eastern Georgia. During his reign, Georgia went into further decline under the Mongol overlordship. Early life and diarchy David was a son of King Giorgi IV Lasha by a non-noble woman. Fearing that he would pretend to the throne, his aunt, Queen Rusudan held him prisoner at the court of her son-in-law, the sultan Kaykhusraw II for nearly seven years, and sent her son David to the Mongol court to get his official recognition as heir apparent. Following Kaykhusraw's defeat by the Mongols, David, son of Giorgi, was set free in 1242. In 1246, he was selected as king by the Georgian nobles who believed that his cousin David V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avag Mkhargrdzeli
Avag Mkhargrdzeli (died 1250 AD) was a Georgian noble of Armenian descent, he was ''atabeg'' and ''amirspasalar'' of Georgia during the 13th century. The eastern areas Bjni, Gegharkunik, Vayots-dzor, Artsakh, Siunik, Nakhichevan, Dvin and Yerevan were under the jurisdiction of the atabeg Ivane Mkhargrdzeli and his son Avag. First Dvin and later Bjni were centres of this division. The subjects of Ivane’s family were the Orbelians, Khaghbakian, Dopians, Hasan-Jalalyan and others. His sister, Tamta, through forced marriages to members of the Saladin and Khwarazmian dynasties, and capture by the Mongol empire, served as governor, regent, or ruler of Akhlat at points throughout the early 13th century. Biography During Mongol invasion of Georgia Queen Rusudan had to evacuate Tbilisi for Kutaisi, leaving eastern Georgia in the hands of atabeg Avag Mkhargrdzeli and Kakhetian lord, Egarslan Bakurtsikheli, who made peace with the Mongols and agreed to pay them tribute. Avag M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demetrius II Of Georgia
Demetrius II the Self-Sacrificer or the Devoted ( ka, დემეტრე II თავდადებული) (1259–12 March 1289) of the Bagrationi dynasty, was king of Georgia in 1270–1289. Life Son of King David VII and his wife Gvantsa, Demetrius was only 2 years old when his mother was killed by the Mongols in 1261. He succeeded on his father's death in 1270, when he was 11 years old. He ruled under the regency of Sadun Mankaberdeli for some time. In 1277–1281, he took part in Abaqa Khan's campaigns against Egypt and in particularly distinguished himself at the Second Battle of Homs, (29 October 1281). Although he continued to be titled "king of Georgians and Abkhazians, etc", Demetrius's rule extended only over the eastern part of the kingdom. Western Georgia was under the rule of the Imeretian branch of the Bagrationi dynasty. King Demetrius was considered quite a controversial person. Devoted to Christianity, he was criticized for his polygamy. In 1288, on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esukan
Esukan ( ka, ესუქანი) () was a queen consort of Georgia as the fourth and last wife of King David VII Ulu. According to the anonymous 14th-century ''Chronicle of a Hundred Years'', Esukan was a daughter of the Mongol general Chormaqan Noyan and sister of Shiramun Noyan. David VII married her in 1263, after Hulagu Khan put his previous wife, Gvantsa, to death in response to David's abortive rebellion against the Ilkhanate. A lavish wedding was celebrated in the royal capital of Tbilisi. The marriage was childless and marred by a scandal in 1264, when Basil, a royal chancellor and bishop of Chqondidi and of Ujarma, was accused of adultery with Queen Esukan. David, habitually gullible and prone to hasty decisions, promptly had Basil executed by hanging in the middle of his capital. Modern scholars such as Ivane Javakhishvili doubt the truthfulness of these accusations, seeing in them a plot to remove Basil, the author of a controversial project of secularization of a p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jigda-Khatun
Jigda-Khatun ( ka, ჯიგდა-ხათუნი) (died 1252) was a queen consort of Georgia as the first wife of King David VII Ulu. She served as regent during the absence of her spouse. Origin and marriage The medieval Georgian chronicles provide no information regarding Jigda-Khatun's origin. Her name betrays a possible Mongol connection. According to the modern historian Ivane Javakhishvili, David might have married her, around 1247, for political reasons while he stayed at the court of the Mongol Great Khan Güyük, pending his recognition as the king of Georgia and settlement of a succession dispute with his namesake cousin, David VI Narin. Another modern scholar Cyril Toumanoff considers Jigda a Seljuq princess, daughter of the sultan of Rum. An inscription from the Abelia church in the south of Georgia mentions her as Tamar-Khatun, indicating that she received a new, Christian name in Georgia. Regency Jigda-Khatun's involvement in the government of Georgia was occa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shams Al-Din Juvayni
Shams al-Din Juvayni ( fa, شمسالدین جوینی; also spelled Joveyni) was a Persian statesman and member of the Juvayni family. He was an influential figure in early Ilkhanate politics, serving as ''sahib-i divan'' (vizier and minister of finance) under four Mongol Ilkhans−Hulagu, Abaqa, Tekuder and Arghun Khan. In 1284, Arghun accused Shams al-Din of having poisoned the Ilkhan Abaqa, who may actually have died of the effects of alcoholism; Shams al-Din was duly executed and replaced as vizier by Buqa. A skillful political and military leader, Shams al-Din is also known to have patronized the arts. The musician Safi al-Din al-Urmawi was one of those he supported. Background A native of the Juvayn area in Khorasan, Shams al-Din belonged to the namesake Juvaynis, a Persian family of officials and scholars, that claimed ancestry from al-Fadl ibn al-Rabi' (d. 823/4), who had served in high offices under the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (). The family had previously ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Georgian Consorts
