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Gakhar Kingdom
The Pothohar Sultanate (Pothwari: پوٹھوار سلطنت ''Pothavār Saltanat'', Persian: سلطنت پوتوهر ''Saltanat-i-Potohar'') was an early modern sultanate based in the Pothohar region between the 15th and 19th centuries. It was the dominant power of the Indus Sagar and Chaj Doab, with Rawalpindi and Jhelum as its main municipalities. The Pothohar Sultanate, for the majority of its time, served as a vassal state for Mughals and Afghans. History Gakhars grew powerful under their Sultan, Muqarrab Khan (r.1738–1769), who participated in the battle of Karnal (1739) alongside Nader Shah against Mughals and received the title of Nawab. They controlled major regions of Potohar between Jhelum and Indus, including Rawalpindi, Pharwala, Gujar Khan, Kahuta, Fatehjang and Rohtas. He later also conquered cities of Gujrat and Jhelum in 1740 and issued his own coins, in which he declared himself to be ruler of tract between Attock and Chenab. He defeated t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sialkot
Sialkot ( ur, ) is a city located in Punjab, Pakistan. It is the capital of Sialkot District and the 13th most populous city in Pakistan. The boundaries of Sialkot are joined with Jammu (the winter capital of Indian administered Jammu and Kashmir) in the north east, the districts of Narowal in the southeast, Gujranwala in the southwest and Gujrat in the northwest. Sialkot is believed to be the successor of ancient Sagala, the capital of the Madra kingdom razed by Alexander the Great in 326 BCE, and then made capital of the Indo-Greek kingdom by Menander I in the 2nd century BCE—a time during which the city greatly prospered as a major center for trade and Buddhist thought. In 6th century, it was again made capital of the Taank Kingdom, which ruled Punjab for the next two centuries. Sialkot continued to be a major political centre until it was eclipsed by Lahore around the turn of the first millennium. The city rose again in prominence during the British era and is now o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hindustani Language
Hindustani (; Devanagari: , * * * * ; Perso-Arabic: , , ) is the '' lingua franca'' of Northern and Central India and Pakistan. Hindustani is a pluricentric language with two standard registers, known as Hindi and Urdu. Thus, the language is sometimes called Hindi–Urdu. Despite these standard registers, colloquial speech in Hindustani often exists on a spectrum between these standards. Ancestors of the language were known as ''Hindui'', ''Hindavi'', ''Zabān-e Hind'' (), ''Zabān-e Hindustan'' (), ''Hindustan ki boli'' (), Rekhta, and Hindi. Its regional dialects became known as ''Zabān-e Dakhani'' in southern India, ''Zabān-e Gujari'' () in Gujarat, and as ''Zabān-e Dehlavi'' or Urdu around Delhi. It is an Indo-Aryan language, deriving its base primarily from the Western Hindi dialect of Delhi, also known as Khariboli. Hindustani is a pluricentric language, best characterised as a continuum between two standardised registers: Modern Standard Hindi and Modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gakhars
The Gakhar are a Punjabi clan found predominantly in the Jhelum District and Gujranwala District in Punjab province of Pakistan. The Gakhars now predominantly follow Islam after conversion from Hinduism during the Islamic rule of north India. Medieval history The Gakhars had engaged in a long-running struggle for sovereignty over the Salt Range. After the arrival of Muhammad of Ghor to medieval India, the Gakhars converted from Hinduism to Islam. See also * Sarang Gakhar, Chief of Gakhars * List of Punjabi tribes * Gakhar Mandi Ghakhar Mandi ( pa, ) is a city in the Gujranwala District of Pakistan, located between Wazirabad to the northwest and Gujranwala to the southeast. It is central to 33 villages, and the home of Pakistan's second-largest electrical grid. Ghakhar ... References Further reading *''Gakkhar'', A. S Bazmee Ansari, in ''Encyclopedia of Islam'', 2nd ed.,Edited by J.H.Kramers et al., E.J Brill, Leiden, pp. 972–74. {{Authority control Punjabi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaj Doab
Chaj Doab ( pa, ) can be classified as one of the main regions of Punjab, Pakistan. Punjab historically has been divided into regions based on its various rivers, since the name Punjab is based on its five main rivers. The Chaj doab includes the area between the Jhelum and Chenab rivers. James R Penn, p122, 2001, , accessed April 2009 It lies on the southern fringes of the valley. Districts This doab covers |
Indus Sagar Doab
Indus Sagar Doab ( Punjabi, ur, ) is the tract of land in Punjab, Pakistan, lying between the Indus River and the Jhelum River. It is one of the five major doabs of the Punjab and forms the north western portion of the Punjab plain. Districts It covers Attock District, Rawalpindi District, Jhelum District, Chakwal District, Mianwali District, Khushab District, Bhakkar District, Layyah District, Muzaffargarh District and Athara Hazari Tehsil and Ahmadpur Sial Tehsil of Jhang District.. Major areas in this doab include the Kala Chitta Range, Margalla and Murti Hills, Punjab Plateau, Salt Range and Thal Desert. Some major cities of this doab are Rawalpindi, Taxila, Attock, Chakwal, Jhelum, Pind Dadan Khan, Talagang, Mianwali, Bhakkar, Layyah, Muzaffargarh, Khushab and Quaidabad. Of the Punjab doabs, the Indus Sagar Doab is the largest in land area, but the poorest for agriculture, due to the presence of the Salt Range and Thal Desert. Doab The word ''doab'' is of Persian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pothohar Plateau
