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French Cerdagne
French Cerdagne ( ca, Alta Cerdanya, ) is the northern half of Cerdanya, which came under French control as a result of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, while the southern half remained in Spain (as part of Catalonia). Catalans often refer to French Cerdagne as Upper Cerdanya ( ca, Alta Cerdanya). It is the only French territory on the Iberian Peninsula, as it is located on the south side of the Pyrenees Range between France and Spain. For example, the Segre river, which goes west and then south to meet the Ebro, has its source in the French Cerdagne. An inadvertent result of the Treaty of the Pyrenees is the Spanish exclave of LlÃvia (the small uncolored area in the map) which is sovereign Spanish territory surrounded by French Cerdagne. French Cerdagne has no special status inside France, simply forming an area within the '' department'' of Pyrénées-Orientales, unlike the Spanish part of Cerdanya, which is officially a Catalan ''comarca'' called simply Cerdanya. In Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estavar
Estavar (; ca, Estavar) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Geography Estavar is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades. Estavar station has rail connections to Villefranche-de-Conflent and Latour-de-Carol. Population See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department The Pyrénées-Orientales department is composed of 226 communes. Most of the territory (except for the district of Fenolheda) formed part of the Principality of Catalonia until 1659, and Catalan is still spoken (in addition to French) by a si ... References Communes of Pyrénées-Orientales {{PyrénéesOrientales-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Err, Pyrénées-Orientales
Err (; ca, Er, ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Toponymy The onomastics of the town name, first attested as ''Ezerre'' in 839 AD amongst many later forms, is ultimately mysterious. Linguists generally agree it dates before the dominance of Celtic languages and Latin in ancient Gaul (a dominant hypothesis being a Basque-related Pre-Indo-European name; also see Old European hydronymy). Compare the etymology of similarly-sounding nearby Ur. Geography Err is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades. Err station has rail connections to Villefranche-de-Conflent and Latour-de-Carol. Population See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department The Pyrénées-Orientales department is composed of 226 communes. Most of the territory (except for the district of Fenolheda) formed part of the Principality of Catalonia until 1659, and Catalan is still spoken (in addition to Fren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enveitg
Enveitg (; , ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Geography Localization Enveitg is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades. Transport Latour-de-Carol-Enveitg train station is adjacent to the village. The station has the distinction of serving three separate routes (SNCF from Toulouse, RENFE from Barcelona and the Train Jaune from Villefranche-de-Conflent), each with a different track gauges. This requires through passengers and freight to change trains. In addition, before Spain's accession to the European Union and the Schengen Agreement, customs and immigration checks were performed; these are no longer necessary, so the people required for these have been withdrawn, leading to a decline in population and activity. Another station in the commune is Béna Fanès station, on the line to Villefranche-de-Conflent. Population See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales departme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Égat
Égat ( ca, Èguet) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Geography Localisation Égat is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades. Population See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department The Pyrénées-Orientales department is composed of 226 communes. Most of the territory (except for the district of Fenolheda) formed part of the Principality of Catalonia until 1659, and Catalan is still spoken (in addition to French) by a si ... References Communes of Pyrénées-Orientales {{PyrénéesOrientales-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dorres
Dorres (; ca, Dorres) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Geography Localisation Dorres is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades. History Various tools and evidence of occupation found in the surroundings prove that the territory of Dorres was already occupied in prehistoric times. Jean Sagnes (dir.), Le pays catalan, t. 2, Pau, Société nouvelle d'éditions régionales, 1985 At the end of the 9th century, Dorres was a property of Sunifred (who died ca. 890), a son of Sunifred, count of Cerdanya. Having become the abbot of the Abbey of Arles-sur-Tech, Sunifred then gave Dorres to his nephew and godson Radulf, himself the son of Wilfred the Hairy and future bishop of Urgell. Later, in the 12th century, is found the name of ''Guillem de Edorres'', supposed to be the local lord. From the 14th century, Dorres becomes part of the crown estate. Being mainly mountain territory, Dorres was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bourg-Madame
