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Froehde's Reagent
The Froehde reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids, especially opioids, as well as other compounds. It is composed of a mixture of molybdic acid or a molybdate salt dissolved in hot, concentrated sulfuric acid, which is then dripped onto the substance being tested. The United States Department of Justice method for producing the reagent is the addition of 100 ml of hot, concentrated (95–98%) sulfuric acid to 0.5 g of sodium molybdate or molybdic acid. The Virginia Department of Forensic Science method uses 0.5 g ammonium molybdate per 100 ml H2SO4 (conc.) Unheated sulfuric acid can be used to prepare the reagent in a less dangerous manner, but 2–4 hours must be allowed for the molybdate to dissolve. See also *Reagent testing *Drug checking *Dille–Koppanyi reagent *Folin's reagent *Liebermann reagent *Mandelin reagent *Marquis reagent *Mecke reagent *Simon's reagent *Zwikker reagent The Zwikker reagent is used as a simple spot-test to pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkaloids
Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids. In addition to carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, alkaloids may also contain oxygen, sulfur and, more rarely, other elements such as chlorine, bromine, and phosphorus.Chemical Encyclopedia: alkaloids xumuk.ru Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including , , |
Naphyrone
Naphyrone, also known as O-2482 and naphthylpyrovalerone, is a substituted cathinone drug derived from pyrovalerone that acts as a triple reuptake inhibitor, producing stimulant effects and has been reported as a novel designer drug. No safety or toxicity data is available on the drug. The drug has been marketed under the name NRG-1, although only a minority of samples of substances sold under this name have been found to actually contain naphyrone, and even samples that proved to contain genuine β-naphyrone were in some cases also found to contain the 1-naphthyl isomer α-naphyrone in varying proportions, further confusing the reported effects profile. Use in the United Kingdom Naphyrone emerged as a new legal high in the United Kingdom only months after the ban of similar drug mephedrone (which was also a cathinone derivative). Until July 2010 the substance was not controlled by the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and was therefore not illegal for someone to possess. The Medi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-APB
5-APB (abbreviation of "5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran"; see infobox for the correct IUPAC name) is an empathogenic psychoactive compound of the substituted benzofuran, substituted amphetamine and substituted phenethylamine classes. 5-APB and other compounds are sometimes informally called "Benzofury". 5-APB is commonly found as the succinate and hydrochloride salt. The hydrochloride salt is 10% more potent by mass and doses should be adjusted accordingly. 5-APB has been sold as a designer drug since 2010. Pharmacology 5-APB is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor with ''K''i(NET)=180 nmol/L, ''K''i( DAT)=265 nmol/L and ''K''i( SERT)=811 nmol/L. It is also a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent. 5-APB is a potent agonist for the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors (Ki of 14 nmol/L at 5-HT2B with an efficacy of 0.924). This agonism for 5-HT2B makes it likely that 5-APB would be cardiotoxic with long term use, as seen in other 5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-IT
5-(2-Aminopropyl)indole (5-API, 5-IT, PAL-571) is an indole and phenethylamine derivative with empathogenic effects. Its preparation was first reported by Albert Hofmann in 1962. It is a designer drug that has been openly sold as a recreational drug by online vendors since 2011. Chemistry Although 5-IT is a positional isomer of the tryptamine drug αMT, the compound is not itself a tryptamine as the indole ring is substituted at the 5 position rather than at the 3 position. The compound is closer chemically to phenethylamine derivatives such as 5-APB. This is reflected in the compound's effects when used as a drug, which are reportedly stimulating rather than psychedelic. Pharmacology 5-IT acts as a triple monoamine releasing agent with EC50 values of 12.9 nM for dopamine, 13.3 nM for norepinephrine and 104.8 nM for serotonin and also as MAO-A inhibitor. Dosage and effects Alexander Shulgin wrote briefly about 5-IT in ''TiHKAL'' saying: "at 20 milligrams orally, ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-AcO-DET
4-Acetoxy-DET (4-Acetoxy-''N'',''N''-diethyltryptamine), also known as ethacetin, ethylacybin or 4-AcO-DET, is a psychedelic tryptamine. It was first synthesized in 1958 by Albert Hofmann in the Sandoz lab.Erowid 4-Acetoxy-DET Vaults : Primer Accessed on April 19, 2007. It is expected that the compound is quickly hydrolyzed into the free phenolic 4-HO-DET by serum esterases, but human studies concerning the metabolic fate of this drug are lacking. Dosage 4-Acetoxy-DET is orally active, and dosages of 10–25 ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-HO-MIPT
