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Frustration (solitaire)
Frustration is a solitaire game with roots in the 1700s, and is similar to but opposite of Hit or Miss. It relies purely on luck rather than on skill, and has been both mathematically analyzed and discussed in popular media. This is an example of a derangement problem in combinatorial mathematics, which can be understood using a combinatorial tool called a rook polynomial. The probability of winning the game has been determined exactly, and is approximately 1.6233%.Doyle, Peter G.; Grinstead, Charles M.; Laurie Snell, J. (2 April 2009).Frustration Solitaire, arXiv:math/0703900'. Retrieved 23 October 2020, The same technique can be applied to variations of the game that use different numbers of suits, and different numbers of cards per suit. Rules As in the Hit or Miss, the player deals the cards, and says "ace" when drawing the first card, "two" for the second, then "three, four... nine, ten, jack, queen, king" then starts again with "ace". The game is lost if the rank of a dea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hit Or Miss (solitaire)
Hit or Miss is a patience or card solitaire that uses a deck of 52 playing cards. It is an unusual one in that the player deals the cards one at a time. The game is significantly based on luck-of-the-draw, but the process of elimination gives it appeal nonetheless.Liflander (2002), p.42. History The rules were first published by Hoffmann in 1892 under the name The Talkative, alternatively known as The Roll Call, although that is also the name of a different game.Hoffmann (1892), p. 31. In the same work is a very similar game called The Harvest, played with a Piquet pack of 32 cards in which counting starts at "Seven" and ascends to "Ace" before starting again.Hoffmann (1892), p. 14. American editor, Harris B. Dick, renames it "Hit and Miss" in his 1898 publication and the game has been variously called Roll Call or Hit or Miss since. Morehead & Mott-Smith (1949) add the alternative name Treize. Several editors include the alternative names, failing to mention that Harvest is pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Solitaires
This is a list of patiences, which are card games that are also referred to as solitaires or as card solitaire. This list is not intended to be exhaustive, but only includes games that have met the usual Wikipedia requirements (e.g. notability). Additions should only be made if there is an existing entry on Wikipedia that they can be linked to. To avoid duplicate pages being created, alternative titles and the names of variants are listed separately (except titles that include little more than the name of the parent game). Games of the patience genre played by more than one player are marked with a plus (+) sign. A * Accordion * Aces and Kings * Aces Square * Aces Up * Acme * Addiction * Agnes * Alaska * Algerian * Alhambra * Amazons * American Toad * Apophis * Appreciate * Acquaintance * Archway * Auld Lang Syne * Australian Patience B * Babette * Backbone * Baker's Dozen * Baker's Game * Baroness * Batsford * Beetle * Beleaguered Castle * Belvedere * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solitaire
Solitaire is any tabletop game which one can play by oneself, usually with cards, but also with dominoes. The term "solitaire" is also used for single-player games of concentration and skill using a set layout tiles, pegs or stones. These games include peg solitaire and mahjong solitaire. The game is most often played by one person, but can incorporate others. History The origins of Card Solitaire or Patience are unclear, but the earliest records appear in the late 1700s across northern Europe and Scandinavia. The term ''Patiencespiel'' appears in ''Das neue Königliche L’Hombre-Spiel'', a German book published in 1788. Books were also reported to appear in Sweden and Russia in the early 1800s. There are additional references to Patience in French literature. In the United States, the first card solitaire book, ''Patience: A series of thirty games with cards'', was published by Ednah Cheney in 1870. The most popular card solitaire is Klondike, which was called Microsoft So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derangement
In combinatorial mathematics, a derangement is a permutation of the elements of a set, such that no element appears in its original position. In other words, a derangement is a permutation that has no fixed points. The number of derangements of a set of size ''n'' is known as the subfactorial of ''n'' or the ''n-''th derangement number or ''n-''th de Montmort number. Notations for subfactorials in common use include !''n,'' ''Dn'', ''dn'', or ''n''¡. For ''n'' > 0, the subfactorial !''n'' equals the nearest integer to ''n''!/''e,'' where ''n''! denotes the factorial of ''n'' and ''e'' is Euler's number. The problem of counting derangements was first considered by Pierre Raymond de Montmort in 1708; he solved it in 1713, as did Nicholas Bernoulli at about the same time. Example Suppose that a professor gave a test to 4 students – A, B, C, and D – and wants to let them grade each other's tests. Of course, no student should grade their own test. How many ways could the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combinatorics
Combinatorics is an area of mathematics primarily concerned with counting, both as a means and an end in obtaining results, and certain properties of finite structures. It is closely related to many other areas of mathematics and has many applications ranging from logic to statistical physics and from evolutionary biology to computer science. Combinatorics is well known for the breadth of the problems it tackles. Combinatorial problems arise in many areas of pure mathematics, notably in algebra, probability theory, topology, and geometry, as well as in its many application areas. Many combinatorial questions have historically been considered in isolation, giving an ''ad hoc'' solution to a problem arising in some mathematical context. In the later twentieth century, however, powerful and general theoretical methods were developed, making combinatorics into an independent branch of mathematics in its own right. One of the oldest and most accessible parts of combinatorics is gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rook Polynomial
In combinatorial mathematics, a rook polynomial is a generating polynomial of the number of ways to place non-attacking rooks on a board that looks like a checkerboard; that is, no two rooks may be in the same row or column. The board is any subset of the squares of a rectangular board with ''m'' rows and ''n'' columns; we think of it as the squares in which one is allowed to put a rook. The board is the ordinary chessboard if all squares are allowed and ''m'' = ''n'' = 8 and a chessboard of any size if all squares are allowed and ''m'' = ''n''. The coefficient of ''x'' ''k'' in the rook polynomial ''R''''B''(''x'') is the number of ways ''k'' rooks, none of which attacks another, can be arranged in the squares of ''B''. The rooks are arranged in such a way that there is no pair of rooks in the same row or column. In this sense, an arrangement is the positioning of rooks on a static, immovable board; the arrangement will not be different if the board is rotated or reflec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Playing Card
A playing card is a piece of specially prepared card stock, heavy paper, thin cardboard, plastic-coated paper, cotton-paper blend, or thin plastic that is marked with distinguishing motifs. Often the front (face) and back of each card has a finish to make handling easier. They are most commonly used for playing card games, and are also used in magic tricks, cardistry, card throwing, and card houses; cards may also be collected. Some patterns of Tarot playing card are also used for divination, although bespoke cards for this use are more common. Playing cards are typically palm-sized for convenient handling, and usually are sold together in a set as a deck of cards or pack of cards. The most common type of playing card in the West is the French-suited, standard 52-card pack, of which the most widespread design is the English pattern, followed by the Belgian-Genoese pattern. However, many countries use other, traditional types of playing card, including those that are German ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossary Of Solitaire
Games of patience, or (card) solitaires as they are usually called in North America, have their own 'language' of specialised terms such as "building down", "packing", "foundations", "talon" and "tableau". Once learnt they are helpful in describing, succinctly and accurately, how the games are played. Patience games are usually for a single player, although a small number have been designed for two and, in rare cases, three or even four players. They are games of skill or chance or a combination of the two. There are three classes of patience grouped by object. The most frequent object is to arrange the cards either in ascending sequence (e.g. from Ace to King) or descending sequence. Occasionally both forms of sequence are aimed at in the same game. The card forming the starting point of the required sequence is known as the foundation card and the sequence or family is said to be 'built up' on such card. In some cases foundation cards are picked out and placed in position ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