Bourg-Madame (; ca, La Guingueta d'Ix) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Geography Localisation Bourg-Madame is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades. It lies right on the border with Spain. It abuts directly onto the Spanish town of Puigcerdà , and is near the Spanish exclave of LlÃvia. Toponymy The town used to be known in French as ''Les Guinguettes'', until 1815 when it was renamed Bourg-Madame in honour of the wife of the Duke of Angoulême. The Catalan name for the town is still the traditional one. History In the 20th century Bourg-Madame was the site of a camp housing Republican escapees from Spain at the end of the Spanish Civil War. Government and politics Mayors Transport Roads The following major roads lead to Bourg-Madame: * N-20 from Ur to the north; * N-154 and D-68 from the Spanish enclave LlÃvia to the northeast; * N-116 from Saillagouse to the east; * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolquère
Bolquère (; ca, Bolquera) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Geography Localization Bolquère is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades. Transportation Bolquère-Eyne station is the highest railway station on the SNCF network at an elevation of 1593m he highest SNCF station is the Gare du Lac at 1914m on the stand-alone Train de L' Artouste line It serves the Yellow Train exclusively. Government and politics ;Mayors Population See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department The Pyrénées-Orientales department is composed of 226 communes. Most of the territory (except for the district of Fenolheda) formed part of the Principality of Catalonia until 1659, and Catalan is still spoken (in addition to French) by a si ... References External links *City council website Communes of Pyrénées-Orientales {{PyrénéesOrientales-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes
Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Geography Localisation Angoustrine-Villeneuve-des-Escaldes is located in the canton of Les Pyrénées catalanes and in the arrondissement of Prades. Government and politics Mayors Population Sites of interest * Saint-André d'Angoustrine church, romanesque (12th c.). * Saint-Martin d'Envalls chapel, romanesque. * Saint-Assiscle et Sainte-Victoire de Villeneuve-des-Escaldes church, romanesque. * The new Saint-André d'Angoustrine church, built in the 19th century. See also *Communes of the Pyrénées-Orientales department The Pyrénées-Orientales department is composed of 226 communes. Most of the territory (except for the district of Fenolheda) formed part of the Principality of Catalonia until 1659, and Catalan is still spoken (in addition to French) by a si ... References Communes of Pyrénées-Orientales {{PyrénéesOrientale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gamma Ray
A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol γ or \gamma), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. It consists of the shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves, typically shorter than those of X-rays. With frequencies above 30 exahertz (), it imparts the highest photon energy. Paul Villard, a French chemist and physicist, discovered gamma radiation in 1900 while studying radiation emitted by radium. In 1903, Ernest Rutherford named this radiation ''gamma rays'' based on their relatively strong penetration of matter; in 1900 he had already named two less penetrating types of decay radiation (discovered by Henri Becquerel) alpha rays and beta rays in ascending order of penetrating power. Gamma rays from radioactive decay are in the energy range from a few kiloelectronvolts (keV) to approximately 8 megaelectronvolts (MeV), corresponding to the typical energy levels in nuclei with reasonably long lif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IACT
IACT stands for Imaging Atmospheric (or Air) Cherenkov Telescope or Technique. It is a device or method to detect very-high-energy gamma ray photons in the photon energy range of 50 GeV to 50 TeV. There are four operating IACT systems: High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.), MAGIC (telescope), Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes (MAGIC), First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope (FACT), and VERITAS, Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS). The Major Atmospheric Cerenkov Experiment Telescope (MACE) is under construction in Hanle, Ladakh, India and is set to be the highest and second-largest IACT. The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a multinational project to build next-generation IACTs and is scheduled to begin data collection in 2022. Background Due to the rapidly falling flux of gamma-ray photons from cosmos, cosmic sources in this energy regime, space-based detectors become ineffective due to their small collection areas which a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
