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Frost Flowers
A frost flower or ice flower is formed when thin layers of ice are extruded from long-stemmed plants in autumn or early winter. The thin layers of ice are often formed into exquisite patterns that curl into " petals" that resemble flowers. Types Frost flower formations are also referred to as ''frost faces'', ''ice castles'', ''ice blossoms'', or ''crystallofolia''. Types of frost flowers include needle ice, frost pillars or frost columns, extruded from pores in the soil, and ice ribbons, rabbit frost or rabbit ice, extruded from linear fissures in plant stems. The term "ice flower" is also used as synonym for ice ribbons, but it may be used to describe the unrelated phenomenon of window frost as well. Formation The formation of frost flowers is dependent on a freezing weather condition occurring when the ground is not already frozen. The sap in the stem of the plants will expand (water expands when frozen), causing long, thin cracks to form along the length of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frost Flower Ozarks 01
Frost is a thin layer of ice on a solid surface, which forms from water vapor in an above-freezing atmosphere coming in contact with a solid surface whose temperature is below freezing, and resulting in a phase change from water vapor (a gas) to ice (a solid) as the water vapor reaches the freezing point. In temperate climates, it most commonly appears on surfaces near the ground as fragile white crystals; in cold climates, it occurs in a greater variety of forms. The propagation of crystal formation occurs by the process of nucleation. The ice crystals of frost form as the result of fractal process development. The depth of frost crystals varies depending on the amount of time they have been accumulating, and the concentration of the water vapor (humidity). Frost crystals may be invisible (black), clear (translucent), or white; if a mass of frost crystals scatters light in all directions, the coating of frost appears white. Types of frost include crystalline frost (hoar frost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cunila Origanoides
''Cunila origanoides'', with the common names stone mint, frost mint, dittany, and American dittany, is a perennial late-summer-flowering subshrub with small purple flowers that is native to the central and eastern United States. It belongs to the Lamiaceae (mint) family and is the only species in the ''Cunila'' genus native to the United States. It grows in habitats such as dry forests and the thin soil around rock outcrops. This species has historically been cultivated for use as a medicinal herb, tea, and ornamental plant. Description ''C. origanoides'' is a low, shrublike plant with square, stiff, branching stems, growing tall. In the spring, the stems are purple, turning red when the plant is in bloom, then brown and woody in the fall. Leaves are opposite and measure long. They are sessile or have very short petioles. They are lanceolate, ovate, or ovate-cordate, with finely toothed margins. When crushed, the leaves give off a strong mint aroma. Small purple or la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrology
Hydrology () is the scientific study of the movement, distribution, and management of water on Earth and other planets, including the water cycle, water resources, and environmental watershed sustainability. A practitioner of hydrology is called a hydrologist. Hydrologists are scientists studying earth or environmental science, civil or environmental engineering, and physical geography. Using various analytical methods and scientific techniques, they collect and analyze data to help solve water related problems such as environmental preservation, natural disasters, and water management. Hydrology subdivides into surface water hydrology, groundwater hydrology (hydrogeology), and marine hydrology. Domains of hydrology include hydrometeorology, surface hydrology, hydrogeology, drainage-basin management, and water quality, where water plays the central role. Oceanography and meteorology are not included because water is only one of many important aspects within those fields. H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frost And Rime
Frost is a thin layer of ice on a solid surface, which forms from water vapor in an above- freezing atmosphere coming in contact with a solid surface whose temperature is below freezing, and resulting in a phase change from water vapor (a gas) to ice (a solid) as the water vapor reaches the freezing point. In temperate climates, it most commonly appears on surfaces near the ground as fragile white crystals; in cold climates, it occurs in a greater variety of forms. The propagation of crystal formation occurs by the process of nucleation. The ice crystals of frost form as the result of fractal process development. The depth of frost crystals varies depending on the amount of time they have been accumulating, and the concentration of the water vapor ( humidity). Frost crystals may be invisible (black), clear ( translucent), or white; if a mass of frost crystals scatters light in all directions, the coating of frost appears white. Types of frost include crystalline frost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural History (magazine)
''Natural History'' is a natural history magazine published in the United States. The stated mission of the magazine is to promote public understanding and appreciation of nature and science. History Founded in 1900 by the American Museum of Natural History, ''Natural History'' was first titled ''The American Museum Journal''. In 2002, the magazine was purchased from the Museum by a new company, headed at the time by Charles Harris. As of 2013 the magazine is published in North Carolina by Howard Richman. There are 10 issues published annually. Since its founding, ''Natural History'' has chronicled the major expeditions and research findings by curators at the American Museum of Natural History and at other natural history museums and science centers. Stephen Jay Gould's column, "This View of Life," was a regular feature of the magazine from 1974 until he retired the column in 2001. Other regular columnists and contributing authors include Neil deGrasse Tyson, Jared Diamond, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of The Franklin Institute