This is a list of the royal consorts of Georgia from –20 February 1810. Queen consort of the Kingdom of Iberia (302 BC–580) Queen consort of the Principality of Iberia (580–1008) Queen consort or King consort of the Kingdom of Georgia (1008–1490) Georgia split into three independent kingdoms by 1490. The Kings of Kartli were descendants of Constantine II, the Kings of Kakheti from George VIII and the Kings of Imereti from Bagrat VI. Queen consort of the Kingdom of Kartli (1484–1762) Upon Teimuraz II's death, Kartli and Kakheti were united once more with the exception of Imereti. Queen consort of the Kingdom of Kakheti (1490–1762) Upon Teimuraz II's death, Kartli and Kakheti were united once more with the exception of Imereti. Queen consort of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762–1801) In 1762, the Kingdom of Kartli and the Kingdom of Kakheti were united under one ruler. Annexation of Kakheti and Kartli to Russia by Paul I of Russia, 1801. Queen consort of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jikur
Jikur ( ka, ჯიქური) (died 1252–1259) was a courtier of King David VII of Georgia, who exerted a considerable influence on the internal politics of Georgia until being executed on charges of treason. Rise to power The rise and fall of Jikur is documented in the 14th-century Georgian ''Chronicle of A Hundred Years'', which provides no information regarding his origin, but reports that Jikur, otherwise not particularly gifted and holding a relatively minor office of Master of Ceremonies (''mestumre''), rose to prominence thanks to his undaunted loyalty to David VII, whose troubled reign (1247–1270) was marred by the Mongol dominance. When David had to repair for the court of Batu Khan, he left his wife Jigda-Khatun as a regent and placed her under protection of Jikur. He was instrumental in reducing brigandage in the country, helped the construction of the royal palace at Isani in Tbilisi and levied tribute upon the fiercely independent mountaineers of Pkhovi. Conside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kura (Caspian Sea)
The Kura is an east-flowing river south of the Greater Caucasus Mountains which drains the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus east into the Caspian Sea. It also drains the north side of the Lesser Caucasus while its main tributary, the Aras, drains the south side of those mountains. Starting in northeastern Turkey, it flows through Turkey to Georgia, then to Azerbaijan, where it receives the Aras as a right tributary, and enters the Caspian Sea at Neftçala. The total length of the river is . People have inhabited the Caucasus region for thousands of years and first established agriculture in the Kura Valley over 4,500 years ago. Large, complex civilizations eventually grew up on the river, but by 1200 CE, most were reduced to ruin by natural disasters and foreign invaders. The increasing human use, and eventual damage, of the watershed's forests and grasslands, contributed to a rising intensity of floods through the 20th century. In the 1950s, the Soviet Union started bui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hulagu Khan
Hulagu Khan, also known as Hülegü or Hulegu ( mn, Хүлэгү/ , lit=Surplus, translit=Hu’legu’/Qülegü; chg, ; Arabic: fa, هولاکو خان, ''Holâku Khân;'' ; 8 February 1265), was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Western Asia. Son of Tolui and the Keraite princess Sorghaghtani Beki, he was a grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Ariq Böke, Möngke Khan, and Kublai Khan. Hulagu's army greatly expanded the southwestern portion of the Mongol Empire, founding the Ilkhanate of Persia, a precursor to the eventual Safavid dynasty, and then the modern state of Iran. Under Hulagu's leadership, the siege of Baghdad (1258) destroyed Baghdad's standing in the Islamic Golden Age and weakened Damascus, causing a shift of Islamic influence to the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo and ended the Abbasid Dynasty. Background Hulagu was born to Tolui, one of Genghis Khan's sons, and Sorghaghtani Beki, an influential Keraite princess and a niece of Toghrul in 1217. Noth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaism
In language, an archaism (from the grc, ἀρχαϊκός, ''archaïkós'', 'old-fashioned, antiquated', ultimately , ''archaîos'', 'from the beginning, ancient') is a word, a sense of a word, or a style of speech or writing that belongs to a historical epoch long beyond living memory, but that has survived in a few practical settings or affairs. Lexical archaisms are single archaic words or expressions used regularly in an affair (e.g. religion or law) or freely; literary archaism is the survival of archaic language in a traditional literary text such as a nursery rhyme or the deliberate use of a style characteristic of an earlier age—for example, in his 1960 novel '' The Sot-Weed Factor'', John Barth writes in an 18th-century style. Archaic words or expressions may have distinctive emotional connotations—some can be humorous (''forsooth''), some highly formal (''What say you?''), and some solemn (''With thee do I plight my troth''). A distinction between archaic and obsole ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marie-Félicité Brosset
Marie-Félicité Brosset (24 January 1802 – 3 September 1880) was a French orientalist who specialized in Georgian and Armenian studies. He worked mostly in Russia. Early life and first works Marie-Félicité Brosset was born in Paris into the family of a poor merchant, who died a few months after his birth. His mother destined him to the Church. He attended the theological seminaries in Orléans, where he studied Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Arabic. Back in Paris, he attended lectures delivered at the Collège de France by Carl Benedict Hase (Greek), Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de Sacy (Arabic), and Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat (Chinese). He was elected to the Asiatic Society in 1825. His son, Laurent, reported "...after five years of unceasing effort, he suddenly gave up.." and he burned all the material he had created. From 1826 he devoted himself to the Armenian and Georgian languages, as well as their history and culture. He had finally found his true vocation. Books, te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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