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Gregory Of Nisibis
Gregory of Kashkar (died c. 611) was the bishop of Kashkar and then from about 596 the Nisibis (East Syriac ecclesiastical province), metropolitan of Nisibis in the Church of the East. His hagiography treats him as a pivotal figure in the preservation of the church's distinctive theology. A biography of Gregory, conventionally known as the ''Life of Gregory'', is incorporated into the 10th-century Arabic ''Chronicle of Seert'', which cites the authority of Theodore bar Koni and Elias of Merv. The ''Life'' is probably itself an abbreviated translation of a lost Syriac language, Syriac hagiography probably composed in the 660s. Elias of Merv may be the author of the ''Khuzistan Chronicle'', which aligns with the ''Chronicle of Seert'' regarding Gregory's life. Babai the Great also wrote a now lost hagiography of Gregory not long after his death. He presents him as an associate of the Zoroastrian convert George of Izla and as a martyr because he died in exile. Gregory was born in Kashk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishop Of Kashkar
Diocese of Kashkar, sometimes called Kaskar,Houtsma, Martijn. E.J. Brill's first encyclopedia of Islam, 1913-1936', pages 800-801 (BRILL 1993). was the senior diocese in the Church of the East's Province of the Patriarch. It see was in the city of Kashkar. The diocese is attested between the fourth and the twelfth centuries. The bishops of Kashkar had the privilege of guarding the patriarchal throne during the interregnum between the death of a patriarch and the appointment of his successor. As a result, they are often mentioned by name in the standard histories of the Nestorian patriarchs, so that a relatively full list of the bishops of the diocese has survived. History According to legend, the diocese of Kashkar was the oldest diocese in Persia. It was said to have been founded by the apostle Mari in the first century, several decades before the establishment of a diocese in the Persian capital Seleucia-Ctesiphon. Although a first-century foundation date is highly unli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
School Of Nisibis
The School of Nisibis ( syr, ܐܣܟܘܠܐ ܕܢܨܝܒܝܢ, for a time absorbed into the School of Edessa) was an educational establishment in Nisibis (now Nusaybin, Turkey). It was an important spiritual centre of the early Church of the East, and like the Academy of Gondishapur, it is sometimes referred to as the world's first university. The school had three primary departments teaching: theology, philosophy and medicine. Its most famous teacher was Narsai, formerly head of the School of Edessa. The school was founded in 350 in Nisibis. In 363, when Nisibis fell to the Persians, St. Ephrem the Syrian, accompanied by a number of teachers, left the school. They went to the School of Edessa, where Ephrem took over the directorship of the school there. It had been founded as long ago as the 2nd century by the kings of the Abgar dynasty. When Ephrem took over the school, its importance grew still further. After the Nestorian Schism, when the Byzantine emperor Zeno ordered the school c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishoʿyahb Of Gdala
Ishoʿyahb II of Gdala was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 628 to 645. He reigned during a period of great upheaval in the Sasanian Empire. He became patriarch at the end of a disastrous war between Rome and Persia, which weakened both powers. Two years later the Moslem Arabs began a career of conquest in which they overthrew the Sassanian empire and occupied the eastern provinces of the Roman empire. Ishoʿyahb lived through this momentous period, and is said to have met both the Roman emperor Heraclius and the second Moslem caliph ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab. The Syriac name Ishoʿyahb means 'Jesus has given', and is spelled variously in English. Alternative spellings include Yeshuyab and Ishu-yahb. Ishoʿyahb II is commonly known as Ishoʿyahb of Gdala, to distinguish him from two near-contemporary Nestorian patriarchs, Ishoʿyahb I of Arzun (582–95) and Ishoʿyahb III of Adiabene (649–59). Sources Ishoʿyahb's patriarchate, the Arab conquest of Iraq and Ishoʿya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabrishoʿ I