The Franklin Institute is a science museum and the center of science education and research in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is named after the American scientist and statesman Benjamin Franklin. It houses the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial. Founded in 1824, the Franklin Institute is one of the oldest centers of science education and development in the United States. Its chief astronomer is Derrick Pitts. History On February 5, 1824, Samuel Vaughan Merrick and William H. Keating founded the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania for the Promotion of the Mechanic Arts. Begun in 1825, the institute was an important force in the professionalization of American science and technology through the nineteenth century, beginning with early investigations into steam engines and water power. In addition to conducting scientific inquiry, it fostered research and education by running schools, publishing the influential ''Journal of The Franklin Institute'', sponsoring exhib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Scientist
__NOTOC__ ''American Scientist'' (informally abbreviated ''AmSci'') is an American bimonthly science and technology magazine published since 1913 by Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society. In the beginning of 2000s the headquarters was in New Haven, CT. Each issue includes feature articles written by prominent scientists and engineers who review research in fields from molecular biology to computer engineering. Each issue also includes the work of cartoonists, including those of Sidney Harris, Benita Epstein Benita L. Epstein is a prolific gag cartoonist for magazines, greeting cards, websites and newspapers. She was a regular contributor to the comic strip ''Six Chix'', distributed by King Features Syndicate. Before becoming a cartoonist, Epstein ea ..., and Mark Heath. Also included is the ''Scientists' Nightstand'' that reviews a vast range of science-related books and novels. ''American Scientist Online'' () was launched in May 2003. References External links * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frostweed
Frostweed is a common name for several plants and may refer to: *''Helianthemum'' or ''Crocanthemum ''Crocanthemum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cistaceae. They are native to both North and South America where they are widespread. The common name frostweed relates to the ice crystals which form from sap exuding from cracks near ...'' , in the family Cistaceae *'' Verbesina virginica'' in the family Asteraceae {{Short pages monitor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Needle Ice
Needle ice is a needle-shaped column of ice formed by groundwater. Needle ice forms when the temperature of the soil is above and the surface temperature of the air is below . Liquid water underground rises to the surface by capillary action, and then freezes and contributes to a growing needle-like ice column. Needle ice requires a flowing form of water underneath the surface, from that point it comes into contact with air that is below freezing. This area of the process usually occurs at night when temperature reaches its low point. From then on, it produces the needle like structure known as "Needle Ice". The ice needles are typically a few centimetres long. While growing, they may lift or push away small soil particles. On sloped surfaces, needle ice may be a factor contributing to soil creep.Isbell, D.: Needle Ice on Mt. Osceola'', EPOD of July 10, 2005. URL last accessed 2007-12-07.Pidwirny, M. URL last accessed 2007-12-07. Alternate names for needle ice are "frost pill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hair Ice
Hair ice, also known as ice wool or frost beard, is a type of ice that forms on dead wood and takes the shape of fine, silky hair. It is somewhat uncommon, and has been reported mostly at latitudes between 45 and 55 °N in broadleaf forests. The meteorologist (and discoverer of continental drift) Alfred Wegener described hair ice on wet dead wood in 1918,Alfred Wegener: ''Haareis auf morschem Holz.'' Die Naturwissenschaften 6/1, 1918. S. 598–601. assuming some specific fungi as the catalyst, a theory mostly confirmed by Gerhart Wagner and Christian Mätzler in 2005.Gerhart Wagner: Haareis – eine seltene winterliche Naturerscheinung. Was haben Pilze damit zu tun?' SZP/BSM 2005.Gerhart Wagner, Christian Mätzler: Haareis auf morschem Laubholz als biophysikalisches Phänomen.'' Forschungsbericht Nr. 2008-05-MW. Universität Bern. 2008.PDF-Download)Gerhart Wagner, Christian Mätzler: ''Haareis - Ein seltenes biophysikalisches Phänomen im Winter.'' Naturwissenschaftliche Rund ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helianthemum Canadense
''Helianthemum canadense'' or ''Crocanthemum canadense'' (known as longbranch frostweed, Canada frostweed, frostweed, rock frost, frostplant, or frostwort) is a species of rock-rose (Cistaceae), native to eastern North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car .... Description It is a flowering perennial in height that blooms from May to June for a single day. Each stem normally has a single flower, but rarely can have two. The flower is yellow in color, with five petals and is between 3/4 and 1 1/4 inches across. The leaves are covered in hairs and alternate in pattern. The stems are also covered in hairs and are brown or green in color. References USDA, NRCS. 2019. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 5 February 2019). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verbesina Alternifolia
''Verbesina alternifolia'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is commonly known as wingstem or yellow ironweed. It is native to North America. It is a larval host to the gold moth (''Basilodes pepita'') and the silvery checkerspot (''Chlosyne nycteis ''Chlosyne nycteis'', the silvery checkerspot, is a species of Nymphalinae butterfly that occurs in North America. It is listed as a species of special concern in Connecticut and Maine, and is believed extirpated in Connecticut, Massachusetts, a ...'').The Xerces Society (2016), ''Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects'', Timber Press. File:V. alternifolia stem.jpg, Close-up of Verbesina alternifolia stem showing wings File:V. alternifolia flowers.jpg, Mature flower heads File:V. alternifolia seedhead.jpg, Detail of immature seed head References alternifolia Flora of the Northeastern United States Flora of the Southeastern United States Flora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
