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Graphium Nomius
''Graphium nomius'', the spot swordtail, is a butterfly found in South and Southeast Asia that belongs to the swallowtail family. The species was first described by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper in 1793. One of the grandest sights is a host of spot swordtails mud-puddling or swarming around a flowering forest tree. The spot swordtail gets its name from the line of distinct white spots along the margin of its wings. Range It is known from southern and eastern India (including Sikkim and Assam), Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Kampuchea. Description It differs from ''Graphium antiphates'' chiefly in the greater width of the black markings on the upperside, especially of the basal and subbasal bands that cross the forewing, both of which also extend to the dorsum. On the hindwing the black markings of the underside on the basal and discal areas are not only seen by transparency from below, but are actually represented, though only par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper
Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper (2 June 1742 – 27 July 1810) was a German zoologist and naturalist. Born in Wunsiedel in Bavaria, he was professor of zoology at Erlangen university. Life and work Eugen and his brother Friedrich were introduced to natural history at an early age by their father Friedrich Lorenz Esper, an amateur botanist. Encouraged to abandon his theology course by his professor of botany Casimir Christoph Schmidel (1718–1792) Eugen Esper, instead, took instruction in natural history. He obtained his doctorate of philosophy at the university of Erlangen in 1781 with a thesis entitled ''De varietatibus specierum in naturale productis''. The following year, he started to teach at the university initially as extraordinary professor, a poorly paid position, then in 1797 as the professor of philosophy. He directed the department of natural history in Erlangen from 1805. Thanks to him the university collections of minerals, birds, plants, shells and insects ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals. Its parts include Taylor & Francis, Routledge, F1000 (publisher), F1000 Research or Dovepress. It is a division of Informa, Informa plc, a United Kingdom–based publisher and conference company. Overview The company was founded in 1852 when William Francis (chemist), William Francis joined Richard Taylor (editor), Richard Taylor in his publishing business. Taylor had founded his company in 1798. Their subjects covered agriculture, chemistry, education, engineering, geography, law, mathematics, medicine, and social sciences. Francis's son, Richard Taunton Francis (1883–1930), was sole partner in the firm from 1917 to 1930. In 1965, Taylor & Francis launched Wykeham Publications and began book publishing. T&F acquired Hemisphere Publishing in 1988, and the company was renamed Taylor & Francis Group to reflect the growing number of Imprint (trade name), imp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annonaceae
The Annonaceae are a Family (biology), family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs, or rarely lianas commonly known as the custard apple family or soursop family. With 108 accepted genera and about 2400 known species, it is the largest family in the Magnoliales. Several genera produce edible fruit, most notably ''Annona'', ''Anonidium'', ''Asimina'', ''Rollinia'', and ''Uvaria''. Its type genus is ''Annona''. The family is concentrated in the tropics, with few species found in temperate regions. About 900 species are Neotropical, 450 are Afrotropical, and the remaining are Indomalayan. Description The species are mostly tropical, some are mid-latitude, deciduous or evergreen trees and shrubs, with some lianas, with aromatic bark, leaves, and flowers. ; Stems, stalks and leaves: Bark is fibrous and aromatic. Pith septate (fine tangential bands divided by partitions) to diaphragmed (divided by thin partitions with openings in them). Branching distichous (arranged in two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyalthia Longifolia