4-HO-MiPT (miprocin, 4-hydroxy-''N''-methyl-''N''-isopropyltryptamine) is a synthetic substituted aromatic compound and a lesser-known psychedelic tryptamine. It is thought to be a serotonergic psychedelic, similar to magic mushrooms, LSD and mescaline. Its molecular structure and pharmacological effects somewhat resemble those of the tryptamine psilocin, which is the primary psychoactive chemical in magic mushrooms. History 4-HO-MiPT was presumably first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. Its synthesis is described in his book ''TiHKAL'' along with reports by people who had ingested the compound. Shulgin's trials and other anecdotal information suggest that 4-HO-MiPT is a synthetic psychedelic similar in activity to psilocin. It is relatively uncommon and has only a short history of human use. Chemistry Miprocin is the 4-hydroxyl analog of the chemical ''N''-methyl-''N''-isopropyltryptamine as well as the isopropyl homolog and possible structural analog of 4-HO-DMT. In Aug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-HO-MET
4-HO-MET (4-hydroxy-''N''-methyl-''N''-ethyltryptamine, metocin, or methylcybin), is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. It is a structural− and functional analog of psilocin as well as the 4-hydroxyl analog of methylethyltryptamine (MET). 4-HO-MET was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book ''TiHKAL'' (''Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved''), the dosage is listed as 10-20 mg. 4-HO-MET produces psilocin-like distortion of color, sound, and form. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of 4-HO-MET. There have been no reports of deaths from 4-HO-MET, even though people have reported taking doses up to 150 mg, more than an order of magnitude above the effective dose. Effects Users report similar effects to psilocin, including mydriasis, closed and open eye visuals, euphoria, time dilation and general change in thought processes. These effects occur in a wavelike pattern such as that of psilocybin with near-normal per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-AcO-DALT
4-Acetyloxy-''N,N''-diallyltryptamine (or 4-AcO-DALT) is a tryptamine derivative. It has been sold as a designer drug, but little other information is available. It was first officially identified in seized drug samples in 2012. See also * DALT * 5-MeO-DALT 5-MeO-DALT or ''N,N''- di allyl-5-methoxy tryptamine is a psychedelic tryptamine first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. Chemistry The full name of the chemical is ''N''-allyl-''N''-indol-3-yl)ethyl group">ethyl] propene, prop-2-en-1- amine. It i ... References Tryptamines Designer drugs Acetate esters Allylamines {{Pharm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
5-MeO-DALT
5-MeO-DALT or ''N,N''- di allyl-5-methoxy tryptamine is a psychedelic tryptamine first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. Chemistry The full name of the chemical is ''N''-allyl-''N''-indol-3-yl)ethyl group">ethyl] propene, prop-2-en-1- amine. It is related to the compounds 5-MeO-DPT and DALT. In April 2020, Chadeayne et al. solved the crystal structure of the freebase form of 5-MeO-DALT. Pharmacology 5-MeO-DALT binds to 5-HT1A, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1E, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT6, α2A, α2B, α2C, H1, κ-opioid, σ1 and σ2 receptors with Ki values lower than 10μM and also acts as a DAT and SERT monoamine reuptake inhibitor. The metabolism and cytochrome P450 inhibition of 5-MeO-DALT has been described in scientific literature. History The first material regarding the synthesis and effects of 5-MeO-DALT was sent from Alexander Shulgin to a research associate named Murple in May 2004, after which it was circulated online. In June 2004 5-MeO-DALT became available fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methoxetamine
Methoxetamine, abbreviated as MXE, is a dissociative hallucinogen that has been sold as a designer drug. It differs from many dissociatives such as ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP) that were developed as pharmaceutical drugs for use as general anesthetics in that it was designed specifically for recreational use. It is a rare example of a drug being so widely controlled without having an existing medical use. MXE is an arylcyclohexylamine. It acts mainly as an NMDA receptor antagonist, similarly to other arylcyclohexylamines like ketamine and PCP. Recreational use Effects MXE is reported to have a similar effect to ketamine. It was often believed to possess opioid properties due to its structural similarity to 3-HO-PCP, but this assumption is not supported by data, which shows insignificant affinity for the μ-opioid receptor by the compound. Recreational use of MXE has been associated with hospitalizations from high and/or combined consumption in the US and UK. Acute rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
