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Group Communication System
{{Unreferenced, date=April 2021 The term Group Communication System (GCS) refers to a software platform that implements some form of group communication. Examples of group communication systems include IS-IS, Spread Toolkit, Appia framework, QuickSilver, and IBM's group services component. Message queue systems are somewhat similar. Group communication systems commonly provide specific guarantees about the total ordering of messages, such as if the sender of a message receives it back from the GCS, then it is certain that it has been delivered to all other nodes in the system. This property is useful when constructing data replication Replication in computing involves sharing information so as to ensure consistency between redundant resources, such as software or hardware components, to improve reliability, fault-tolerance, or accessibility. Terminology Replication in comp ... systems. Inter-process communication ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Software Platform
A computing platform or digital platform is an environment in which a piece of software is executed. It may be the hardware or the operating system (OS), even a web browser and associated application programming interfaces, or other underlying software, as long as the program code is executed with it. Computing platforms have different abstraction levels, including a computer architecture, an OS, or runtime libraries. A computing platform is the stage on which computer programs can run. A platform can be seen both as a constraint on the software development process, in that different platforms provide different functionality and restrictions; and as an assistant to the development process, in that they provide low-level functionality ready-made. For example, an OS may be a platform that abstracts the underlying differences in hardware and provides a generic command for saving files or accessing the network. Components Platforms may also include: * Hardware alone, in the cas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Group Communication
Communication in small groups consists of three or more people who share a common goal and communicate collectively to achieve it. During small group communication, interdependent participants analyze data, evaluate the nature of the problem(s), decide and provide a possible solution or procedure. Additionally, small group communication provides strong feedback, unique contributions to the group as well as a critical thinking analysis and self-disclosure from each member. Small groups communicate through an interpersonal exchange process of information, feelings and active listening in both two types of small groups: primary groups and secondary groups. Group communication The first important research study of small group communication was performed in front of a live studio audience in Hollywood California by social psychologist Robert Bales and published in a series of books and articles in the early and mid 1950s .Bales, R. F. (1950). ''Interaction process analysis''. Page 33. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IS-IS
Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS, also written ISIS) is a routing protocol designed to move information efficiently within a computer network, a group of physically connected computers or similar devices. It accomplishes this by determining the best route for data through a packet switching network. The IS-IS protocol is defined in ISO/IEC 10589:2002 as an international standard within the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference design. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) republished IS-IS in , but that RFC was later marked as ''historic'' by because it republished a draft rather than a final version of the (International Organization for Standardization) ISO standard, causing confusion. IS-IS has been called "the ''de facto'' standard for large service provider network backbones." Description IS-IS is an interior gateway protocol, designed for use within an administrative domain or network. This is in contrast to exterior gateway protocols, pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spread Toolkit
The Spread Toolkit is a computer software package that provides a high performance group communication system that is resilient to faults across local and wide area networks. Spread functions as a unified message bus for distributed applications, and provides highly tuned application-level multicast, group communication, and point to point support. Spread services range from reliable messaging to fully ordered messages with delivery guarantees. The toolkit consists of a messaging server, and client libraries for many software development environments, including C/C++ libraries (with and without thread support), a Java class to be used by applets or applications, and interfaces for Perl, Python, and Ruby. Interfaces for many other software environments have been provided by third parties. In typical operation, each computer in a cluster runs its own instance of the Spread server, and client applications connect locally to that server process. The Spread servers, in turn, commu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appia (software)
Appia is a Free and open-source software, free and open-source layered communication toolkit implemented in Java (programming language), Java, and licensed under the Apache License, Apache License, version 2.0. It was born in the University of Lisbon, Portugal, by the DIALNP research group that is hosted in the LaSIGE research unit. Components Appia is composed by a core that is used to compose Protocol (computing), protocols, and a set of protocols that provide group communication, ordering guaranties, atomic broadcast, among other properties. Core The Appia core offers a clean way for the application to express inter-channel constraints. This feature is obtained as an extension to the functionality provided by current systems. Thus, Appia retains a flexible and modular design that allows communication stacks to be composed and reconfigured in run-time. Protocols The existing protocols include interface with Transmission Control Protocol, TCP and User Datagram Protocol, UDP Inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quicksilver (software)
Quicksilver is a utility software, utility app for macOS. Originally developed as proprietary freeware by Nicholas Jitkoff of Blacktree, Inc., it is now an Open-source software, open-source project hosted on GitHub. Quicksilver is essentially a graphical Shell (computing), shell for the macOS operating system, allowing users to use the keyboard to rapidly perform tasks such as launching other apps, manipulating computer file, files, or sending e-mail. It is similar to the macOS applications LaunchBar and Alfred (software), Alfred, but uses a different interaction paradigm. Because of its flexible interface and extensibility, Quicksilver has been called one of the top productivity applications on the Mac. Features Interface Invoked with a keyboard shortcut, Quicksilver has three panes, into which the user can enter an object, an action, and an optional attribute—analogous to creating a sentence with a subject, verb, and object. Quicksilver is a background application that runs w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Replication (computing)
Replication in computing involves sharing information so as to ensure consistency between redundant resources, such as software or hardware components, to improve reliability, fault-tolerance, or accessibility. Terminology Replication in computing can refer to: * ''Data replication'', where the same data is stored on multiple storage devices * ''Computation replication'', where the same computing task is executed many times. Computational tasks may be: ** ''Replicated in space'', where tasks are executed on separate devices ** ''Replicated in time'', where tasks are executed repeatedly on a single device Replication in space or in time is often linked to scheduling algorithms. Access to a replicated entity is typically uniform with access to a single non-replicated entity. The replication itself should be transparent to an external user. In a failure scenario, a failover of replicas should be hidden as much as possible with respect to quality of service. Computer scientis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