''Monoon longifolium'', the false ashoka, also commonly known by its synonym ''Polyalthia longifolia'', is an Asian small tree species in the family Annonaceae. It is native to southern India and Sri Lanka, but has been widely introduced elsewhere in tropical Asia. This evergreen tree is known to grow over 20 m. in height and is commonly planted due to its effectiveness in alleviating noise pollution. It exhibits symmetrical pyramidal growth with willowy weeping pendulous branches and long narrow lanceolate leaves with undulate margins. ''Monoon longifolium'' is sometimes incorrectly identified as the ashoka tree (''Saraca indica'') because of the close resemblance of both trees. It can appear to have no branches, but in fact a ''M. longifolium'' allowed to grow naturally (without trimming the branches out for decorative reasons) grows into a normal large tree giving plenty of shade. Common names Common names include false ashoka, the Buddha tree, Indian mast tree, and In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miliusa Velutina
''Miliusa'' is a genus of plants in family Annonaceae. Species have been recorded from tropical and subtropical Asia to northern Australia. Accepted species ''Plants of the World Online'' currently includes: # '' Miliusa amplexicaulis'' Ridl. # '' Miliusa andamanica'' (King) Finet & Gagnep. # '' Miliusa astiana'' Chaowasku & Kessler # '' Miliusa baillonii'' Pierre # '' Miliusa balansae'' Finet & Gagnep. # '' Miliusa banghoiensis'' Jovet-Ast # '' Miliusa brahei'' (F.Muell.) Jessup # '' Miliusa butonensis'' Chaowasku & Kessler # '' Miliusa cambodgensis'' Chaowasku & Kessler # '' Miliusa campanulata'' Pierre # '' Miliusa chantaburiana'' Damth. & Chaowasku # '' Miliusa codonantha'' Chaowasku - India # '' Miliusa cuneata'' Craib # '' Miliusa dioeca'' (Roxb.) Chaowasku & Kessler # '' Miliusa eupoda'' (Miq.) I.M.Turner # '' Miliusa filipes'' Ridl. # '' Miliusa flaviviridis'' N.V.Page, Poti & K.Ravik. # '' Miliusa fragrans'' Chaowasku & Kessler - Thailand # '' Miliusa fusca'' Pierre # ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miliusa Tomentosum
''Miliusa'' is a genus of plants in family Annonaceae. Species have been recorded from tropical and subtropical Asia to northern Australia. Accepted species ''Plants of the World Online'' currently includes: # '' Miliusa amplexicaulis'' Ridl. # '' Miliusa andamanica'' (King) Finet & Gagnep. # '' Miliusa astiana'' Chaowasku & Kessler # '' Miliusa baillonii'' Pierre # '' Miliusa balansae'' Finet & Gagnep. # '' Miliusa banghoiensis'' Jovet-Ast # '' Miliusa brahei'' (F.Muell.) Jessup # '' Miliusa butonensis'' Chaowasku & Kessler # '' Miliusa cambodgensis'' Chaowasku & Kessler # '' Miliusa campanulata'' Pierre # '' Miliusa chantaburiana'' Damth. & Chaowasku # '' Miliusa codonantha'' Chaowasku - India # '' Miliusa cuneata'' Craib # '' Miliusa dioeca'' (Roxb.) Chaowasku & Kessler # '' Miliusa eupoda'' (Miq.) I.M.Turner # '' Miliusa filipes'' Ridl. # '' Miliusa flaviviridis'' N.V.Page, Poti & K.Ravik. # '' Miliusa fragrans'' Chaowasku & Kessler - Thailand # '' Miliusa fusca'' Pierre # ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Hamilton Aitken
Edward Hamilton Aitken (16 August 1851, in Satara, India – 11 April 1909, in Edinburgh) was a civil servant in India, better known for his humorist writings on natural history in India and as a founding member of the Bombay Natural History Society. He was well known to Anglo-Indians by the pen-name of Eha. Early life ''Eha'' was born at Satara in the Bombay Presidency on 16 August 1851. His father was the Rev. James Aitken, missionary of the Free Church of Scotland. His mother was a sister of the Rev. Daniel Edward, a missionary to the Jews at Breslau for some fifty years. He was educated by his father in India. His higher education was obtained at Bombay and Pune. He passed M.A. and B.A. of Bombay University, first on the list, and won the Homejee Cursetjee prize with a poem in 1880. From 1870 to 1876, he taught Latin at the Deccan College in Pune. He also knew Greek and was known to be able to read the Greek Testament without the aid of a dictionary. He grew up in India, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osmeterium
The osmeterium is a defensive organ found in all papilionid larvae, in all stages. The organ is situated in the prothoracic segment and can be everted when the larva feels threatened. The everted organ resembles a fleshy forked tongue (not unlike a snake tongue), and this along with the large eye-like spots on the body might be used to startle birds and small reptiles. The osmeterial organ remains inside the body in the thoracic region in an inverted position and is everted when the larva is disturbed in any way emitting a foul, disagreeable odor which serves to repel ants, small spiders and mantids. To humans, this odour is rather strong but pleasant, usually smelling like a concentrated scent of the caterpillar’s food plant and pineapple. The constitution of the osmeterial secretion varies from species to species and contains monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenic compounds or a mixture of aliphatic acids and esters The fine structure of the osmeterium of '' Papilio dem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egg (biology)