Sabrisho I (also Sabr-Ishu, Syriac for "hope in Jesus") was Patriarch of the Church of the East from 596 to 604, during the rule of King Khosrau II. The son of a shepherd from the mountainous region of Shahrizur, Sabrisho had been a hermit, and was a strong supporter of the monastic way of life, so was influential in integrating monasticism into the church. Another strong supporter of monasticism at the time was Abraham the Great of Kashkar. Conflicts during Sabrisho's tenure included that of Henana of Adiabene. Upon Sabrisho's death in 604, there was a power struggle over the election of a new Patriarch, between the King, his wife, and the Synod A synod () is a council of a Christian denomination, usually convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. The word ''wikt:synod, synod'' comes from the meaning "assembly" or "meeting" and is analogous with the Latin ... (council) of bishops. Sources * * * * 604 deaths Patriarchs of the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Of Sinjar
Gabriel of Sinjar ( syc, ܓܒܪܐܝܠ ܕܫܝܓܪ, ') was a court physician (''drustbed'') of the Sasanian shah Khosrow II (). He played a major role in inter-Christian rivalries in the Sasanian empire. Biography Gabriel was born in Sinjar to a Syrian Miaphysite family. According to one account he became a court physician (''drustbed'') after curing the sterility of the shah's favourite wife, Shirin, who eventually gave birth to a son named Mardanshah. Shirin later converted to the Syriac Orthodox Church under Gabriel's influence. Shirin also influenced by Gabriel, tried to replace Dyophysitism (Church of the East) with Miaphysitism as the official form of Christianity in the Iranian empire. Gabriel convinced the shah to prohibit the Church of the East from appointing a new leader after the death of its ''Catholicos'', Gregory. He also tried to exploit the fragmentation of the Church of the East in order to weaken it: he convinced Khosrow II to convene a disputation at his cour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodore Of Mopsuestia
Theodore of Mopsuestia (c. 350 – 428) was a Christian theologian, and Bishop of Mopsuestia (as Theodore II) from 392 to 428 AD. He is also known as Theodore of Antioch, from the place of his birth and presbyterate. He is the best known representative of the middle Antioch School of hermeneutics. Life and work Theodore was born at Antioch, where his father held an official position and the family was wealthy (Chrysostom, ''ad Th. Laps.'' ii). Theodore's cousin, Paeanius, to whom several of John Chrysostom's letters are addressed, held an important post of civil government; his brother Polychronius became bishop of the metropolitan see of Apamea. Theodore first appears as the early companion and friend of Chrysostom, his fellow-townsman, his equal in rank, and but two or three years his senior in age. Together with their common friend Maximus, who was later bishop of Isaurian Seleucia, Chrysostom and Theodore attended the lectures of the Greek-speaking teacher of rhet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henana Of Adiabene
Henana of Adiabene (died 610) was a Christian theologian, and headmaster of the School of Nisibis, the main theological center of the Church of the East (571–610). Biography Before he became headmaster, Henana of Adiabene had occupied the chair of biblical exegesis. His teacher was a certain Moses, who was probably an Eastern Orthodox Christian. Many of Henana's ideas were close to Byzantine theology, and his appointment as head of the school might have been in line with a general uneasiness with pro-Antiochene theological discourse, previously set by the Synod of Beth Lapat (484). His predecessor headmaster was Abraham of Beth Rabban, who had worked hard to promote the Antiochene theology of Theodore of Mopsuestia. Henana was a humble man, worked tirelessly, and stood to his convictions. Under his leadership the school initially continued to grow. He wrote extensive commentaries and other works, but only two works and a number of citations have been preserved. A speech for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishoʿyahb I
Ishoʿyahb I of Arzun was patriarch of the Assyrian Church of the East from 582 to 595. His name is included in the traditional list of patriarchs of the Church of the East. Sources Brief accounts of Ishoʿyahb's patriarchate are given in the ''Ecclesiastical Chronicle'' of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus (''floruit'' 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), ʿAmr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century). A lengthier and more circumstantial account is given in the ''Chronicle of Seert'', an anonymous ninth-century Nestorian history. Ishoʿyahb's patriarchate The following account of Ishoʿyahb's patriarchate is given by Bar Hebraeus: The catholicus Ezekiel Ezekiel (; he, יְחֶזְקֵאל ''Yəḥezqēʾl'' ; in the Septuagint written in grc-koi, Ἰεζεκιήλ ) is the central protagonist of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible. In Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, Ezekiel is acknow ..., who had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magi
