Fusarium Acutatum

	Fusarium Acutatum ''Fusarium acutatum'' is a fungus species of the genus ''Fusarium''. ''Fusarium acutatum'' can cause gangrenous necrosis on the feet from diabetic patients. ''Fusarium acutatum'' produces fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, fumonisin B3 The fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins derived from ''Fusarium'' and their Liseola section. They have strong structural similarity to sphinganine, the backbone precursor of sphingolipids. More specifically, it can refer to: * Fumonisin B1 * Fum ... and 8-O-Methyl-fusarubin. References Further reading * * acaciae-mearnsii Fungi described in 1998 {{hypocreales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Fusarium ''Fusarium'' is a large genus of filamentous fungi, part of a group often referred to as hyphomycetes, widely distributed in soil and associated with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes, and are relatively abundant members of the soil microbial community. Some species produce mycotoxins in cereal crops that can affect human and animal health if they enter the food chain. The main toxins produced by these ''Fusarium'' species are fumonisins and trichothecenes. Despite most species apparently being harmless (some existing on the skin as commensal members of the skin flora), some ''Fusarium'' species and subspecific groups are among the most important fungal pathogens of plants and animals. The name of ''Fusarium'' comes from Latin ''fusus'', meaning a spindle. Taxonomy The taxonomy of the genus is complex. A number of different schemes have been used, and up to 1,000 species have been identified at times, with approaches varying between wide and narrow concepts of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Gangrenous Necrosis Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply. Symptoms may include a change in skin color to red or black, numbness, swelling, pain, skin breakdown, and coolness. The feet and hands are most commonly affected. If the gangrene is caused by an infectious agent, it may present with a fever or sepsis. Risk factors include diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, smoking, major trauma, alcoholism, HIV/AIDS, frostbite, influenza, dengue fever, malaria, chickenpox, plague, hypernatremia, radiation injuries, meningococcal disease, Group B streptococcal infection and Raynaud's syndrome. It can be classified as dry gangrene, wet gangrene, gas gangrene, internal gangrene, and necrotizing fasciitis. The diagnosis of gangrene is based on symptoms and supported by tests such as medical imaging. Treatment may involve surgery to remove the dead tissue, antibiotics to treat any infection, and efforts to address the underlying cause. Surgical efforts may include debrid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Fumonisin B1 Fumonisin B1 is the most prevalent member of a family of toxins, known as fumonisins, produced by several species of ''Fusarium'' molds, such as '' Fusarium verticillioides'', which occur mainly in maize (corn), wheat and other cereals. Fumonisin B1 contamination of maize has been reported worldwide at mg/kg levels. Human exposure occurs at levels of micrograms to milligrams per day and is greatest in regions where maize products are the dietary staple. Fumonisin B1 is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in all animal species tested. The earliest histological change to appear in either the liver or kidney of fumonisin-treated animals is increased apoptosis followed by regenerative cell proliferation. While the acute toxicity of fumonisin is low, it is the known cause of two diseases which occur in domestic animals with rapid onset: equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary oedema syndrome. Both of these diseases involve disturbed sphingolipid metabolism and cardiovascular dysfu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Fumonisin B2 Fumonisin B2 is a fumonisin mycotoxin produced by the fungi ''Fusarium verticillioides'' (formerly ''Fusarium moniliforme'') and ''Aspergillus niger''. It is a structural analog of fumonisin B3, while it is lacking one hydroxy group compared to fumonisin B1. Fumonisin B2 is more cytotoxic than fumonisin B1. Fumonisin B2 inhibits sphingosine acyltransferase. Fumonisin B2 and other fumonisins frequently contaminate maize Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American English, North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples of Mexico, indigenous ... and other crops, while recently it has been shown using LC–MS/MS that FB2 can contaminate coffee beans as well. References Mycotoxins Enzyme inhibitors {{biochem-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Fumonisin B3 The fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins derived from ''Fusarium'' and their Liseola section. They have strong structural similarity to sphinganine, the backbone precursor of sphingolipids. More specifically, it can refer to: * Fumonisin B1 * Fumonisin B2 * Fumonisin B3 * Fumonisin B4 The trichothecene (T-2) mycotoxins are a group of over 40 compounds produced by fungi of the genus ''Fusarium'', a common grain mold. The estrogenic metabolite, zearalenone, is also referred to as F-2 toxin. As the fumonisins appear to be non-genotoxic the possibility that they belong to another class of non-genotoxic carcinogens, the peroxisome proliferators, was investigated Genetic engineering is reported as a promising means of detoxifying mycotoxins. This approach may provide innovative solutions to the problem of fumonisin in corn. At least 15 different fumonisins have so far been reported and other minor metabolites have been identified, although most of them have not been shown to occur n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]