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Gruta Do Centenário
Gruta do Centenário ( English: ''Centenary grotto'') (MG-1081), is a cave located in the municipality of Mariana, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is the largest and deepest quartzite cave in the world, and second in the country in terms of unevenness. Other caves which are part of the same system have now been partially explored. History The beginnings of the Brazilian speleology in the eighteenth and nineteenth century mingle with the history of Caraça. From 1818 reports of two European naturalists, Johann Baptist von Spix and Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botany, botanist and explorer. Between 1817 and 1820, he travelled 10,000 km through Brazil while collecting botanical specimens. His m ..., cited the existence of several caves in the Serra do Caraça. About this place, it is said that in 1922 the priests of the Caraça College had discovered at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mariana, Minas Gerais
Mariana is the oldest city in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is a tourist city, founded on July 16, 1696, and retains the characteristics of a baroque city, with its churches, buildings and museums. It was the first capital of Minas Gerais. Other historical cities in Minas Gerais are Ouro Preto, São João del-Rei, Diamantina, Tiradentes, Congonhas and Sabará. It has an area of . The municipality contains a very small part of the of Serra do Gandarela National Park, created in 2014. In 2015, it suffered a major dam disaster. See also * List of municipalities in Minas Gerais This is a list of the municipalities in the States of Brazil, state of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais (MG), located in the Southeast Region, Brazil, Southeast Region of Brazil. Minas Gerais is divided into 853 Municipalities of Brazil, municipalities, ... References External links Municipalities in Minas Gerais Populated places established in 1696 1696 establishments in the Portug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Friedrich Philipp Von Martius
Carl Friedrich Philipp (Karl Friedrich Philipp) von Martius (17 April 1794 – 13 December 1868) was a German botany, botanist and explorer. Between 1817 and 1820, he travelled 10,000 km through Brazil while collecting botanical specimens. His most important work was a comprehensive flora of Brazil, ''Flora Brasiliensis'', which he initiated in 1840 and was completed posthumously in 1906. Life Martius was born at Erlangen, the son of Prof Ernst Wilhelm Martius, court apothecary. He graduated PhD from University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, Erlangen University in 1814, publishing as his thesis a critical catalogue of plants in the university's botanical garden. After that he continued to devote himself to botanical study, and in 1817 he and Johann Baptist von Spix were sent to Brazil by Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, Maximilian I Joseph, the king of Bavaria. They travelled from Rio de Janeiro through several of the southern and eastern provinces of Brazil and travelled up the Amazon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quartzite Caves
Quartzite is a hard, non- foliated metamorphic rock that was originally pure quartz sandstone.Essentials of Geology, 3rd Edition, Stephen Marshak, p 182 Sandstone is converted into quartzite through heating and pressure usually related to tectonic compression within orogenic belts, and hence quartzite is a metasandstone. Pure quartzite is usually white to grey, though quartzites often occur in various shades of pink and red due to varying amounts of hematite. Other colors, such as yellow, green, blue and orange, are due to other minerals. The term ''quartzite'' is also sometimes used for very hard but unmetamorphosed sandstones that are composed of quartz grains thoroughly cemented with additional quartz. Such sedimentary rock has come to be described as orthoquartzite to distinguish it from metamorphic quartzite, which is sometimes called metaquartzite to emphasize its metamorphic origins. Quartzite is very resistant to chemical weathering and often forms ridges and resistant h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caves Of Minas Gerais
Caves or caverns are natural voids under the Earth's surface. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. Exogene caves are smaller openings that extend a relatively short distance underground (such as rock shelters). Caves which extend further underground than the opening is wide are called endogene caves. Speleology is the science of exploration and study of all aspects of caves and the cave environment. Visiting or exploring caves for recreation may be called ''caving'', ''potholing'', or ''spelunking''. Formation types The formation and development of caves is known as ''speleogenesis''; it can occur over the course of millions of years. Caves can range widely in size, and are formed by various geological processes. These may involve a combination of chemical processes, erosion by water, tectonic forces, microorganisms, pressure, and atmospheric influences. Isotopic dating techniques can be applied to cave sediments, to determine the time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lapa Terra Ronca
Lapa Terra Ronca or Caverna Terra Ronca I (GO-063), is a dolomitic limestone cave inside the area of the Terra Ronca State Park, which houses the largest collection of caves and grottoes in the midwest with a number of about 200 being that only Terra Ronca and Angelica are open for the tourists. It is located about 400 kilometers from Brasília, midway between the municipalities of São Domingos, Posse e Guarani de Goiás, in the State of Goiás, Brazil. Thousands of years ago, a landslide caused its division into two parts. The first can be visited easily, but the second part requires a tour guide. It's called ''Terra Ronca II'' or ''Malhada'', also of gigantic proportions. It has two skylights, one of them called ''Araras'' and a large gallery called Lovers' Hall decorated with rich stalactites and stalagmites and huge sand dunes crossed by the underground Lapa river. Geology Indeed, geologists working for the state park say that the whole area where the cave is located was s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buraco Das Araras (Goiás)
Buraco das Araras - Dolina dos Maracanas (BR-020) ( English: Hole of the Macaws) is one of the largest quartzitic caves located in the State of Goiás, Brazil. It is located about west of Brasília and from the district of Bezerra, in the municipality of Formosa. It is considered one of the largest sinkholes (dolinas) in the world. Description Discovered in 1912, it is believed that the hole has been formed by the collapse of the roof of a cave. The cave itself is deep and wide, having in its midst a dense rainforest with gigantic ferns typical of a primitive age. Getting there To reach it the traveler must travel from Formosa, following BR-020 north as far as the village of Bezerra. Four kilometers after the settlement, one should turn left and drive on a dirt road for and then turn left for two more kilometers. See also * List of caves in Brazil ** Gruta do Centenário Gruta do Centenário ( English: ''Centenary grotto'') (MG-1081), is a cave located in the munici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Caves In Brazil ...