The Pothohar Plateau ( ur, ) is a plateau in north-eastern Pakistan, located between Indus River and the Jhelum River, forming the northern part of Punjab. Geography Potohar Plateau is bounded on the east by the Jhelum River, on the west by the Indus River, on the north by the Kala Chitta Range and the Margalla Hills, and on the south by the Salt Range. The southern end of the plateau is bounded by the Thal desert. The 5000 square miles of the plateau range from an average height of 1200 to 1900 feet above the sea level. Sakesar in the Salt Range is the highest mountain of the region and Tilla Jogian is the second highest. The Sivapithecus indicus fossil skull of an extinct ape species was discovered in Potohar plateau. Economy The plateau covers about 7 percent of all the cultivated land of Pakistan and most of it is very fertile, but the region does not have any proper irrigation system, with the agriculture being largely dependent on rainfall. The plateau is the locatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classical Persian
Persian (), also known by its endonym Farsi (, ', ), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutually intelligible standard varieties, namely Iranian Persian (officially known as ''Persian''), Dari Persian (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964) and Tajiki Persian (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate history in the cultural sphere of Greater Iran. It is written officially within Iran and Afghanistan in the Persian alphabet, a derivation of the Arabic script, and within Tajikistan in the Tajik alphabet, a derivati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punjab Map (topographic) With Cities
Punjab (; Punjabi: پنجاب ; ਪੰਜਾਬ ; ; also romanised as ''Panjāb'' or ''Panj-Āb'') is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northwestern India. Punjab's capital and largest city and historical and cultural centre is Lahore. The other major cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Multan, Ludhiana, Amritsar, Sialkot, Chandigarh, Jalandhar, and Bahawalpur. Punjab grew out of the settlements along the five rivers, which served as an important route to the Near East as early as the ancient Indus Valley civilization, dating back to 3000 BCE, and had numerous migrations by the Indo-Aryan peoples. Agriculture has been the major economic feature of the Punjab and has therefore formed the foundation of Punjabi culture, with one's social status being determined by land ownership. The Punjab emerged as an important agricultural reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's Islam by country#Countries, second-largest Muslim population just behind Indonesia. Pakistan is the List of countries and dependencies by area, 33rd-largest country in the world by area and 2nd largest in South Asia, spanning . It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south, and is bordered by India to India–Pakistan border, the east, Afghanistan to Durand Line, the west, Iran to Iran–Pakistan border, the southwest, and China to China–Pakistan border, the northeast. It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman. Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and fina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamal Khan Gakhar
Kamal Khan Gakhar was a Chief of the Gakhars and a Mughal General in the 16th century. He assumed the throne of Pothohar Plateau by defeating his uncle Adam Khan in battle with help of the Mughal Emperor Jalaluddin Akbar Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (25 October 1542 – 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar the Great ( fa, ), and also as Akbar I (), was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Hum ..., his father was Sarang Khan who was famous for resisting Suris, losing his life in the struggle. References 16th-century Indian monarchs Mughal generals 16th-century Mughal Empire people {{India-mil-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Sarang Khan Ghakkar
Sarang Gakhar ( pa, , translit= Sārang Gakhar) (d. 1546) was the Chief of the Gakhars, who ruled in Pothohar Plateau in northern Punjab, Pakistan, from 1520 – 1546. Early life Father's assassination In 1519, Tatar Khan was assassinated by his nephew Hathi Khan, due to envy and hatred. War with Hathi Khan Sarang Khan and Adam Khan, both being young, escaped to Dangali. They then desired their share of the land and thus anarchy and disorder took rise. The hate, enmity, anarchy and discord coming from both sides increased to such an extent that war between Hathi Khan and the two brothers became inevitable and so they began to attack each other. It is famously known that the vanguards in the army of Hathi Khan declared that they would not strike any with the spear besides Sarang Khan. One of them, named Murad Khan, struck the head and face of Sarang Khan with a spear. Assassination of Hathi Khan Hathi Khan made peace with the Kaswals and married a daughter from the famil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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