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French Campaign Against Korea, 1866
The French expedition to Korea (french: Expédition française en Corée, ) was an 1866 punitive expedition undertaken by the Second French Empire against Joseon Korea in retaliation for the execution of seven French Catholic missionaries. The encounter over Ganghwa Island lasted nearly six weeks. The result was an eventual French retreat, and a check on French influence in the region. The encounter also confirmed Korea in its isolationism for another decade, until Japan forced it to open up to trade in 1876 through the Treaty of Ganghwa. In contemporary South Korea it is known as the ''Byeong-in yangyo'', or "Western disturbance of the ''byeong-in'' year". Background Throughout the history of the Joseon dynasty, Korea maintained a policy of strict isolationism from the outside world (with the exceptions being interaction with the Qing dynasty and occasional trading with Japan through the island of Tsushima). However, it did not succeed entirely in sealing itself off from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganghwa Island
Ganghwa Island (Hangul ; Hanja ), also known by its native name Ganghwado, is a South Korean island in the estuary of the Han River. It is in the Yellow Sea, off Korea's west coast. The island is separated from Gimpo (on the South Korean mainland) by a narrow channel spanned by two bridges, and from Kaesong (Gaeseong) in North Korea by the main channel of the Han River. North Korea can be seen on clear days from less than two kilometers away on South Korea's Ganghwa Island allowing better views of North Korean villages than from elsewhere in South Korea. It is strategically located, controlling access to the river which runs through former Joseon and the present South Korean capital Seoul. Its fortifications were repeatedly attacked during the 19th century. With an area of , it constitutes most of Ganghwa County (a division of Incheon). The island has a population of about 65,500, half of whom live in Ganghwa Town (Ganghwa-eup) in the northeast. Name "Ganghwado" or "Ganghwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Foreign Missions Society
The Society of Foreign Missions of Paris (french: Société des Missions Etrangères de Paris, short M.E.P.) is a Roman Catholic missionary organization. It is not a religious institute, but an organization of secular priests and lay persons dedicated to missionary work in foreign lands. The Society of Foreign Missions of Paris was established 1658–63. In 1659, instructions for establishment of the Paris Foreign Missions Society were given by Rome's Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith. This marked the creation of a missionary institution that, for the first time, did not depend on the control of the traditional missionary and colonial powers of Spain or Portugal. In the 350 years since its foundation, the institution has sent more than 4,200 missionary priests to Asia and North America. Their mission is to adapt to local customs and languages, develop a native clergy, and keep close contacts with Rome.Missions, p.4 In the 19th century, local persecutions of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni Paolo II; pl, Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła ; 18 May 19202 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in April 2005, and was later canonised as Pope Saint John Paul II. He was elected pope by the second papal conclave of 1978, which was called after John Paul I, who had been elected in August to succeed Pope Paul VI, died after 33 days. Cardinal Wojtyła was elected on the third day of the conclave and adopted the name of his predecessor in tribute to him. Born in Poland, John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope since Adrian VI in the 16th century and the second-longest-serving pope after Pius IX in modern history. John Paul II attempted to improve the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, and the Eastern Orthodox Church. He maintained the church's previous positions on such matters as abortion, artificia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre-Henri Dorie
Pierre Henri Dorie (1839–1866) was a French missionary of the Paris Foreign Missions Society, who was martyred in Korea in 1866.''Les Missions Etrangères'', p.252-253 His feast day is March 7, and he is also venerated along with the rest of the 103 Korean Martyrs on September 20. Biography Henri Dorie was born on 23 September 1839 in Saint-Hilaire-de-Talmont. Following the arrest and execution of Bishop Siméon-François Berneux on 7 March 1866, all but three of the French missionaries in Korea were also captured and executed: among them were Bishop Antoine Daveluy, Father Just de Bretenières, Father Louis Beaulieu, Father Dorie, Father Pierre Aumaître, Father Martin-Luc Huin, all of them members of the Paris Foreign Missions Society. The persecutions triggered the French Campaign against Korea in October–November 1866. Like the other martyrs, Pierre Henri Dorie was canonized by Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II ( la, Ioannes Paulus II; it, Giovanni P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Beaulieu
Louis Beaulieu (8 October 1840, Langon – decapitated 8 March 1866 at age 25) in Korea, was one of the priests of the Paris Foreign Missions Society who was among the 103 Korean Martyrs. Beaulieu was ordinated on the 21 of May 1864, and left for Korea on 15 July. His mission proved very difficult, as the district he was assigned to prohibited the presence of foreigners, especially preachers. Beaulieu hid in the mountains for some time, but was ultimately arrested, judged, and decapitated on 8 March 1866. He was beatified October 6, 1968 by Paul VI and canonized May 6, 1984 by John Paul II. See also *Catholic Church in Korea The Catholic Church in Korea is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the pope in Rome. The Catholic hierarchy in Korea has never been divided between South and North, in the same manner as the Catholic hier ... References External links Saint-Louis BeaulieuoNominis French Roman Catholic missionaries ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