This is the List of caves in Brasil with links displayed alphabetically. Caves in Brazil References Parks * Parque da Cascata * Chapada Diamantina National Park See also *List of caves *Speleology {{Authority control Brazil Caves Caves or caverns are natural voids under the Earth's surface. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. Exogene caves are smaller openings that extend a relatively short distance underground (such as rock ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serra Do Caraça
Serra (Latin for "saw") may refer to: People and fictional characters * Serra (surname), a list of people and fictional characters * Serra (given name), a list of people and fictional characters * Serra (footballer), Portuguese footballer José Carvalho Gonçalves (born 1961) Cities, towns, municipalities Brazil *Serra, Espírito Santo, a city in the Greater Vitória area * Serra Azul, in São Paulo *Serra do Navio, in Amapá *Serra do Navio, in Amapá *Serra Negra, in São Paulo *Serra Talhada, in Pernambuco Italy * La Serra, San Miniato, in Tuscany *Serra (Rocca Santa Maria), in Abruzzo * Serra d'Aiello, in Calabria *Serra de' Conti, in Marche * Serra Pedace, in Calabria *Serra Riccò, in Liguria *Serra San Bruno, in Calabria *Serra San Quirico, in Marche *Serra Sant'Abbondio, in Marche Portugal *Serra (Tomar), in Santarém * Serra de Água, in the Madeira Islands *Serra do Bouro, in Caldas da Rainha San Marino *La Serra, in Acquaviva Spain *Serra, Cape Verde *Serra, Vale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Baptist Von Spix
Johann Baptist Ritter von Spix (9 February 1781 – 13 March 1826) was a German natural history, biologist. From his expedition to Brazil, he brought to Germany a large variety of specimens of plants, insects, mammals, birds, amphibians and fish. They constitute an important basis for today's National Zoological Collection in Munich. Numerous examples of his ethnographic collections, such as dance masks and the like, are now part of the collection of the Museum Five Continents, Museum of Ethnography in Munich. Biography Spix was born in Höchstadt, Germany, the seventh of eleven children. His childhood home is the site of the Spix Museum, open to the public since 2004. He studied philosophy in Bamberg and graduated with a doctoral degree. Later he studied theology in Würzburg. After attending lectures of the young professor Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, F. W. J. Schelling, Spix became interested in nature. He quit his theology studies and began studying medic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais () is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil, being the fourth largest state by area and the second largest in number of inhabitants with a population of 20,539,989 according to the 2022 Brazilian census, 2022 census. Located in the Southeast Region, Brazil, Southeast Region of the country, it is bordered to south and southwest by São Paulo (state), São Paulo; Mato Grosso do Sul to the west; Goiás and the Federal District (Brazil), Federal District to the northwest; Bahia to the north and northeast; Espírito Santo to the east; and Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro to the southeast. The state's capital and largest city, Belo Horizonte, is a major urban and finance center in Brazil, being the List of largest cities in Brazil#Top 115 most populous cities and state capitals, sixth most populous municipality in the country while its Greater Belo Horizonte, metropolitan area ranks as the List of metropolitan areas in Brazil, third largest in Brazil with just ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speleology
Speleology () is the scientific study of caves and other karst features, as well as their chemical composition, composition, structure, physical property, physical properties, history, ecology, and the processes by which they form (speleogenesis) and change over time (speleomorphology). The term ''speleology'' is also sometimes applied to the recreational activity of exploration, exploring caves, but this is more properly known as ''caving'', ''potholing'' (British English), or ''spelunking'' (United States and Canadian English). Speleology and caving are often connected, as the physical skills required for ''in situ'' study are the same. Speleology is a cross-disciplinary field that combines the knowledge of chemistry, biology, geology, physics, meteorology, and cartography to develop portraits of caves as complex, evolving systems. History Before modern speleology developed, John Beaumont (geologist), John Beaumont wrote detailed descriptions of some Mendip Hills, Mendip c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quartzite
Quartzite is a hard, non- foliated metamorphic rock that was originally pure quartz sandstone.Essentials of Geology, 3rd Edition, Stephen Marshak, p 182 Sandstone is converted into quartzite through heating and pressure usually related to tectonic compression within orogenic belts, and hence quartzite is a metasandstone. Pure quartzite is usually white to grey, though quartzites often occur in various shades of pink and red due to varying amounts of hematite. Other colors, such as yellow, green, blue and orange, are due to other minerals. The term ''quartzite'' is also sometimes used for very hard but unmetamorphosed sandstones that are composed of quartz grains thoroughly cemented with additional quartz. Such sedimentary rock has come to be described as orthoquartzite to distinguish it from metamorphic quartzite, which is sometimes called metaquartzite to emphasize its metamorphic origins. Quartzite is very resistant to chemical weathering and often forms ridges and resist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
