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German League For Human Rights
The German League for Human Rights (german: Deutsche Liga für Menschenrechte) was founded on 16 November 1914 as the pacifist group ''Bund Neues Vaterland'' (New Fatherland League) by pacifist activist Lilli Jannasch and others. Among its members: Albert Einstein, Friedrich Simon Archenhold, Walther Borgius, Elsbeth Bruck, Minna Cauer, Hans Delbrück, Kurt Eisner, Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster, Alfred Hermann Fried, Alexander Futran, Hellmut von Gerlach, Rudolf Goldscheid, Emil J. Gumbel, Paul Guttfeld, Arthur Holitscher, Harry Graf Kessler, Gustav Landauer, Otto Lehmann-Rußbüldt, Ernst Meyer, Georg Friedrich Nicolai, Paul Oestreich, Hans Paasche, Ludwig Quidde, Heinrich Rausch von Traubenberg, Ernst Reuter, Helene Stöcker, Leopold von Wiese, Clara Zetkin, and Stefan Zweig."An American in Hitler's Berlin: Abraham Plotkin's Diary 1932-33" (published 2009 by University of Illinois) page 31: (original diary December 1932): "Walter A. Berendsohn was a professor of Scandinavian lite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacifist
Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence. Pacifists generally reject theories of Just War. The word ''pacifism'' was coined by the French peace campaigner Émile Arnaud and adopted by other peace activists at the tenth Universal Peace Congress in Glasgow in 1901. A related term is ''ahimsa'' (to do no harm), which is a core philosophy in Indian Religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. While modern connotations are recent, having been explicated since the 19th century, ancient references abound. In modern times, interest was revived by Leo Tolstoy in his late works, particularly in ''The Kingdom of God Is Within You''. Mahatma Gandhi propounded the practice of steadfast nonviolent opposition which he called " satyagraha", instrumental in its role in the Indian Independence Movement. Its effectiveness served as inspiration to Martin Luther King Jr., James Lawson, Mary and Charl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lilli Jannasch
Lilli Jannasch (1872 – 1968) was a German feminist, pacifist, journalist, graphologist, and co-founder of the pacifist organisation Bund Neues Vaterland. Early life Lilli Jannasch was born in 1872, the daughter of a German bank director and a French mother. Little is known about her early life, but Jannasch became a distinguished member of the German peace movement. Bund Neues Vaterland (New Fatherland League) Jannasch was a member of the Gesellschaft für ethische Kultur (Society for Ethical Culture), founded by Friedrich Wilhelm Foerster, a philosopher and peace campaigner, and of Deutscher Monistenbund, 'a scientistic quasi-religion founded by the German zoologist and evolutionary proponent Ernst Haeckel'. It was through the Society for Ethical Culture, of which she had been a member since the beginning of the 20th century, that Jannasch became involved with organised pacifism. She had also been a contributor to the Society's journal, ''Ethische Kultur'', and was a foundi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein ( ; ; 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time. Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics. Relativity and quantum mechanics are the two pillars of modern physics. His mass–energy equivalence formula , which arises from relativity theory, has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. His intellectual achievements and originality resulted in "Einstein" becoming synonymous with "genius". In 1905, a year sometimes described as his ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emil Julius Gumbel
Emil Julius Gumbel (18 July 1891, in Munich – 10 September 1966, in New York City) was a German mathematician and political writer. Gumbel specialised in mathematical statistics and, along with Leonard Tippett and Ronald Fisher, was instrumental in the development of extreme value theory, which has practical applications in many fields, including engineering and finance. In 1958, Gumbel published a key book, ''Statistics of Extremes'', in which he derived and analyzed the probability distribution that is now known as the Gumbel distribution in his honor. In the 1920s and early 1930s, Gumbel was considered unusual and highly controversial in German academic circles for his vocal support of left-wing politics and pacifism, and his opposition to Fascism. His influential writings about the politically motivated Feme murders made the case that the Weimar Republic was corruptly anti-leftist and anti-republican. Gumbel publicly opposed the Nazi Party and, in 1932, he was one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Zweig
Stefan Zweig (; ; 28 November 1881 – 22 February 1942) was an Austrian novelist, playwright, journalist, and biographer. At the height of his literary career, in the 1920s and 1930s, he was one of the most widely translated and popular writers in the world. Zweig was raised in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. He wrote historical studies of famous literary figures, such as Honoré de Balzac, Charles Dickens, and Fyodor Dostoevsky in ''Drei Meister'' (1920; ''Three Masters''), and decisive historical events in '' Sternstunden der Menschheit'' (1928; published in English in 1940 as ''The Tide of Fortune: Twelve Historical Miniatures''). He wrote biographies of Joseph Fouché (1929), Mary Stuart (1935) and Marie Antoinette ('' Marie Antoinette: The Portrait of an Average Woman'', 1932), among others. Zweig's best-known fiction includes '' Letter from an Unknown Woman'' (1922), '' Amok'' (1922), ''Fear'' (1925), ''Confusion of Feelings'' (1927), ''Twenty-Four Hours in the Life of a Woman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between the Baltic and North seas to the north, and the Alps to the south; it covers an area of , with a population of almost 84 million within its 16 constituent states. Germany borders Denmark to the north, Poland and the Czech Republic to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before AD 100. In 962, the Kingdom of Germany formed the bulk of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FIDH
The International Federation for Human Rights (french: Fédération internationale des ligues des droits de l'homme; FIDH) is a non-governmental federation for human rights organizations. Founded in 1922, FIDH is the third oldest international human rights organization worldwide after Anti-Slavery International and Save the Children. As of 2016, the organization is made up of 184 members including ''Ligue des droits de l'homme'' in over 100 countries. FIDH is nonpartisan, nonsectarian, and independent of any government. Its core mandate is to promote respect for all the rights set out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. FIDH coordinates and supports collaborations with intergovernmental organizations. Overview FIDH was established in 1922, when it united ten national organizations. It is now a federation of 178 human rights organizations in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peace Organisations Based In Germany
Peace is a concept of societal friendship and harmony in the absence of hostility and violence. In a social sense, peace is commonly used to mean a lack of conflict (such as war) and freedom from fear of violence between individuals or groups. Throughout history, leaders have used peacemaking and diplomacy to establish a type of behavioral restraint that has resulted in the establishment of regional peace or economic growth through various forms of agreements or peace treaties. Such behavioral restraint has often resulted in the reduced conflict, greater economic interactivity, and consequently substantial prosperity. "Psychological peace" (such as peaceful thinking and emotions) is perhaps less well defined, yet often a necessary precursor to establishing "behavioural peace." Peaceful behaviour sometimes results from a "peaceful inner disposition." Some have expressed the belief that peace can be initiated with a certain quality of inner tranquility that does not depend upo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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