Magi (; singular magus ; from Latin ''magus'', cf. fa, مغ ) were priests in Zoroastrianism and the earlier religions of the western Iranians. The earliest known use of the word ''magi'' is in the trilingual inscription written by Darius the Great, known as the Behistun Inscription. Old Persian texts, predating the Hellenistic period, refer to a magus as a Zurvanic, and presumably Zoroastrian, priest. Pervasive throughout the Eastern Mediterranean and Western Asia until late antiquity and beyond, ''mágos'' (μάγος) was influenced by (and eventually displaced) Greek '' goēs'' (γόης), the older word for a practitioner of magic, to include astronomy/astrology, alchemy, and other forms of esoteric knowledge. This association was in turn the product of the Hellenistic fascination for Pseudo-Zoroaster, who was perceived by the Greeks to be the Chaldean founder of the Magi and inventor of both astrology and magic, a meaning that still survives in the modern-day words " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Plague Pandemic
The first plague pandemic was the first historically recorded Old World pandemic of plague, the contagious disease caused by the bacterium ''Yersinia pestis''. Also called the early medieval pandemic, it began with the Plague of Justinian in 541 and continued until 750 or 767; at least fifteen or eighteen major waves of plague following the Justinianic plague have been identified from historical records. The pandemic affected the Mediterranean Basin most severely and most frequently, but also infected the Near East and Northern Europe, and potentially East Asia as well. The Roman emperor Justinian I's name is sometimes applied to the whole series of plague epidemics in late Antiquity, as well as to the Plague of Justinian which struck the Eastern Roman Empire in the early 540s. The pandemic is best known from its first and last outbreaks: the Justinianic Plague of 541549, described by the contemporary Roman historian Procopius, and the late 8th century plague of Naples described b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maishan
Meshan (Middle Persian: 𐭬𐭩𐭱𐭠𐭭) was a province of the Sasanian Empire. It consisted of the Parthian vassal kingdom of Characene and reached north along the Shatt al-Arab river and then the lower Tigris to Madhar and possibly further. Its inhabitants included Babylonians, Arabs, Iranians, and even some Indians and Malays (the Malays may have been slaves brought from the Indian sub-continent). The province was very fertile, the best place for barley according to Strabo, and contained many date palms. It was also an important trading province along the Persian Gulf. History In, the first ruler of the Sasanian dynasty, Ardashir I (r. 224–242) after having conquered his native province, Pars, invaded Meshan, killing its ruler, Bandu. Ardashir had a city named Karkh Meshan rebuilt, and had it renamed as Astarabad-Ardashir. According to a fragmentary Manichean account found in Turfan, Mihr-šāh, a brother of the Sasnian king Shapur I (r. 240-270), ruled as the vassal-k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ishoʿdnaḥ
Ishoʿdnaḥ ( syr, ܝܫܘܥܕܢܚ; fl. 9th century) was a historian and hagiographer of the Church of the East who served as the metropolitan bishop of Mayshan at Baṣra. Some manuscripts refer to him as metropolitan of the diocese of Qasra, but this appears to be a simple spelling error, since Qasra was never a metropolitan see. Ishoʿdnaḥ wrote in Syriac. According to ʿAbdishoʿ bar Brikha, writing towards 1300, he wrote a three-volume ecclesiastical history, a treatise on logic, hymns, poems and consolations, as well as "a treatise on chastity, in which he collected an account of all the saints." The last is one of only two works by Ishoʿdnaḥ known to have been preserved. The other is an acrostic poem about Mar Yawnan, the founder of a monastery near al-Anbār, in 22 stanzas. The former has been published in full, but only a few stanzas of the latter. The ''Ktābā d-nakputā'' ("Book of Chastity"), also known by its Latin title, ''Liber castitatis'', was written aro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