An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the animal hatches. Most arthropods such as insects, vertebrates (excluding live-bearing mammals), and mollusks lay eggs, although some, such as scorpions, do not. Reptile eggs, bird eggs, and monotreme eggs are laid out of water and are surrounded by a protective shell, either flexible or inflexible. Eggs laid on land or in nests are usually kept within a warm and favorable temperature range while the embryo grows. When the embryo is adequately developed it hatches, i.e., breaks out of the egg's shell. Some embryos have a temporary egg tooth they use to crack, pip, or break the eggshell or covering. The largest recorded egg is from a whale shark and was in size. Whale shark eggs typically hatch within the mother. At and up to , the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miliusa Velutina Bra2
''Miliusa'' is a genus of plants in family Annonaceae. Species have been recorded from tropical and subtropical Asia to northern Australia. Accepted species ''Plants of the World Online'' currently includes: # '' Miliusa amplexicaulis'' Ridl. # '' Miliusa andamanica'' (King) Finet & Gagnep. # '' Miliusa astiana'' Chaowasku & Kessler # '' Miliusa baillonii'' Pierre # '' Miliusa balansae'' Finet & Gagnep. # '' Miliusa banghoiensis'' Jovet-Ast # '' Miliusa brahei'' (F.Muell.) Jessup # '' Miliusa butonensis'' Chaowasku & Kessler # '' Miliusa cambodgensis'' Chaowasku & Kessler # '' Miliusa campanulata'' Pierre # '' Miliusa chantaburiana'' Damth. & Chaowasku # '' Miliusa codonantha'' Chaowasku - India # '' Miliusa cuneata'' Craib # '' Miliusa dioeca'' (Roxb.) Chaowasku & Kessler # '' Miliusa eupoda'' (Miq.) I.M.Turner # '' Miliusa filipes'' Ridl. # '' Miliusa flaviviridis'' N.V.Page, Poti & K.Ravik. # '' Miliusa fragrans'' Chaowasku & Kessler - Thailand # '' Miliusa fusca'' Pierre # ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nilgiris (mountains)
The Nilgiri Mountains form part of the Western Ghats in northwestern Tamil Nadu, Southern Karnataka, and eastern Kerala in India. They are located at the trijunction of three states and connect the Western Ghats with the Eastern Ghats. At least 24 of the Nilgiri Mountains' peaks are above , the highest peak being Doddabetta, at . Etymology The word Nilgiri, comes from Sanskrit word ''neela'' (blue) + ''giri'' (mountain), has been in use since at least 1117 CE. In Tamil literature it is mentioned as ''Iraniyamuttam'' It is thought that the bluish flowers of kurinji shrubs gave rise to the name. Location The Nilgiri Hills are separated from the Karnataka Plateau to the north by the Moyar River. Three national parks border portions of the Nilgiri mountains. Mudumalai National Park lies in the northern part of the range where Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu meet, covering an area of 321 km². Mukurthi National Park lies in the southwest part of the range, in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gmelina Arborea
''Gmelina arborea'', (in English beechwood, gmelina, goomar teak, Kashmir tree, Malay beechwood, white teak, yamane ), locally known as gamhar, is a fast-growing deciduous tree in the family Lamiaceae. Distribution and habitat ''Gmelina arborea'' grows naturally throughout India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and in southern provinces of China. It is found at altitudes from sea level to . Since the 1960s, it has been introduced extensively as fast-growing timber trees in Brazil, Gambia, Honduras, Ivory Coast, Malaysia, Malawi, Nigeria, the Philippines, and Sierra Leone. It is also planted in gardens and avenues. Utilization of the species The Lion Throne, the most important, and last surviving, of the eight royal thrones of Myanmar, now in the National Museum in Yangon, is carved from ''Gmelina arborea'' wood. Chemistry Lignans, such as 6" - bromo - isoarboreol, 4-hydroxysesamin, 4,8-dihydroxysesamin, 1,4-dihydroxysesamin (gummadiol), 2-piperonyl-3-hydroxyme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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