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Guarayu Languages
The Guaráyu or Guaráyo languages (also known as Tupi–Guarani II) are a subgroup of the Tupi–Guarani language family.Dietrich, Wolf. O tronco tupi e as suas famílias de línguas. Classificação e esboço tipológico. In: NOLL, Volker. ''O Português e o Tupi no Brasil''. São Paulo: Editora Contexto, 2010. Languages The Guarayu languages are:Rodrigues, Aryon Dall'Igna, and Ana Suelly Arruda Câmara Cabral (2012). "Tupían". In Campbell, Lyle, and Verónica Grondona (eds)''The indigenous languages of South America: a comprehensive guide'' Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. * Guarayu * Pauserna (Warázu) * Sirionó (dialects: Yuqui, Jorá) Rodrigues (2013) Languages listed by Rodrigues (2013):Rodrigues, A. D. (2013)Relações internas na família linguística Tupí-Guaraní ''Revista Brasileira De Linguística Antropológica'', 3(2). https://doi.org/10.26512/rbla.v3i2.16264 *Guarayo (Guarayú) *Sirionó *Horá (Jorá) Rodrigues & Cabral (2012) Languages listed by Rodrigues ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolivia
Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, warm valleys, high-altitude Andean plateaus, and snow-capped peaks, encompassing a wide range of climates and biomes across its regions and cities. It includes part of the Pantanal, the largest tropical wetland in the world, along its eastern border. It is bordered by Brazil to the Bolivia-Brazil border, north and east, Paraguay to the southeast, Argentina to the Argentina-Bolivia border, south, Chile to the Bolivia–Chile border, southwest, and Peru to the west. The seat of government is La Paz, which contains the executive, legislative, and electoral branches of government, while the constitutional capital is Sucre, the seat of the judiciary. The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra, located on the Geog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population, seventh-largest by population, with over 212 million people. The country is a federation composed of 26 Federative units of Brazil, states and a Federal District (Brazil), Federal District, which hosts the capital, Brasília. List of cities in Brazil by population, Its most populous city is São Paulo, followed by Rio de Janeiro. Brazil has the most Portuguese-speaking countries, Portuguese speakers in the world and is the only country in the Americas where Portuguese language, Portuguese is an Portuguese-speaking world, official language. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a Coastline of Brazil, coastline of . Covering roughly half of South America's land area, it Borders of Brazil, borders all other countries and ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupian Languages
The Tupi or Tupian language family comprises some 70 languages spoken in South America, of which the best known are Tupi proper and Guarani. Homeland and ''urheimat'' Rodrigues (2007) considers the Proto-Tupian urheimat to be somewhere between the Guaporé and Aripuanã rivers, in the Madeira River basin. Much of this area corresponds to the modern-day state of Rondônia, Brazil. Five of the ten Tupian branches are found in this area, as well as some Tupi–Guarani languages (especially Kawahíb), making it the probable urheimat of these languages and maybe of its speaking peoples. Rodrigues believes the Proto-Tupian language dates back to around 3,000 BC. Language contact Tupian languages have extensively influenced many language families in South America. Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Arawa, Bora-Muinane, Guato, Irantxe, Jivaro, Karib, Kayuvava, Mura-Matanawi, Taruma, Trumai, Yanomami, Harakmbet, Katukina-Katawixi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupi–Guarani Languages
Tupi–Guarani (/tuːˈpiː ɡwɑˈrɑːni/ /ɡwɑˈɾɑ-/; Tupi-Guarani: uˈpi ɡwaɾaˈni ) is the most widely distributed subfamily of the Tupian languages of South America. It consists of about fifty languages, including Guarani and Old Tupi. The most widely spoken in modern times by far is Guarani, which is one of the two official languages of Paraguay. The words '' petunia, jaguar, piranha, ipecac, tapioca, jacaranda, anhinga, carioca'', and ''capoeira'' are of Tupi–Guarani origin. Classification Rodrigues & Cabral (2012) Rodrigues & Cabral (2012) propose eight branches of Tupí–Guaraní: * Tupí–Guaraní ** Guaraní (Group I) ** Guarayu (Group II): Guarayu, Pauserna**, Sirionó (dialects: Yuqui, Jorá**) ** Tupí (Group III): Old Tupi (lingua franca dialect: Tupí Austral), Tupinambá (dialects: Nheengatu, Língua Geral as lingua franca, and Potiguára), Cocama– Omagua*, Tupinikin** ** Tenetehara (Group IV): Akwáwa (dialects: Asurin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guarayu Language
Guarayu () is a Tupian language of Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ... that is spoken by the Guarayo people who number 23,910 in 2012. The name ''Guarayu (Gwarayú)'' is a variant of '' Guarayo'', which when used in a pejorative sense refers to several indigenous peoples in the area with the meaning of 'savage' or 'uncultured'. The origin of the names is ''Guara'' meaning "warrior", and ''yu'' "pale" (yellow or white). Compared to other Guarani peoples, the Gwarayú are lighter in colour, and bear a striking resemblance to another Guarani group found in Paraguay, the Ache. There were some 30 speakers of Guarayu in Paraguay as of 2012. Phonology * are heard as allophones of when in nasal vowel position. References Further reading *Anónimo (200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warázu Language
Warázu, also known as Pauserna or Guarasugwé (Guarasú'we), is a moribund Tupi–Guaraní language of Brazil. It was also formerly spoken in Bolivia. It is spoken by the Guarasugwé people, who were estimated to number 125 according to a census in 2012. It was previously considered to be extinct, but 4 speakers were found in 2006; this number had decreased to 2 in 2017. Classification Warázu is most closely related to Sirionó and Yuki (Yuqui). Ramirez (2017) places the classification of Warázu in the Guaraní subgroup of the Tupi-Guarani languages as follows: *Guaraní subgroup **Guaraní ** Tupinambá ** Guarayu **Warázu-Sirionoid ***Sirionoid ( Sirionó, Yuqui, etc.) ***Warázu Names Speakers are also known as Guaraiutá, Guaraju, Pauserna, Guarasugwe, or Warazúkwe aɾaðúkwe Demographics Ramirez (2017) found only 2 remaining speakers of Warázu, an elderly couple consisting of Känä́tsɨ ənə́tsɨ(José Frei Leite) and Híwa (Ernestina Moreno). They wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sirionó Language
Sirionó (Mbia Cheë; also written as Mbya, Siriono) is a Tupian (Tupi–Guarani, Subgroup II) language spoken by about 400 Sirionó people (50 are monolingual) and 120 Yuqui in eastern Bolivia Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in central South America. The country features diverse geography, including vast Amazonian plains, tropical lowlands, mountains, the Gran Chaco Province, w ... (eastern Beni and northwestern Santa Cruz departments) in the village of Ibiato (Eviato) and along the Río Blanco in farms and ranches. Phonology Sirionó has phonemic contrasts between front, central, and back, close and mid vowels, i.e. Notes References * Firestone, Homer L. (1965). ''Description and Classification of Sirionó''. London: Mouton. * Holmberg, Allan. (1958). The Sirionó. In J. Steward (Ed.), ''Handbook of South American Indians: The Tropical Forest Tribes'' (Vol. 3, pp. 455–463. Washington, D.C.: U.S. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
