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Grammonus Nagaredai
''Grammonus nagaredai'', or the Nagareda's viviparous brotula, is a species of viviparous brotula found in the Hawaiian Islands where it occurs at depths of around to . Description ''Grammonus nagaredai'' is similar to ''Grammonus ater ''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammu ...'' from the Mediterranean Sea, but it differs from that species in being more robust. The head and body are brown in life, while the sensory papillae tend to be white.Randall, J.E. and Hughes M.J., 2009. Grammonus nagaredai, a new viviparous marine fish (Ophidiiformes: Bythitidae) from the Hawaiian Islands. Pacific Science 63(1):137-146. References Bythitidae Fish described in 2009 {{Bythitidae-stub ...
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Viviparous Brotula
The viviparous brotulas form a family, the Bythitidae, of ophidiiform fishes. They are known as viviparous brotulas as they generally viviparity, bear live young, although there are indications that some species (at least ''Didymothallus criniceps'') do not.Nielsen; Schwarzhans; and Hadiaty (2009). A blind, new species of Diancistrus (Teleostei, Bythitidae) from three caves on Muna Island, southeast of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Cybium 33(3): 241-245. They are generally infrequently seen, somewhat tadpole-like in overall shape and mostly about in length, but some species grow far larger and may surpass . Although many live near the coast in tropical or subtropical oceans, there are also species in deep water and cold oceans, for example ''Bythites''. ''Thermichthys hollisi'', which lives at depths of around , is associated with thermal vents. A few are fresh or brackish water cavefish: the Mexican blind brotula (''Typhliasina pearsei''), Galapagos cuskeel (''Ogilbia galapagosensis''), ...
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Hawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian Islands ( haw, Nā Mokupuni o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll. Formerly the group was known to Europeans and Americans as the Sandwich Islands, a name that James Cook chose in honor of the 4th Earl of Sandwich, the then First Lord of the Admiralty. Cook came across the islands by chance when crossing the Pacific Ocean on his Third Voyage in 1778, on board HMS ''Resolution''; he was later killed on the islands on a return visit. The contemporary name of the islands, dating from the 1840s, is derived from the name of the largest island, Hawaii Island. Hawaii sits on the Pacific Plate and is the only U.S. state that is not geographically connected to North America. It is part of the Polynesia subregion of Oceania. The state of Hawaii occupies the archipelago almost in its entirety (includin ...
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Grammonus Ater
''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammus'' ( Heller & Snodgrass, 1903) (Purple brotula) * '' Grammonus longhursti'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus minutus'' J. G. Nielsen & Prokofiev, 2010 * '' Grammonus nagaredai'' J. E. Randall & Hughes, 2008 * ''Grammonus opisthodon'' J. L. B. Smith, 1934 (Bighead brotula) * ''Grammonus robustus'' H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1913 * ''Grammonus thielei'' J. G. Nielsen & Cohen, 2004 * '' Grammonus waikiki'' ( Cohen, 1964) * ''Grammonus yunokawai ''Grammonus'' is a genus of viviparous brotula. Species There are currently 11 recognized species in this genus: * '' Grammonus ater'' ( A. Risso, 1810) * '' Grammonus claudei'' ( Torre y Huerta, 1930) (Reef-cave brotula) * ''Grammonus diagrammu ...'' J. G. Nielsen, 2007 References Bythitidae ...
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Bythitidae
The viviparous brotulas form a family, the Bythitidae, of ophidiiform fishes. They are known as viviparous brotulas as they generally viviparity, bear live young, although there are indications that some species (at least ''Didymothallus criniceps'') do not.Nielsen; Schwarzhans; and Hadiaty (2009). A blind, new species of Diancistrus (Teleostei, Bythitidae) from three caves on Muna Island, southeast of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Cybium 33(3): 241-245. They are generally infrequently seen, somewhat tadpole-like in overall shape and mostly about in length, but some species grow far larger and may surpass . Although many live near the coast in tropical or subtropical oceans, there are also species in deep water and cold oceans, for example ''Bythites''. ''Thermichthys hollisi'', which lives at depths of around , is associated with thermal vents. A few are fresh or brackish water cavefish: the Mexican blind brotula (''Typhliasina pearsei''), Galapagos cuskeel (''Ogilbia galapagosensis''), ...
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